Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

Electrical characteristics of new three-phase traction power supply system for rail transit

A novel three-phase traction power supply system is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by electric phase separation in catenary and accomplish a unifying manner of traction power supply for rail transit.With the application of two-stage three-phase continuous power supply structure,the electrical characteristics exhibit new features differing from the existing traction system.In this work,the principle for voltage levels determining two-stage network is dissected in accordance with the requirements of traction network and electric locomotive.The equivalent model of three-phase traction system is built for deducing the formula of current distribution and voltage losses.Based on the chain network model of the traction network,a simulation model is established to analyze the electrical characteristics such as traction current distribution,voltage losses,system equivalent impedance,voltage distribution,voltage unbalance and regenerative energy utilization.In a few words,quite a lot traction current of about 99%is undertaken by long-section cable network.The proportion of system voltage losses is small attributed to the two-stage three-phase power supply structure,and the voltage unbal-ance caused by impedance asymmetry of traction network is less than 1‰.In addition,the utilization rate of regenerative energy for locomotive achieves a significant promotion of over 97%.

Zero-sequence Current Suppressing Strategy for Dual Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Connected with Single Neutral Point

Dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machines(DTP-PMSM)connected with a single neutral point provide a loop for zero-sequence current(ZSC).This paper proposes a novel space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)strategy to suppress the ZSC.Five vectors are selected as basic voltage vectors in one switching period.The fundamental and harmonic planes and the zero-sequence plane are taken into consideration to synthesis the reference voltage vector.To suppress the ZSC,a non-zero zero-sequence voltage(ZSV)is generated to compensate the third harmonic back-EMF.Rather than triangular carrier modulation,the sawtooth carrier modulation strategy is used to generate asymmetric PWM signals.The modulation range is investigated to explore the variation of modulation range caused by considering the zero-sequence plane.With the proposed method,the ZSC can be considerably reduced.The simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.

Three-Phase Heterojunction NiMo-Based Nano-Needle for Water Splitting at Industrial Alkaline Condition

Constructing heterojunction is an effective strategy to develop high-performance non-preciousmetal-based catalysts for electrochemical water splitting(WS).Herein,we design and prepare an N-doped-carbon-encapsulated Ni/MoO_(2) nano-needle with three-phase heterojunction(Ni/MoO_(2)@CN)for accelerating the WS under industrial alkaline condition.Density functional theory calculations reveal that the electrons are redistributed at the three-phase heterojunction interface,which optimizes the adsorption energy of H-and O-containing intermediates to obtain the best ΔG_(H*) for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and decrease the ΔG value of ratedetermining step for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),thus enhancing the HER/OER catalytic activity.Electrochemical results confirm that Ni/MoO_(2)@CN exhibits good activity for HER(ƞ_(-10)=33 mV,ƞ_(-1000)=267 mV)and OER(ƞ_(10)=250 mV,ƞ_(1000)=420 mV).It shows a low potential of 1.86 V at 1000 mA cm^(−2) for WS in 6.0 M KOH solution at 60℃ and can steadily operate for 330 h.This good HER/OER performance can be attributed to the three-phase heterojunction with high intrinsic activity and the self-supporting nano-needle with more active sites,faster mass diffusion,and bubbles release.This work provides a unique idea for designing high efficiency catalytic materials for WS.

GENERATOR VIBRATION FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD BASED ON ROTOR VIBRATION AND STATOR WINDING PARALLEL BRANCHES CIRCULATING CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS

Rotor vibration characteristics are first analyzed, which are that the rotor vibration of fundamental frequency will increase due to rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault, air-gap dynamic eccentricity fault, or imbalance fault, and the vibration of the second frequency will increase when the air-gap static eccentricity fault occurs. Next, the characteristics of the stator winding parallel branches circulating current are analyzed, which are that the second harmonics circulating current will increase when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault occurs, and the fundamental circulating current will increase when the air-gap eccentricity fault occurs, neither being strongly affected by the imbalance fault. Considering the differences of the rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics caused by different rotor faults, a method of generator vibration fault diagnosis, based on rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics, is developed. Finally, the rotor vibration and circulating current of a type SDF-9 generator is measured in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis presented above.

Vector Control of Three-Phase Solar Farm Converters Based on Fictive-Axis Emulation

In this paper,a new method for adjusting the current of three-phase voltage source DC-AC converter in orthogonal(DQ)reference frame is presented.In the DQ reference system,AC variable appears in the constant form of DC,making the controller design the same as the DC-DC converter[1].It provides controllable gain benefits at the steady-state operating point,and finally realizes zero steady-state error[2].In addition,the creative analytical model is dedicated to building up a series of virtual quantities orthogonal to the actual single-phase system.In general,orthogonal imaginary numbers get the reference signal by delaying the real quantity by a quarter period.However,the introduction of such time delay makes the dynamic response of the system worse.In this paper,orthogonal quantities are generated from a virtual axis system parallel to the real axis,which can effectively improve the dynamic performance of traditional methods without increasing the complexity of controller structure.Through PSCAD simulation,the ideal experimental results are obtained.

基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断研究

该文提出一种基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断方法。首先,建立电机的d轴等效磁路模型,分析均匀退磁故障后径向气隙磁密的变化规律;然后,获取电机的径向气隙磁密和定子电流信号,对各极下径向气隙磁密幅值进行归一化处理,并绘制雷达图,根据雷达图和比较相同定子电流幅值下健康电机和故障电机的各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值,来诊断均匀退磁故障;利用空载各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值计算故障程度。最后,仿真和实验结果均验证所提均匀退磁故障诊断方法的有效性。

转动惯量对同步电机起动及运行的影响分析

研究了转动惯量对同步电机起动及运行的影响。从转动惯量对电机起动时间、定子电流波动、阻尼绕组温升三个方面进行分析。分析结果表明:负载转动惯量越大,电机起动时间越长,电机定子电流波动越小,电机定子电流波动越小。

汽轮发电机转子匝间短路对定子热响应特性的影响

本文分析了汽轮发电机转子匝间短路故障前后定子热响应特性,不仅考虑转子匝间短路引起电压下降对发电机强励动作的影响,还研究了热分布不平衡而引起的定子力学响应。首先推导了正常情况和转子匝间短路故障后加强励磁电流下的气隙磁通密度,得到了铁心损耗和绕组铜耗的解析表达式;然后建立了发电机故障前后的三维有限元仿真模型,对不同短路程度故障下的铁心损耗、绕组铜耗与定子温度进行了求解计算;最后实测了CS-5型故障模拟发电机在正常运行和不同短路程度故障下的定子温度,实验结果与理论分析、有限元仿真结果基本一致。结果表明,转子匝间短路故障后由于励磁电流的增强,发电机铁心损耗和绕组铜耗均会增加,定子温度明显上升,并且随着短路程度的增加而加剧;定子端面边缘位置的变形和应力幅值最大并且为热响应下的危险位置。

基于对称分量法的调相机定子故障特征分析

传统同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障机理分析方法通常认为电机定子电流接近三相对称,并以此为基础建立同步调相机故障电流的数学表征。但是,一旦发生定子绕组匝间短路故障,同步调相机三相定子电流的对称性将遭到破坏,使得传统故障机理分析方法所建立的数学表征无法准确反映电机内部电气量的变化。文中通过引入对称分量法,建立故障后同步调相机瞬时有功/无功功率的数学模型,提出利用瞬时有功/无功功率中的2次谐波进行定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断。仿真和实验的结果表明:相较于利用定子电流3次谐波与基波幅值之比诊断故障的传统方法,文中方法在轻微故障状态下能提高至少7倍的诊断灵敏度,更易完成早期故障诊断。同时,所提方法中的故障特征量不受同步调相机工况和故障位置的影响,具有强鲁棒性。

基于PDC法的大型发电机定子线棒主绝缘热老化状态评估

大型发电机在运行过程中会受到热应力等因素的影响,造成定子线棒绝缘劣化乃至失效,影响发电机的安全稳定运行。为了明确极化-去极化电流(PDC)法对于定子线棒主绝缘性能评估的有效性,首先采用PDC法评估热老化状态的定子线棒主绝缘性能。依据PDC测试结果,提取出稳态电导电流、0.1 Hz极化/去极化损耗、不对称系数等基本特征参量;随后再利用奇异值分解(SVD)算法对线棒样本的PDC数据进行扩展德拜模型的分析,得出其模拟电路的支路数和支路参量,通过分析明确老化过程中上述特征参量的变化规律。最后对不同热老化时长的样本进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,从微观角度进一步明确上述绝缘后固化和劣化过程的机理。结果表明:随着绝缘老化程度加剧,稳态电导电流和0.1 Hz极化/去极化损耗增加,不对称系数偏离1的程度加剧,界面极化时间常数τ2减小。

水力发电机定子绕组泄漏电流分析及电腐蚀治理研究

发电机长期运行后,定子绕组会逐渐出现老化或电腐蚀现象,需要科学的试验分析方法诊断设备健康状况。通过分析多台大型贯流式发电机定子绕组直流耐压试验泄漏电流数据,提出了绝缘性能评估方法及预防绕组击穿措施;根据贴壁式结构定子绕组电腐蚀及运行温度偏高状况,研究一系列定子改造创新设计及创新工艺,并对定子温度场进行有限元仿真计算。温升试验数据表明定子改造后的发电机运行温度有效降低,各测点温度偏差大幅减小。研究结果接近仿真计算值,证明了定子改造采用的新工艺有效可行。

异频电流激励下发电机定子铁芯损耗试验实测分析

对于大容量电机的定子铁芯损耗试验,采用高频激励代替工频激励可有效降低试验难度,提高试验安全性。为探究在异频电流激励下电机定子铁芯表面及短路故障点的温升趋势,本文以一台电动机为例,制造定子铁芯短路故障点,开展了工频50Hz到高频300Hz下电机的定子铁芯损耗试验。研究结果表明,在高频电流激励下,铁芯表面温度及故障点温度的上升趋势具有较好的一致性,增加电源频率可使系统消耗的无功降低,功率因数升高。

采用异频电流激励法开展发电机定子铁芯损耗试验的可行性研究

发电机在运行中由于热和机械力的作用,引起片间绝缘损坏,造成短路,在短路区域形成局部过热,会危及机组的安全运行,因此对发电机定子铁芯进行损耗试验有重要意义。为解决现有试验方案在进行大型机组试验时绕线困难等问题,本文提出了一种采用异频电流激励法开展发电机定子铁芯损耗试验的方法。采用ANSYS Maxwell建立仿真分析模型,通过对幅值相同、频率不同的励磁电流下的铁芯发热情况进行分析,论证了采用异频电流法开展发电机定子铁芯损耗试验的可行性。

Fault-tolerant stator flux oriented decoupling control for dual three-phase permanent magnet motor without diagnosis and reconfiguration

In this paper,the fault-tolerant capability of the existing stator-flux-oriented decoupling control(SFOC)for the DTP-PM motor is investigated,and a simple fault-tolerant SFOC is further designed to enhance fault tolerance.Firstly,the mathematical model of the DTP-PM motor in the stator-flux-oriented rotating coordinate system is analyzed.An SFOC is proposed to guarantee healthy operation performance,considering torque,flux linkage,and harmonic currents.Secondly,the coupling relationship under open-phase conditions is assessed.The assessed result shows that the coupling relationship between the harmonic and fundamental components results in conflicts and poor post-fault operation.Thirdly,the proposed SFOC includes an automatic deactivation module to detect conflicts with a variable threshold.The conflicted harmonic current controllers can be excluded automatically.Hence,fault-tolerant control can be remedied without diagnosing the specific fault scenario,and excellent faulttolerant capability can be achieved.Finally,experiments on a DTP-PM motor are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

水电厂发电机组定子绕组单点接地故障排查及处理方法的研究

针对水轮发电机组定子线圈发生接地故障,又没有明显的故障点,在无法通过现场勘查发现故障部位时,通过电流加热法能快速发现故障点并及时处理,为定子接地故障查找方法提供一种非常有效的技术手段。同时采用甩开一根故障线圈方法,能快速恢复发电。

异步电动机的转子断条问题研究

讨论了异步电动机转子断条故障的特征机理,介绍了通过定子电流监测进行故障诊断的方法。概述了鼠笼式异步电动机转子断条故障可能由机械应力、过载电流和设计缺陷等因素引起,并强调了这种故障对电机性能的负面影响,包括转速异常、噪声增大和潜在的安全风险。提出了通过监测气隙磁场变化和定子电流频谱分析来诊断故障的方法。在正常情况下,电机磁动势平衡对称,而转子断条破坏了这种对称性,导致转矩波动和平均转矩下降。通过对定子电流进行频谱分析,检测到特定的谐波分量。提出结论,尽管传统理论侧重于基波的影响,实际上其他定子电流成分也参与了谐波的生成,并且可以通过监测特定频率的谐波分量来判断转子是否存在断条故障。

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

基于相位差的同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障定位方法

为了改善同步调相机机组的运维效率,提出一种基于相位差的同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障定位方法。首先,在线获取三相电流的相位、零序电压基波分量的幅值及相位。如果零序电压基波分量的幅值超过阈值,则认为定子绕组发生匝间短路。为了进一步实现故障相的定位,将零序电压基波分量相位分别与三相电流相位进行比较,获得3组相位差,则匝间短路故障发生在3组相位差中最小值所属相的定子绕组中,从而实现故障定位。为了验证所提方法的准确性和有效性,分别基于TTS-300-2型同步调相机和小型电励磁同步电机搭建相应的仿真模型和实验平台,进行仿真与实验验证。实验结果表明:利用零序电压基波幅值可以诊断同步调相机是否发生匝间短路故障,利用零序电压基波与各相定子电流基波间的相位差可以实现故障定位。

基于风速时空分布的双馈风力发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障特性分析

考虑由风剪切和塔影效应引起的叶轮扫掠面内风速时空分布,研究考虑风速时空分布的双馈风力发电机组机械和电气故障特性。首先,建立了考虑风速时空分布的等效风速模型,分别推导得到了考虑风速时空分布前后的风力发电机组机械转矩、转速,正常运行时和定子绕组匝间短路故障时定子电流的解析表达式及其变化特性;其次,在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建双馈风力发电机模型和故障模型,对定子电流进行频谱分析;最后,在风力发电机组故障模拟实验台进行了实验测试与研究。结果表明:考虑等效风速后,定子绕组匝间短路故障时定子电流中除了基频和基频的奇数倍,还会有调制频率3kfw。