Optimization of Control Loops and Operating Parameters for Three-Phase Separators Used in Oilfield Central Processing Facilities

In this study,the Stokes formula is used to analyze the separation effect of three-phase separators used in a Oilfield Central Processing Facility.The considered main influencing factors include(but are not limited to)the typical size of oil and water droplets,the residence time and temperature of fluid and the dosage of demulsifier.Using the“Specification for Oil and Gas Separators”as a basis,the control loops and operating parameters of each separator are optimized Considering the Halfaya Oilfield as a testbed,it is shown that the proposed approach can lead to good results in the production stage.

Speed Regulation Method Using Genetic Algorithm for Dual Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Dual three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(DTP-PMSM)is a nonlinear,strongly coupled,high-order multivariable system.In today’s application scenarios,it is difficult for traditional PI controllers to meet the requirements of fast response,high accuracy and good robustness.In order to improve the performance of DTP-PMSM speed regulation system,a control strategy of PI controller based on genetic algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the basic mathematical model of DTP-PMSM is established,and the PI parameters of DTP-PMSM speed regulation system are optimized by genetic algorithm,and the modeling and simulation experiments of DTP-PMSM control system are carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK.The simulation results show that,compared with the traditional PI control,the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the control system,and the speed output overshoot of the GA-PI speed control system is smaller.The anti-interference ability is stronger,and the torque and double three-phase current output fluctuations are smaller.

Control strategy of LCL-type three-phase photovoltaic grid connected inverter

The grid-connected inverter with LCL filter has the ability of easily attenuating high-frequency current harmonics. However, its suppression effect on the background harmonics in grid voltage is limited. A control strategy is presented, which is composed of an inner loop of capacitor current feedforward, an outer loop of grid-current feedforward and feedforward of grid voltage. The limitations and steps of parameters design for LCL filter are analyzed. Meanwhile, the capacitor current loop is employed to damp the resonant peak caused by the LCL filter and enhance the stability. The properties of different controllers are analyzed and compared, thereinto quasi-proportional-rasonant (PR) controller realizes the control with zero steady-state error of AC variables in static coordinates. In order to suppress the current distortion effected by the background harmonics in grid voltage, the feed-forward function is calculated for the grid-connected inverter with an LCL filter. After simplifying the block diagram, a full-feedforward control strategy for grid voltage is proposed. Theoretical analysis and Matlab/Simulink simulation results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high steady accuracy, fast dynamic response and strong robustness.

Comparative Study of Linear and Non-Linear Controls of Three-Phase Shunt Active Filters for Improving the Quality of Electrical Energy

The aim of this work is to comparatively study two types of control of a three-phase shunt active filter (TSAF) in order to realize a system of depollution of electrical networks so as to improve the quality of electrical energy. We used two TSA control models which differ in the method of disturbed currents detection, one linear and the other non-linear. The results show that the non-linear control method, although with high calculation blocks, gives more promising results than the linear control method. When connecting a non-linear load (televisions, lamps, variable speed drives, etc.) directly to the public distribution network, the non-linear nature of the load causes the source current to be deformed due to the presence of harmonic currents and voltages. These harmonics thus generate a high reactive power, and therefore considerable electrical losses in the network. One of the solutions to reduce losses on the electricity grid is to incorporate an electronic circuit called a filter into the electricity grid. This work carried out a comparative study of two types of control of a three-phase shunt active filter (TSAF) in order to carry out a system for cleaning up electricity networks in order to improve the quality of electrical energy. We used two TSA control models that differ in the method of detecting disturbed currents, one linear and the other non-linear. The results show that the non-linear control method, although with high calculation blocks, gives better results than the linear control method.

Sliding mode control of three-phase AC/DC converters using exponential rate reaching law

Sliding mode control(SMC) becomes a common tool in designing robust nonlinear control systems, due to its inherent characteristics such as insensitivity to system uncertainties and fast dynamic response.Two modes are involved in the SMC operation, namely reaching mode and sliding mode.In the reaching mode, the system state is forced to reach the sliding surface in a finite time.The major drawback of the SMC approach is the occurrence of chattering in the sliding mode, which is undesirable in most applications.Generally, the trade-off between chattering reduction and fast reaching time must be considered in the conventional SMC design.This paper proposes SMC design with a novel reaching law called the exponential rate reaching law(ERRL) to reduce chattering, and the control structure of the converter is designed based on the multiinput SMC that is applied to a three-phase AC/DC power converter.The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

Predictive direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifier based on TOGI grid voltage sensor free algorithm

In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)is used to generate orthogonal signals with the same frequency to estimate the grid voltage.In addition,in view of the deviation between actual and reference power in the three-phase PWM rectifier traditional PDPC strategy,a power correction link is designed to correct the power reference value.The grid voltage sensor free algorithm based on TOGI and the corrected PDPC strategy are applied to three-phase PWM rectifier and simulated on the simulation platform.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the power tracking deviation and the grid voltage.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation results.

Vector Control of Three-Phase Solar Farm Converters Based on Fictive-Axis Emulation

In this paper,a new method for adjusting the current of three-phase voltage source DC-AC converter in orthogonal(DQ)reference frame is presented.In the DQ reference system,AC variable appears in the constant form of DC,making the controller design the same as the DC-DC converter[1].It provides controllable gain benefits at the steady-state operating point,and finally realizes zero steady-state error[2].In addition,the creative analytical model is dedicated to building up a series of virtual quantities orthogonal to the actual single-phase system.In general,orthogonal imaginary numbers get the reference signal by delaying the real quantity by a quarter period.However,the introduction of such time delay makes the dynamic response of the system worse.In this paper,orthogonal quantities are generated from a virtual axis system parallel to the real axis,which can effectively improve the dynamic performance of traditional methods without increasing the complexity of controller structure.Through PSCAD simulation,the ideal experimental results are obtained.

Finite Set-Model Predictive Current Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for RES （Renewable Energy Systems） Applications

This paper focuses on a combination of three-phase VSI （voltage source inverter） with a predictive current control to provide an optimized system for three-phase inverters that control the load current. A FS-MPC （finite set-model predictive control） strategy for a three-phase VSI for RES （renewable energy systems） applications is implemented. The renewable energy systems model is used in this paper to investigate the system performance when power is supplied to resistive-inductive load. With three different cases, the evaluation of the system is done. Firstly, the robustness of control strategy under variable DC-Link is done in terms of the THD （total harmonic distortion）. Secondly, with one prediction step, the system performance is tested using different sampling time, and lastly, the dynamic response of the system with step change in the amplitude of the reference is investigated. The simulations and result analyses are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to test the effectiveness and robustness of FS-MPC for two-level VSI with AC filter for resistive-inductive load supplied by a renewable energy system.

Finite control set model predictive control of three-port converter for interfacing a PV-battery energy storage system to a three-phase stand-alone AC system

This paper proposes a multiport bidirectional non-isolated converter topology that provides advantages in terms of simultaneous multiple operations,single-stage conversion,high power density and reduced power losses due to the lower number of switches.The proposed multiport converter uses a centralized non-linear controller known as a finite control set model predictive controller to manage the flow of power between different ports.It deals with the parallel operation of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems for stand-alone alternating current(AC)systems.The converter connects the lower voltage battery to the photovoltaic port using a bidirectional buck/boost converter and the photovoltaic port is linked to the stand-alone AC load through a three-phase full-bridge inverter.Each leg of the three-phase converter will act as a bidirectional direct current(DC)/DC converter as well as an inverter simultaneously.Only six switches manage the power transfer between all the connected ports of photovoltaic-battery energy storage system linked to the stand-alone AC load.The proposed multiport converter is mathematically modelled and controlled by a finite control set model predictive controller.The system is validated in simulation(1-kW rating)and experimental environment(200-W rating).The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory and the controller is implemented on the field-programmable gate array board.Two independent case studies are carried out to validate the efficacy of the system.The first scenario is for a change in solar irradiance,while the second scenario is for a change in the output load.

The Research of Three-phase Boost/Buck-boost DC-AC Inverter

This paper presents a new inverter based on three-phase Boost/Buck-boost single-stage inverter. The basic configuration of the new topology and their fundamental principle are firstly introduced, the method of design double-loop controller and sliding mode controller are clarified, analyzed and compared in the following. Finally the validity and feasibility of the new topology are tested by simulation. The results indicate that regulation of the voltage transfer ratio and output frequency can be realized optionally by the new converter, furthermore the harmonic distortion of waveform is low. So the inherent drawback of low voltage transfer ratio of traditional converter is effectively settled. This study may provide inspiration for further engineering application.

The improved PAC method for a three-phase PWM grid-connected inverter

In this paper, a vector regulating principle of the phase and amplitude control PAC method for three-phase grid-connected inverters is presented.To solve the problem of heavy inrush current and slow dynamic response when system starts up, the starting voltage prediction control and the current feed-forward control are proposed and used, which improve the dynamic performance of the system in the PAC.The experimental results carried out on a three-phase grid-connected inverter proved the validity of the proposed method.

Relevant Factors to a Statistical Analysis of Overvoltages - Application to Three-Phase Reclosing of Compensated Transmission Lines

This paper describes the statistical study of important factors that influences transient over voltages resulting from three-phase reclosing of shunt compensated transmission lines. These factors include the model used for transmission line representation and the influence of line transposition. Additionally, the over voltages reduction to proper levels depending on the type of control technique are illustrated and analyzed in statistical terms. The evaluation covers three shunt compensation degrees. The digital simulations were performed using the PSCAD/EMTDC software.

FCS-MPC for four-switch three-phase AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing

Due to the decrease in the number of switches for the four-switch three-phase alternating current-direct current(FSTP AC-DC)converter,it can easily lead to DC-link capacitor voltage imbalance and the system stability reduction.In order to solve these problems,a finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)for FSTP AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing is proposed.In this strategy,in order to facilitate calculation,theαβcoordinate system model is established and all voltage vectors are evaluated by establishing a cost function.During the whole process,phase locked loop(PLL)and complex modulation strategy are not required.In the new established cost function,the additional objective term of suppressing capacitor voltage fluctuation is to eliminate effectively the capacitor voltages oscillations and deviations and improve the system reliability.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can keep the capacitor voltage balancing and has good dynamic and static performance.

Fault-tolerant stator flux oriented decoupling control for dual three-phase permanent magnet motor without diagnosis and reconfiguration

In this paper,the fault-tolerant capability of the existing stator-flux-oriented decoupling control(SFOC)for the DTP-PM motor is investigated,and a simple fault-tolerant SFOC is further designed to enhance fault tolerance.Firstly,the mathematical model of the DTP-PM motor in the stator-flux-oriented rotating coordinate system is analyzed.An SFOC is proposed to guarantee healthy operation performance,considering torque,flux linkage,and harmonic currents.Secondly,the coupling relationship under open-phase conditions is assessed.The assessed result shows that the coupling relationship between the harmonic and fundamental components results in conflicts and poor post-fault operation.Thirdly,the proposed SFOC includes an automatic deactivation module to detect conflicts with a variable threshold.The conflicted harmonic current controllers can be excluded automatically.Hence,fault-tolerant control can be remedied without diagnosing the specific fault scenario,and excellent faulttolerant capability can be achieved.Finally,experiments on a DTP-PM motor are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Robust Dichotomy Solution-Based Model Predictive Control for the Grid-Connected Inverters with Disturbance Observer

This paper proposes a robust dichotomy-based model predictive control(DS-MPC)with a fixed switching frequency for the grid-connected inverter(GCI).The proposed fast dichotomy algorithm can select and deduce the optimal voltage vector dynamically through the space vector plane.Therefore,the proposed DS-MPC strategy could ensure dynamic performance and steady-state performance as well.Also,the current control robustness can be improved through DS-MPC with disturbance observer(DO)based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF).The novelty of this control is that the current control with fast dynamic response can be realized in the weak grid,even if the grid voltages are greatly distorted.Simulation and hardware experiments on the weak grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed DS-MPC with the EKF observer approach.

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

Traffic flow velocity disturbance characteristics and control strategy at the bottleneck of expressway

In the three-phase traffic flow studies, the traffic flow characteristic at the bottleneck section is a hot spot in the academic field. The controversy about the characteristics of the synchronized flow at bottleneck is also the main contradiction between the three-phase traffic flow theory and the traditional traffic flow theory. Under the framework of three-phase traffic flow theory, this paper takes the on-ramp as an example to discuss the traffic flow characteristics at the bottleneck section.In particular, this paper mainly conducts the micro-analysis to the effect of lane change under the two lane conditions, as well as the effect of the on-ramp on the main line traffic flow. It is found that when the main road flow is low, the greater the on-ramp inflow rate, the higher the average speed of the whole road section. As the probability of vehicles entering from the on-ramp increases, the flow and the average speed of the main road are gradually stabilized, and then the on-ramp inflow vehicles no longer have a significant impact on the traffic flow. In addition, this paper focuses on the velocity disturbance generated at the on-ramp, and proposes the corresponding on-ramp control strategy based on it, and the simulation verified that the control strategy can reasonably control the traffic flow by the on-ramp, which can meet the control strategy requirements to some extent.

Dual-loop Control Strategy for Grid-connected Inverter with LCL Filter

As to the concrete topology of three-phase LCL type grid-connected inverter with damping resistance, mathematical model was deduced in detail, using method of equivalent transformation to the structure diagram, damping resistance was virtualized, mathematical model under the DQ frame that can realize decoupling control was established, a dual-loop control strategy for grid-connected inverter with LCL filter was proposed, the system stability was analyzed and the design method of controller was given. The proposed method overcame the flaws of loss increase, efficiency reduce and cost increase which were caused by damping resistance in LCL type grid-connected inverter, the system efficiency and power supply quality of the output were improved. Feasibility and effectiveness of the new method were validated by simulation and experimental results.

Research on a New Control Strategy of Three Phase Inverter for Unbalanced Loads

One of the very important functions of three-phase inverter is to maintain the symmetric three-phase output voltage when the three-phase loads are unbalanced. Although the traditional symmetrical component decomposing and superimpose theory can keep the voltage balance through compensating the positive-, negative- and zero-sequence components of the output voltage of inverter, however, this method is time-consuming and not suitable for control. Aiming at high power medium frequency inverter source, a P+Resonant (Proportion and Resonant) controller which ensured a balanced three phase output voltage under unbalanced load is proposed in this paper. The regulator was proved to be applicable to both three-phase three-wire system and three-phase four-wire system and developed two methods of realization. The simulation results verified that this method can suppressed effectively the output voltage distorted caused by the unbalanced load and attained a high quality voltage waveforms.

Grid-Connected PV Solar Energy Converter with Active and Reactive Power Control

This work proposes a 12 kW three-phase grid-connected single stage PWM DC-AC converter destined to process the energy provided by a photovoltaic array composed of 57 KC200GT PV modules with high power factor for any solar radiation. The PWM inverter modeling and the control strategy, using dqO transformation, are proposed in order to also allow the system operation as an active power filter, capable to compensate harmonic components and react power generated by the non-linear loads connected to the mains grid. An input voltage clamping technique is proposed to impose the photovoltaic operation on the maximum power point. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed methodology for grid connected photovoltaic generation system.