Genetic and Correlation Analysis of Grain Characters in Three-line Hybrid Rice

Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.

Technical Specification for Producing Hybrid Pepper Seed Using Three-line Male Sterility

This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.

Studies on the Developmental Genetics of Tiller Number in Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice

Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.

Breeding and Seed Production Techniques of New Aromatic Danxiangyouzhenliang Rice Variety with Good Quality and High Yield

Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.

Performance of 32 Hybrid Rice Varieties at Pine Bluff of Arkansas

Yield test of 41 entries, 32 new hybrids, 8 male parents restore lines and 1 inbred variety, was conducted on the farm of University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) in 2012. The only inbred Francis in this experiment was used as the check. Francis is a popular variety and widely used in Arkansas rice production. Results showed that the yields of 7 hybrids were 25.7% - 30.7% higher than check Francis. Hybrid 28s/BP23R had the highest yield, 10846.6 kg/hectare and over check by 30.7%. The yield of hybrid 28s/PB-24, was 10628.9 kg/hectare and over check by 28.1%. The yields of hybrid 28s/PB-22 and 33A/PB24 were 10549.8 and 10539.8 kg/hectare and over check by 27.1% and 27.0%, respectively. The sterile lines 28s, 29s, 30s and 33A have good combinability. PB2, PB5, PB12, PB22, PB23, PB24, and PB25 are good restorers and most of their hybrids were over check more than 17%. Sterile 28s has DEMG (Dominant Early Maturity Gene) which can make earlier heading hybrids by crossing with late restorer lines. Sterile 30s and 33A have no DEMG but have heat resistant gene. They can make late heading hybrids by crossing with late restorer lines PB24 and PB22 and the late heading hybrids can resistant to hot temperature. These results showed that these sterile lines, restorer lines and hybrids can be used in rice production of Arkansas in the future.

The Result Analysis of Hybrid Middle-season Rice Variety Display

A comprehensive appraisal is performed on the newly bred of 28 hybrid middle-season rice combinations, with Yangliangyou 6 as a control, a total of 29 combinations, in terms of high and stable yield, adaptability and disease resistance. Two-line hybrid combinations have a total of 24, accounting for 82.76% of the exhibition, but there were only 5 three-line hybrid combinations have accounting for 17.24% of the exhibition. There are 13 high-quality two-line cross combinations, representing 54.17% of the two-line hybrid combinations. In the 8 hybrid combinations, whose yield per unit area is more than that of the control, 7 are two-line hybrid combinations, and the last one is the three-line hybrid combination. There are 15 two-line hybrid combinations with whole growth period 10 d shorter than Yangliangyou 6.

朱顶红新品种‘苏农红蝶’的选育

‘苏农红蝶’是以凤蝶(H.papilio)为母本,‘卡里美柔’(‘Calimero’)为父本的杂交后代中选出的朱顶红新品种。平均株高54.60 cm,花单瓣,花径14.48 cm。平均每花序梗着花4.4朵,花期4—5月。花冠正面形状三角形;花颜色分布为脉纹;花内侧主色(RHS RED46B),耐寒、分孽力强。

皖北平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果性状评价

【目的】平欧杂种榛是中国野生平榛和欧洲榛种间杂交获得的新种质,具有抗寒、丰产和适应性强等特点。对皖北地区平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果进行性状评价,明确品种加工适宜性,可为平欧杂种榛选择与推广提供科学依据。【方法】依据适应性和丰产性等指标,在皖北地区筛选出9个平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果,从烤制、仁用、油用、鲜食等不同加工利用角度进行分析评价。【结果】(1)皖北地区9个优势品种单粒坚果质量为2.54~4.40 g,三径(纵径、横径、侧径)均值为18.99~21.49 mm,形状指数为0.67~1.02,单粒榛仁质量为1.00~1.66 g,果壳厚度为1.53~2.41 mm,出仁率为34.36%~47.01%,榛仁脂肪含量为50.50~58.00 g/(100 g),蛋白质含量为21.10~25.10 g/(100 g),可溶性糖含量为4.08%~4.94%。(2)油脂中鉴定出8种脂肪酸成分,其中油酸含量最高,为81.21%~88.53%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为92.19%~94.61%。榛仁中钾、磷、钙和镁含量较为丰富。(3)9个优势品种单株坚果产量为1.52~2.20 kg,单株脂肪产量为330.50~503.47 g,单株蛋白质产量为141.68~224.40 g。【结论】根据不同榛果加工方式,皖北9个优势品种中‘辽榛3号’最适作为带壳烤制品种;‘辽榛3号’、‘达维’和‘辽榛4号’最适作为仁用加工品种,‘辽榛4号’可作为油用加工品种;‘辽榛1号’可作为功能性蛋白饮料加工品种;‘达维’和‘辽榛9号’可作为高钙类加工品种;‘达维’、‘辽榛3号’、‘平欧545号’是较为适宜的鲜食品种。

通过远缘杂交培育郁金香新品种‘雪域湘妃’

为了利用中国野生郁金香资源的优良基因,实现选育适合中国气候条件的“中华郁金香新品种群”的目标,开展了以郁金香栽培品种‘波兰心’为母本,以原产于中国的郁金香野生种阿尔泰郁金香为父本的远缘杂交研究。结果表明:‘波兰心’×阿尔泰郁金香杂交组合具有较高的亲和性,杂交结实率80%,获得杂交种子1080粒。对杂交后代进行筛选,最终选育出郁金香新品种‘雪域香妃’。‘雪域湘妃’株高32.67 cm,极显著低于母本‘波兰心’,与父本阿尔泰郁金香差异不显著。花径大小与花冠高度分别为5.55 cm和5.34 cm,与母本‘波兰心’差异不显著,与父本阿尔泰郁金香差异极显著。‘雪域湘妃’萌芽期为3月下旬,4月中旬现蕾,始花期为4月下旬,盛花期13d。该研究将为中国分布的野生郁金香资源的杂交利用提供参考。

早熟高产杂交水稻组合两优7871的选育及其高产栽培和制种技术

两优7871是由178S和R71杂交选育的杂交水稻品种,具有早熟、抗倒伏、优质、高产和稳产等特点。本文总结分析了该品种的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术,该品种在2016—2017年长江中下游区域试验中,全生育期130 d,平均产量9.51 t/hm^(2),外观品质优,适口性、抗病性较好;其高产栽培注重培育壮秧,控制无效分蘖,争取有效穗数,促大穗,提高结实率,重点防治稻瘟病、稻飞虱等;制种技术要点包括合理安排播差期,培育壮秧,合理密植,加强田间管理和巧喷赤霉酸生长调节剂等。研究结果为该品种在长江中下游作为一季中稻、麦茬直播稻和再生稻种植提供参考。

Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Yield of Hybrid Rice

In the research, 20 indica hybrid rice varieties were investigated under high-dense and low-amount, mid-dense and mid-amount and low-dense and high-amount fertilization conditions in order to explore correlation between LAI in ful heading stage with yield and to analyze yield differences, yield components, material accumulation and transferring, as wel as correlation between key cultivation factors and yield. Final y, approaches and key technology for yield breakthrough were dis-cussed, which provides theoretical and technological references for rice high yield.

机械直播杂交籼稻高产群体共性特征研究

【目的】阐明机械直播杂交籼稻高产群体的共性特征,构建规范化的机直播杂交籼稻品种鉴选方法和指标体系。【方法】以11个杂交籼稻品种为试材,研究机直播对不同杂交水稻品种群体质量及产量的影响,探讨机直播高产群体共性特征及其与产量间的关系。【结果】与中产、低产类型品种相比,高产类型品种的两年平均产量分别显著提高了2.77%~9.63%和11.19%~18.31%。高产类型品种拔节期、齐穗期及成熟期地上部干物质累积量分别显著提高27.78%~58.62%、15.38%~32.35%及18.23%~34.32%,收获指数显著提高了24.25%~34.84%,齐穗期高效叶面积指数(LAI)显著提高了37.92%~85.43%,上三叶片较长(剑叶34.17~42.17 cm、倒2叶46.23~50.30 cm、倒3叶55.17~59.23 cm),倒2叶(1.67~1.93 cm)、倒3叶(1.40~1.53 cm)较宽,N1、N2、N3(基部至穗顶第1、2、3节间)节间长度分别缩短了12.06%~47.34%、14.02%~15.85%、1.97%~14.21%,而N4、N5(基部至穗顶第4、5节间)节间分别增加了6.86%~9.95%、6.68%~7.86%。相关分析表明,机直播条件下,各生育时期地上部干物质量、LAI、剑叶长和宽、倒2叶和倒3叶长,宽以及张角(茎秆和叶片平直部分的夹角)与稻谷产量及其构成因素密切相关。尤其以齐穗期高效LAI、倒2叶宽、剑叶长与产量相关性达极显著水平(r=0.910^(**)~0.927^(**))。【结论】增加齐穗期高效LAI(6.04~7.19),并注重协同提高剑叶长(34.17~42.17 cm)与倒2叶宽(1.67~1.93 cm),是机械直播杂交籼稻高产的共性规律。

叶缘深裂刻甘蓝型油菜‘赣裂油杂1号’选育及配套栽培技术

为拓宽油菜种质遗传基础、创制性状优异的新种质以及培育高产、优质、高抗油菜新品种,江西省农业科学院作物研究所利用油菜与蔊菜远缘杂交创制叶缘深裂刻不育系、保持系与恢复系并配制杂交组合,经过多年鉴定筛选育成油菜新品种‘赣裂油杂1号’。该品种具有高产、高含油量、优质、抗病、耐密植、耐渍、抗旱等优良特性。区域试验中‘赣裂油杂1号’平均产量1872.30 kg/hm^(2),比对照‘中油杂12号’增产1.90%;平均产油量841.80 kg/hm^(2),比对照‘中油杂12号’增产3.46%。适宜江西及长江中游油菜产区种植,作为高含油量、耐密植新型叶缘深裂刻甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种,具有广阔的开发应用前景。

番茄新品种园粉2号的选育

园粉2号是以M07-11-306为母本、F08-11-539为父本杂交选育而成的番茄新品种。该品种中晚熟,属无限生长型,植株生长势较强,节间较短;果实圆形,幼果有绿色果肩,成熟果粉红色,单果质量230.75 g,果实硬度较好,果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)7.02%,风味好,商品性好;667 m^(2)产量10000 kg左右;抗烟草花叶病毒病(TMV,Tobacco mosaic virus)、黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV,Cucumber mosaic virus)。适宜于山西省春季设施栽培。2020年7月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉丰优3号的选育及制种技术

嘉丰优3号是嘉兴市农业科学研究院联合中国水稻研究所、浙江可得丰种业有限公司,以嘉禾112A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与G1143(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、中抗稻瘟病等优势,于2021年4月通过浙江审定(浙审稻2021019),2021—2023年先后通过了江西省[(赣)引种〔2021〕第001号]、安徽省(皖引稻2021066)、福建省[(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号]、湖北省(鄂引种2022055)的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中稻种植。文章介绍了嘉丰优3号的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉禾优7245的选育及制种技术

嘉禾优7245是中国水稻研究所联合嘉兴市农业科学研究院等多家单位,以嘉禾212A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与中恢7245(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、抗倒伏等优势,于2017年7月通过国家审定(国审稻20170064),2020—2022年先后通过了广西壮族自治区(桂审稻2020220号)、广西壮族自治区晚稻(桂审稻2022093号)、江西省(赣审稻20210016)的品种审定,2022年通过福建省:(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中、晚稻种植。文章介绍了嘉禾优7245的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

杂交晚粳稻新品种的灰色综合评判筛选

对30个杂交晚粳稻新品种进行单晚栽培筛选,并用灰色综合评判法对8项性状进行综合评判,结果表明:甬优1540、甬优12等10个品种的灰色综合评判值(G)>0.65,为优等品种;甬优69、甬优15等11个品种的G介于0.60~0.65,为良等品种;甬优7826、甬优1516等9个品种的G<0.60,为差等品种。据此,提出甬优1540、甬优12、甬优7850等10个综合性状优良品种可在浙北嘉兴生产应用。

辣椒新品种皇鼎一号的选育

皇鼎一号是以自交系ZYL0115-5-3-1-1为母本、ZYL0501-2-7-2为父本杂交选育而成的杂交1代辣椒新品种。植株生长势较强,连续坐果能力强。第一花着生节位10节左右,中早熟。果实粗长羊角形,青熟果浅黄绿色,老熟果红色,商品性好。果实纵径23~33 cm、横径5.0 cm左右,单果质量80~120 g;果实维生素C含量(w,后同)108.0 mg·100 g^(-1),可溶性固形物含量4.8%,辣椒素含量0.21%。抗病毒病、炭疽病,中抗疫病。抗逆性强,较耐低温弱光。667 m^(2)产量4200~5000 kg,适宜在河南、云南、陕西、浙江、贵州、江苏、安徽、河北等省保护地及露地栽培。2019年1月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

长沙县杂交中稻品种筛选试验

为筛选出适合长沙县气候条件的高产杂交中稻品种,以臻两优5438、宸两优665、青香优261等15个中稻品种和Y两优1号(对照品种)为试验材料,2023年在长沙县春华镇龙王庙村开展品种筛选试验。结果表明:参试品种中有4个品种表现优异,与Y两优1号(CK)比较,其产量增幅均大于5%,其中珂两优1019产量最高,达10561.5 kg/hm^(2),比CK增产16.7%,其全生育期130 d;玮两优7713产量位居第2,为10522.5 kg/hm^(2),其全生育期128 d;两优5077产量排第3,为9882.0 kg/hm^(2);卓两优1126产量位居第4,为9534.0 kg/hm^(2)。综合生育期、产量、主要农艺性状和抗性等指标,珂两优1019、玮两优7713、两优5077和卓两优1126适宜在长沙县推广种植。

几个中原牡丹品种自交、杂交及开放性授粉研究

为了充分掌握中原牡丹的开花授粉和结实习性,分析其育种利用价值,更好地为牡丹新品种培育提供参考。试验选取有一定育性的‘满园春光’、‘红斑白’和‘亭亭玉立’等11个中原牡丹品种为试材,分析自交、杂交、开放性授粉等不同方式的结实情况研究,结果表明:中原牡丹品种自交也有微量的结实,异花高于自花结实率,自交自花为0.31粒/朵,自交异花为0.76粒/朵;不同授粉方式下,人工杂交的结实率(9.4粒/朵)和坐果率(90%)均高于开放性授粉和自交;平均种子干重均在0.31~0.36g/粒,种子干重最大的为杂交组合‘彩菊×蝴蝶飞舞’(0.5875 g/粒)。说明中原牡丹授粉方式是以异花授粉为主,人工定向杂交可有效提高其结实率。