There are two major protective methods against lightning outages on overhead distribution lines.One is a surge arrester,and the other is an overhead ground wire.The surge arresters have rather constant effect regardle...There are two major protective methods against lightning outages on overhead distribution lines.One is a surge arrester,and the other is an overhead ground wire.The surge arresters have rather constant effect regardless of the cause of the lightning outage.On the other hand,the effect of an overhead ground wire is quite different in two major causes,the direct lightning hit and the induced overvoltage.It is sufficient to provide surge arresters with an interval of 300 m for protection against the induced overvoltage caused by the nearby lightning stroke.Use of an overhead ground wire together with surge arresters is effective for lightning protection against the direct lightning hit to a distribution line.Puncture of surge arresters is the popular outage when the outage caused by the insulation break decreases sufficiently.Also,the existence of nearby trees leads to the line break due to the side flash from a tree.Advanced lightning protection equipment with ZnO arrester components is popular in Japan.Modeling of a pole transformer and application of an electromagnetic analysis method,such as FDTD method,to surge phenomena is considerably advanced.展开更多
This work is carried out to predict the special distribution of electric field induced by multi-circuit intersecting overhead high-voltage (HV) transmission lines (TLs) within a large range without any expensive and t...This work is carried out to predict the special distribution of electric field induced by multi-circuit intersecting overhead high-voltage (HV) transmission lines (TLs) within a large range without any expensive and time-consuming computation. The two main parts of the presented methodology are 1) setting up a three-dimensional (3D) model to calculate the electric field based on combining ca- tenary equations with charge simulation method and 2) calculating the hybrid electric field excited by multi-circuit intersecting TLs using coordinate transformation and superposition technique. Examples of different TLs configurations, including a 220 kV single-circuit hori- zontally configured TLs, a 500 kV single-circuit triangularly configured TLs and a combination of the 220 kV TLs and the 550 kV TLs, are illustrated to verify the validity of this methodology. A more complicatal configurations, including a 500 kV double-circuit TLs and two 220 kV single-circuit horizontally configured TLs, are also calculated. Conclusions were drawn from the simulation: 1) The presented 3D model outperforms 2D models in describing the electric field distribution generated by practical HV TLs with sag and span. 2) Coordinate trans- formation and superposition technique considerably simplify the electric field computation for multi-circuit TLs configurations, which makes it possible to deal with complex engineering problems. 3) The electric field in the area covered by multiple intersecting overhead TLs is distorted and the hybrid electric field strength in some partial region increases so sharply that it might exceed the admissible value. 4) The configuration parameters of the TLs and the spatial configuration of multi-circuit TLs, for instance, the height of TLs, the length of span and the intersection angle of multiple circuits, influence the strength and the distribution of hybrid electric field. The influence regularities sum- marized in this paper can be referred by future TL designs to meet the electromagnetic environmental protection regulations.展开更多
A distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer(Φ-OTDR)enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating(FBG)array is presented and investigated experimentally...A distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer(Φ-OTDR)enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating(FBG)array is presented and investigated experimentally for monitoring the galloping of overhead transmission lines.The chirped FBG array enhanced Φ-OTDR sensing system can be used to measure the galloping behavior of the overhead transmission lines(optical phase conductor or optical power ground wire),which are helpful for monitoring the frequency response characteristics of the ice-induced galloping,evaluating the motion tendencies of these cables,and avoiding the risk of flashover during galloping.The feasibility of the proposed online monitoring system is demonstrated through a series of experiments at the Special Optical Fiber Cable Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China(Beijing,China).Results show that the proposed system is effective and reliable for the monitoring of galloping shape and characteristic frequency,which can predict the trend of destructive vibration behavior and avoid the occurrence of cable breaking and tower toppling accidents,and these features are essential for the safety operation in smart grids.展开更多
文摘There are two major protective methods against lightning outages on overhead distribution lines.One is a surge arrester,and the other is an overhead ground wire.The surge arresters have rather constant effect regardless of the cause of the lightning outage.On the other hand,the effect of an overhead ground wire is quite different in two major causes,the direct lightning hit and the induced overvoltage.It is sufficient to provide surge arresters with an interval of 300 m for protection against the induced overvoltage caused by the nearby lightning stroke.Use of an overhead ground wire together with surge arresters is effective for lightning protection against the direct lightning hit to a distribution line.Puncture of surge arresters is the popular outage when the outage caused by the insulation break decreases sufficiently.Also,the existence of nearby trees leads to the line break due to the side flash from a tree.Advanced lightning protection equipment with ZnO arrester components is popular in Japan.Modeling of a pole transformer and application of an electromagnetic analysis method,such as FDTD method,to surge phenomena is considerably advanced.
基金Project supported by Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology (2007DA1051271 2204), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality (cstc201 ljjA20009).
文摘This work is carried out to predict the special distribution of electric field induced by multi-circuit intersecting overhead high-voltage (HV) transmission lines (TLs) within a large range without any expensive and time-consuming computation. The two main parts of the presented methodology are 1) setting up a three-dimensional (3D) model to calculate the electric field based on combining ca- tenary equations with charge simulation method and 2) calculating the hybrid electric field excited by multi-circuit intersecting TLs using coordinate transformation and superposition technique. Examples of different TLs configurations, including a 220 kV single-circuit hori- zontally configured TLs, a 500 kV single-circuit triangularly configured TLs and a combination of the 220 kV TLs and the 550 kV TLs, are illustrated to verify the validity of this methodology. A more complicatal configurations, including a 500 kV double-circuit TLs and two 220 kV single-circuit horizontally configured TLs, are also calculated. Conclusions were drawn from the simulation: 1) The presented 3D model outperforms 2D models in describing the electric field distribution generated by practical HV TLs with sag and span. 2) Coordinate trans- formation and superposition technique considerably simplify the electric field computation for multi-circuit TLs configurations, which makes it possible to deal with complex engineering problems. 3) The electric field in the area covered by multiple intersecting overhead TLs is distorted and the hybrid electric field strength in some partial region increases so sharply that it might exceed the admissible value. 4) The configuration parameters of the TLs and the spatial configuration of multi-circuit TLs, for instance, the height of TLs, the length of span and the intersection angle of multiple circuits, influence the strength and the distribution of hybrid electric field. The influence regularities sum- marized in this paper can be referred by future TL designs to meet the electromagnetic environmental protection regulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61775173,61975157,and 52071245)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(Research on the basic technology of the next generation intelligent optical cable based on grating array fiber sensor,Grant No.5442XX190009).
文摘A distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer(Φ-OTDR)enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating(FBG)array is presented and investigated experimentally for monitoring the galloping of overhead transmission lines.The chirped FBG array enhanced Φ-OTDR sensing system can be used to measure the galloping behavior of the overhead transmission lines(optical phase conductor or optical power ground wire),which are helpful for monitoring the frequency response characteristics of the ice-induced galloping,evaluating the motion tendencies of these cables,and avoiding the risk of flashover during galloping.The feasibility of the proposed online monitoring system is demonstrated through a series of experiments at the Special Optical Fiber Cable Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China(Beijing,China).Results show that the proposed system is effective and reliable for the monitoring of galloping shape and characteristic frequency,which can predict the trend of destructive vibration behavior and avoid the occurrence of cable breaking and tower toppling accidents,and these features are essential for the safety operation in smart grids.