Coordinated Control of Parallel Three-phase Four-wire Converters in Autonomous AC Microgrids

The coordinated control of parallel three-phase fourwire converters in autonomous AC microgrids is investigated in this paper.First,based on droop control,virtual impedance is inserted in positive-,negative-and zero-sequences to enhance system damping and imbalance power sharing.Then,to facilitate virtual impedance design,small signal models of the three-sequence equivalent circuits are established respectively.Corresponding indexes are proposed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of sequence virtual impedance on current sharing accuracy,voltage quality at the point of common coupling(PCC)and system stability.In addition,constraint of DClink voltage is also considered to avoid over modulation when subjected to unbalanced loads.Furthermore,to address the PCC voltage degradation resulting from virtual impedance,a voltage imbalance compensation method,based on low-bandwidth communication,is proposed.Finally,simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the correctness of the theory model,indicating that the proposed method can achieve PCC voltage restoration while guaranteeing the current sharing accuracy with desirable dynamics.

Phenomena at three-phase electroslag remelting

The electroslag remelting(ESR)process is widely used to produce high-quality ingots and billets for high-alloyed steels and alloys.Both the single-phase and three-phase alternating current diagram with bifilar and monofilar connection are in use for heavy ingot manufacturing.The numerical simulation of the three-phase bifilar circuit for the 120 t three-phase bifilar six-electrode ESR furnace at different variants of electric connection was presented and discussed.At the bifilar diagram of power supply,the geometrical location of electrodes in a mould holds critical importance for performances:the close location of bifilar pair electrodes provides the highest heat productivity,but the equidistant location of electrodes gives a much more uniform heat distribution.The monofilar mulit-electrode diagram of three-phase connection without phase shift shows the most uniform distribution of potential and heat generation as well as a favorable magnetic field that makes this kind the most promising for providing a high quality of heavy ingots.

整流电路对谐波及零序电流的影响研究

谐波电流是影响配电系统安全运行的主要因素之一。然而整流电路是主要的谐波源,不同的整流结构产生的谐波电流在大小和次数上均不相同,另外由于整流电路的电流具有脉动的特点,在三相四线系统中容易产生较大的零序电流。文章就三相四线系统针对三路单相整流电路、两路整流电路、单路整流电路及三相全桥整流电路进行仿真研究,结果表明三路单相整流电路在产生谐波电流的同时,还产生很大的零序电流;而三相全桥整流电路仅产生谐波电流,并不会产生零序电流。并于实际配电系统进行测试,实际测试结果与仿真结果一致。

Analysis on Circulating Current and Split Capacitor Voltage Balance for Modular Multilevel Converter Based Three-phase Four-wire Split Capacitor DSTATCOM

We propose a modular multilevel converter(MMC)based three-phase four-wire(3P4W)split capacitor distribution static synchronous compensator(DSTATCOM),aiming at compensating unbalanced and reactive load currents.Due to the zero-sequence current compensation,the circulating current char-acteristics of 3P4W MMC-DSTATCOM are different from conventional MMCs.Moreover,the distinct working principle of IMMC would affect the features of split capacitor voltage.The decoupled positive-,negative-and zero-sequence second-order and DC components of the circulating current are deduced explicitly.Two proportional-integral controllers with dual dq transformation are employed to suppress the positive-and negative-sequence components of second-order circulating current,while quasi proportional-resonance controller is designed to eliminate the zero-sequence component.Besides,the phenomenon of the unbalanced split capacitor voltages is revealed,and fast-tracking balancing method by controlling zero-sequence current flowing through the split capacitors is provided.Digital simulation results verify the accuracy of the analysis and the feasibility of the suppression methods.

Zero Sequence Voltage and Current Control in Four-wire Grids-fed by Grid-forming Inverters

Low voltage three-phase four-wire AC distribution grids may experience high neutral current,mainly caused by asymmetrical distribution of single-phase loads in three phases.High neutral current will not only increase line losses but also result in neutral potential variations.For the LV AC distribution grid established by a grid-forming inverter(e.g.,uninterruptible power supply and solid-state-transformer),it also suffers from the same neutral current issues.Therefore,this paper comparatively studies several neutral current control approaches and their impacts on grid voltage balance,which is required by grid code.Then,this paper proposes an optimal neutral current control approach,which can obtain maximum neutral current suppression with less impact on grid voltage balance.The correctness of the theoretical analysis is validated through both simulation and experimental results.

三相四线制有源电力滤波器开路故障诊断

为提高四线制有源电力滤波器系统(active power filter,APF)运行可靠性,提出一种适用于三相四线制三桥臂三电平并联型APF的故障诊断算法。通过分析APF交流侧输出电压的数学模型,建立APF各相交流侧输出电压与相应IGBT导通占空比间的对应关系;通过正常状态和故障状态下输出电压与对应IGBT导通占空比间对应关系的不同诊断出开路故障,并根据故障状态下的电流路径进一步定位故障位置。该方法能够适用于单管及多管的开路故障诊断,具有很好的快速性和较高的可靠性,且适用于系统的动态响应过程。仿真和实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

三相四线制电路中两功率表法计量误差分析

由于两功率表法不能测量三相四线制电路中的零序功率,采用此法将少计量功率,这早已为许多从事电量测试和计量的人员所认识。但在实际测量中,有可能比实际功率多计量,也可能比实际功率少计量。文中以火铺火电厂的110 kV升压变压器为例,通过现场实测数据,并对测量的数据进行分析,判断正负测量误差。通过分析该测量方式带来的测量误差来规范测量回路,减小关口电能表的测量误差,对电力企业、电力设计单位、施工单位都有着极为重要的意义。

基于单周控制的四桥臂三相四线制有源电力滤波器的研究

为了将单周控制方法用于三相四线制系统,本文提出将四桥臂三相四线制有源电力滤波器的主电路分为三相桥和N相半桥两个独立的子电路,并分别对其采用单周控制。三相桥的单周控制方程及控制电路与三相三线系统相同;通过对电路的分析着重推出了N相半桥电路的单周控制方程和控制电路。最后进行了整体电路的仿真研究。仿真结果表明:采用该方法电路简单,不仅可以有效地补偿系统的三相谐波电流,还可以补偿中线电流,在三相四线制系统中有一定的应用前景。

基于耦合电感的三相四线制并联有源电力滤波器

针对传统并联型有源电力滤波器(SAPF)输出滤波器采用非耦合的3个单相电感结构而增大装置体积和成本的问题,提出一种含有耦合电感和中性线滤波电感的三相四线制SAPF结构.通过推导带有辅助绕组的三相三柱耦合电感在正序、负序和零序下的等效模型,得出系统的去耦等效电路,并根据控制对象设计控制器.在主要工况下进行仿真,与传统三相四线制SAPF进行对比.仿真结果验证了该系统还具有稳态补偿精度高,中性线开关纹波抑制能力强,动态性能好的特点;实验结果也验证了该系统结构是可行的.

实现三相四线制供电系统中性线断线保护智能装置的研究

阐述了三相四线制供电系统中性线断线后线路末端电压变化的数学模型;分析了中性线断线引起的严重危害。最后,根据交流电路的数学模型研发了一种智能保护装置作为中性线断线保护设备,并详细说明了智能保护装置的功能特点。

三相四线制电路中采用两功率表法计量引起的计量误差分析

由于两功率表法不能测量三相四线制电路中的零序功率,采用此法将少计量功率,这早已为许多从事电量测试和计量的人员所认识。但在实际测量中,在三相四线制电路中采用两功率表法计量,有可能比实际功率多计量,也可能比实际功率少计量。以火铺火电厂的110 kV升压变压器为例,通过分析该测量方式带来的测量误差来规范测量回路,减小关口电能表的测量误差,对电力企业、电力设计单位、施工单位都有着极为重要的意义。

100kVA三相四线有源电力滤波器的研制

三相四线配电网的谐波电流、三相不平衡和中性线电流过大问题比较普遍,三相四线SAPF是解决这些问题的理想方案。基于改进的FBD法的三相四线SAPF指令电流检测算法,能够将负载电流分解成基波各相序和单次谐波电流。应用该算法设计并实现了基于4桥臂主电路结构,容量为100kVA(输出电流150A)的SAPF样机,搭建了大容量实验环境,对该装置性能进行了实验验证并给出了结果。实验结果证明装置原理的可行性,对谐波电流、负序电流和零序电流补偿效果非常明显。

电容滤波型三相四线桥式整流电路的电压分析

本文对电容滤波型三相四线桥式整流电路的输出电压进行了分析。在考虑了网侧和中线电感影响的条件下,通过对整流过程的分析列解出方程组,进行了数值计算并绘制出整流电压波形。然后由仿真和实验验证了理论分析的正确性。通过和传统三相桥式整流电路比较,证明了该电路在改善输出电压品质方面的作用。

叶圣陶教学思想对当前教改的借鉴意义

叶老主张“‘教’都是为了达到用不着‘教’”,这就是他的“学导”思想。叶老对教师的教、学生的学进行了多方面的表述 ,他的教学思想可以概括为 :变教为学 ;变授为导 ;变知为力 ;变形为效。

基于平均模型的三相四线制逆变器多管开路故障诊断

为了在不增加额外硬件电路的情况下,实现三相四线制逆变器多管开路故障快速准确的诊断,提出了一种基于平均模型及误差自适应阈值的方法。该方法通过计算平均桥臂中点电压实际值和期望值的偏差,来进行故障检测和定位。利用平均模型,只需要对系统内已有的信号做简单的计算,避免了增加额外的硬件电路和软件负担。此外,误差自适应诊断阈值用于消除死区、延时、采样误差和电感偏差等因素的影响,保证了高鲁棒性和速度。应用该方法,诊断时间最快只需2个开关周期。最后实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

浅谈漏电断路器在三相电动机缺相电路中的应用

通过对电工实习教学过程中所遇到的三相电路缺相而损坏电动机线圈的现象,对其保护电路进行对比分析,利用现有的元器件,改变保护电路的接法,使其电路更有效的快速达到保护电动机的目的。

三相四线制中性线的作用及断线保护

在三相四线制供电系统中 ,中性线是非常重要的 .若发生中性线断线 ,在负荷不对称的情况下将使三相负荷端电压不正常 ,负荷不能正常工作 ,严重时将损坏用电设备 .

Simulation Research on a SVPWM Control Algorithm for a Four-Leg Active Power Filter

In this paper the topology of a four-leg shunt active-power filter (APF) is given. The APF compensates har-monic and reactive power in a three-phase four-wire system. The scheme adopted for control of the four-leg active power filter,a 3-Dimensional Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique,is presented. The theoretical deduction of a space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm is given in this paper. The paper also analyzes the distribution of the volt-age-space vector of the four-leg converter in αβγ coordinates and describes methods to determine the location of the voltage-space vector and to calculate duration time. Finally,the algorithm is implemented in simulation; the results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the three phase-current waveforms is reduced. The neutral wire current,after compensation,is about 0 A showing that the topology of the four-leg shunt APF is feasible and the proposed scheme is effective.

便携式低压台区综合配电箱三相四线短路接地线的研制

本课题研制了一种便携式低压台区综合配电箱三相四线短路接地线,能够便于工作人员在低压台区综合配电箱内装设接地线,避免因空间狭窄导致的接地线导线端之间发生误碰短路,进一步保证低压停电工作的安全。

三相四线制中线断线保护电路

介绍了在三相四线制供电系统中，中线的作用，断线的危害，以及一种简单可靠的断线保护电路。