Research on Transmission Line Tower Tilting and Foundation State Monitoring Technology Based onMulti-Sensor Cooperative Detection and Correction

The transmission line tower will be affected by bad weather and artificial subsidence caused by the foundation and other factors in the power transmission.The tower’s tilt and severe deformation will cause the building to collapse.Many small changes caused the tower’s collapse,but the early staff often could not intuitively notice the changes in the tower’s state.In the current tower online monitoring system,terminal equipment often needs to replace batteries frequently due to premature exhaustion of power.According to the need for real-time measurement of power line tower,this research designed a real-time monitoring device monitoring the transmission tower attitude tilting and foundation state based on the inertial sensor,the acceleration of 3 axis inertial sensor and angular velocity raw data to pole average filtering pre-processing,and then through the complementary filtering algorithm for comprehensive calculation of tilt angle,the system meets the demand for inclined online monitoring of power line poles and towers regarding measurement accuracy,with low cost and power consumption.The optimization multi-sensor cooperative detection and correction measured tilt angle result relative accuracy can reach 1.03%,which has specific promotion and application value since the system has the advantages of unattended and efficient calculation.

Design Optimization of a Lattice Tower: Structure and Foundations

Produced in power plants, electrical energy is transported to places of consumption via the electricity network. At the heart of this network are the supports that allow electricity to be efficiently transported over long distances, guaranteeing the security and supply of energy to the various centers of use. In the construction of a line, supports occupy an important part in terms of safety and construction cost. It is therefore essential to optimize their use to reduce the cost of transmission lines. This work addresses this problem, which focuses on the optimal utilization of X-lattice towers in the construction of overhead power lines. The challenge is to reconcile the search for optimal cost and respect for the design, resistance and service constraints of the structure. To do this, a parameter having a strong correlation with the weight, foundation and construction cost of the X-lattice tower for 161 kV lines is determined as an important cost variable. This parameter is the wheelbase of the towers. The junction point between the structure and the foundations is obtained by measuring the forces at the base of the tower following the lowering of the loads. These efforts make it possible to size foundations which are of the inverted or isolated sole type. The results obtained reveal that from 8 meters in width, the wheelbase gradually changes until the optimum is obtained at 6.29 meters. With this wheelbase, the production cost is optimal. It clearly emerges from this study that the construction of lattice pylons with a wheelbase of approximately 6.29 meters makes it possible to optimize the cost of construction of 161 kV lines in the Republic of Benin.

The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations of Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission line

After the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission(QTPT) line is another major permafrost engineering project with new types of engineering structures. The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations are crucial for the stability of QTPT. We analyzed the change characteristics and tendencies of the ground temperature based on field monitoring data from 2010 to 2014. The results reveal that soil around the tower foundations froze and connected with the artificial permafrost induced during the construction of footings after the first freezing period, and the soil below the original permafrost table kept freezing in subsequent thawing periods. The ground temperature lowered to that of natural fields, fast or slowly for tower foundations with thermosyphons,while for tower foundations without thermosyphons, the increase in ground temperature resulted in higher temperature than that of natural fields. Also, the permafrost temperature and ice content are significant factors that influence the ground temperature around tower foundations. Specifically, the ground temperature around tower foundations in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions decreased slowly, while that in cold and ice poor permafrost regions cooled faster. Moreover, foundations types impacted the ground temperature, which consisted of different technical processes during construction and variant of tower footing structures. The revealed changing process and trend of the ground temperature is beneficial for evaluating the thermal regime evolution around tower foundations in the context of climate change.

Limits to foundation displacement of an extra high voltage transmission tower in a mining subsidence area

Given the background of a transmission tower erected on a particular mining subsidence area,we used finite element modeling to analyze the anti-deformation performance of transmission towers under a number of different load conditions,including horizontal foundation displacement,uneven vertical downward displacement,wind loads and icing conditions.The results show that the failure in stability of a single steel angle iron represents the limit of the tower given ground deformation.We calculated the corresponding limits of foundation displacements.The results indicate that compression displacement of the foundation is more dangerous than tension displacement.Under complex foundation displacement conditions,horizontal foundation displacement is a key factor leading to failure in the stability of towers.Under conditions of compression or tension displacement of the foundation,wind load becomes the key factor.Towers do not fail when foundation displacements are smaller than 1% (under tension) or 0.5% (under horizontal compression or single foundation subsidence) of the distance between two supports.

Numerical Simulation on Floating Behavior of Buoyancy Tank Foundation of Anemometer Tower

The intact stability and damage stability of a model of an anemometer tower with buoyancy tank foundation are computed by the finite element software MOSES in this paper. The natural period of the anemometer tower is discussed through frequency domain analysis. The influence of a single factor, such as towing point position, wave height, wave direction and wave period, on towing stability is discussed through time domain analysis. At the same time, the towing stability under the condition of various combinations of many factors is analyzed based on the measured data of the target area. Computer simulation results show that the intact stability is preferable and the damage stability is sufficient under the condition of plenty of subdivisions. Within the scope of the buoyancy tank foundation,the higher the towing point position is, the better the stability is. Wave height has a great impact on the motion amplitude of buoyancy tank foundation, but the effect on the acceleration is not obvious; wave period has a great impact on the acceleration, while the effect on the motion amplitude is not obvious; following-waves towing is more conducive to safety than atry.

凉水塔变形监测与基坑敏感因子灰色关联分析

基坑开挖容易引起临近电厂凉水塔变形,是深基坑工程面临的主要难题之一。本文实地监测深基坑开挖对附近电厂凉水塔的影响,统计了基坑开挖过程中凉水塔地表垂直和水平位移、结构变形等参数。依托某实际工程,研究基坑开挖引起凉水塔变形预测方法,建立凉水塔地表垂直位移灰色预测模型。采用灰色关联分析确定基坑各敏感因素对凉水塔变形的影响程度,由大到小依次为:基坑与建筑物间距、土体弹性模量、围护结构厚度、土体内摩擦角、土体粘聚力。通过开展凉水塔变形监测与相关研究工作,相关研究理论能够为类似深基坑工程提供参考。

塔吊基础、附墙杆和预埋件分类和安装方法

当塔吊超过独立高度后,为保证塔身整体稳定性,需将塔吊依附于建筑物进行锚固约束,因此,附着位置的可靠连接显得尤为重要。论文主要介绍了塔吊基础的分类和安装工艺流程,以及塔吊附着安装工艺流程,总结了3种附墙杆的特点和安装工法,以及附墙埋件的分类和安装工法。

输电铁塔装配式基础抗剪键连接的剪切性能

预制构件连接方法及其界面剪切性能影响整个输电铁塔装配式基础的受力和变形.针对螺栓连接易松动、变形大之类的问题,提出采用高强灌浆料灌注成形的十字形抗剪键作为输电铁塔装配式基础连接方案.采用室内剪切试验和数值模拟,研究该抗剪键连接的剪切性能,并与常用的螺栓连接进行对比分析.结果表明:十字形抗剪键剪切破坏模式为剪断型脆性破坏,破坏形态表现为以抗剪键为中心向外略有扩展成菱形.和螺栓连接相比,抗剪键连接的剪切强度略低,但剪切刚度显著提高.浇筑过程中灌浆料外溢对界面抗剪强度有提高作用.抗剪键的抗剪性能与灌浆料强度正相关,但提高灌浆料强度对抗剪性能提升并不明显.抗剪键深度对抗剪性能有影响,但在抗剪键深度超过20 mm后,抗剪键的抗剪性能不再提高.根据剪切试验和数值模拟结果,建议十字形抗剪键设计为长200 mm、宽20 mm、深20 mm.

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥桥塔基础设计

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥主桥为主跨988 m的斜拉-悬索协作体系桥,桥塔采用钢筋混凝土门形结构。3号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与沉井基础方案,4号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与地下连续墙基础方案,综合考虑基础受力性能、经济性、施工风险等,均推荐采用钻孔桩基础方案。3号、4号桥塔塔座高4.5 m,承台分别为厚7 m的圆形-哑铃形和矩形-哑铃形结构,基础分别采用68根和64根φ3.0 m钻孔桩,桩长分别为95 m和79 m,按摩擦桩设计。承台系梁采用ANSYS软件进行实体有限元分析,系梁横向受力主筋、竖向抗剪箍筋采用优化分区配置,满足受力要求。

10kV杆塔基础在复杂沙质土层的施工技术研究

随着10 kV配电网网架地不断向农村地区发展,农村配电网升级改造也迎来更高的可靠性和安全性,文章以某110 kV变电站10 kV某线路改造工程为例,重点阐述10 kV配网杆塔基础施工,遇到复杂的沙质地质且无法变更杆塔位置时,所进行的施工技术优化改进。

基于SPH-FEM耦合方法的泥石流冲击输电塔基础的动力分析

泥石流是我国西南山区常见的地质灾害。架空输电杆塔在泥石流的冲击下往往发生基础破坏甚至会造成杆塔倒塌。首先采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法和有限元方法(finite element method,简称FEM)相耦合的三维数值方法模拟了泥石流对杆塔基础的冲击作用;在与相关模型试验结果验证的基础上,开展了不同泥石流密度、黏度系数及初始速度条件下对输电塔基础的冲击力作用的参数分析;研究结果表明:随着泥石流初始速度的增加,冲击力峰值会随之增大;前排基础的冲击力峰值均大于后排基础;泥石流冲击过程特性受到泥石流密度和黏度系数影响。与稀性泥石流相比:黏性泥石流冲击基础后,基础下游真空区相对要小;此外,将数值模拟结果与Kwan冲击力公式及铁二院推荐的冲击压力设计公式预测值进行对比分析可以发现:Kwan冲击力公式能较好地预测出基础所受泥石流冲击力的平均趋势,最大预测误差低于30%,铁二院公式预测的稀性和黏性泥石流的冲击压力平均偏低分别约17%和28%。相关研究结果有望为泥石流频发区域输电塔基础的设计和风险评估提供一定的参考依据。

土-岩组合地基变截面锚杆承载性能与机制研究

以山区输电线路工程为背景,针对实践中广泛遇到的上土下岩二元层状地基,提出了一种变截面锚杆技术,其原理为通过增大上覆土层中锚杆的截面积,达到充分利用上覆土层和下部岩层承载力的目的。为检验变截面锚杆的性能,采用现场真型试验和数值模拟相结合的手段,探讨了其承载力提升机制,分析了不同因素对承载特性的影响规律。研究表明,较等截面锚杆,变截面锚杆的上拔、下压以及水平承载力均有所提升。其中,水平承载性能提升效果最显著。场地覆土层厚度对锚杆上拔承载力影响较大,对下压和水平承载性能影响较小。场地地形坡度对锚杆水平承载性能有较大影响,二者呈负相关。此外,“上拔荷载+水平荷载”模式下,变截面群锚基础的承载性能优于等截面群锚基础和传统复合基础,且具有土方开挖量小以及更适用于斜坡地形的优点。研究成果可为该新型基础的推广应用提供技术支撑。

输电铁塔主材内力与基础水平位移关系式的研究

铁塔基础在遭遇地质灾害的情况下会发生垂直和水平位移;相比于水平位移,人们多关注基础垂直位移对塔构件内力的影响,但水平位移对杆件内力影响同样不可忽略,研究输电铁塔基础水平位移与铁塔安全性的关系具有重要意义。为了推导基础水平位移与铁塔主材内力的解析式,运用梁和杆的刚度等效方法和能量法,给出了单腿水平位移作用下四个塔腿承受弯矩的比例关系,推导出主材在第一横格面处的最大弯矩,通过简化模型推导出单腿基础水平位移作用下铁塔各塔腿主材最大轴力表达式,并通过有限元计算对最大轴力表达式进行修正。输电铁塔受上部荷载在主材中主要产生轴向拉(压)应力,而基础水平位移主要产生弯矩应力。本文给出的主材内力与塔腿位移表达式可作为输电线路塔腿基础发生水平位移后铁塔的安全评估的依据。

重庆新田长江公路大桥设计

重庆新田长江公路大桥主桥采用跨径1020 m的双塔单跨钢箱梁悬索桥,一跨过江。该桥加劲梁采用扁平流线型钢箱梁。桥塔采用门形混凝土塔,高峰侧桥塔采用塔肢不等高设计,上游塔肢高169.5 m,下游塔肢高153.5 m;新田侧桥塔高169.5 m。桥塔基础均采用分离式承台+大直径桩。两岸重力式锚碇采用空间异形结构、扩大基础,锚碇锚固系统采用无粘结镀锌钢绞线拉索。主缆采用标准抗拉强度1860 MPa的预制平行钢丝索股,吊索采用标准抗拉强度1670 MPa的平行钢丝索股,边跨及主跨跨中部分索夹采用焊接式索夹,其余采用铸造式索夹。引桥上部结构采用30 m跨径预应力混凝土T梁,下部结构采用大直径桩+大直径柱。高峰侧引桥上方的陡崖带采用支撑、清除、锚固等措施进行处治,新田侧桥塔前缘顺层边坡采用抗滑桩支挡。钢箱梁梁段采用工厂制造、水上运输、现场安装的施工方案,其中岸坡区钢箱梁采用空中连续荡移架设。

塔吊基础与深基坑支护结构相结合的设计与施工技术研究

以罗湖食品大厦项目为例,提出了将塔吊基础与深基坑支护体系相结合的设计与施工技术。该技术阐述了一种不在既有内支撑结构范围外单独设置高桩承台塔吊基础的情况下,充分利用深基坑支护结构体系,使塔吊基础与深基坑支护结构体系相结合,并最终完成了塔吊基础与深基坑支护体系相结合的设计与施工。该技术与传统在内支撑结构范围外单独设置塔吊基础的技术相比,不仅减少了单独设置高桩承台塔吊基础的成本,同时有效解决了基坑支护结构施工期间垂直运输难的问题,取得了较好的经济效益,具有较大的推广价值。

万部华严经塔塔基的预防性保护研究初探

内蒙古地区现存大量的辽塔建筑是我国建筑文化遗产中的重要部分,但辽塔受自然环境、人为因素的影响,目前出现了严重的病害,保存现状堪忧。文章通过对万部华严经塔塔基进行勘察测绘、拍照等工作,厘清了万部华严经塔塔基的病害种类及其机理。病害表现为裂隙与裂缝、剥落与缺失、溶蚀等。这些病害主要是由内蒙古地区独特的地理条件和气候环境引起的,如风沙大、早晚温差大等。这给日后进行辽塔塔基的预防性保护提供了基础。文章提出了预防性保护策略,以防为主,治为辅,加强对工作人员的管理,通过监测提前识别风险,降低防治成本,尽可能减少对万部华严经塔塔基的再破坏。

不同加固措施对新建隧道下穿电杆塔基的变形影响分析

在城市地下工程的建设中,新建隧道不可避免会下穿电杆塔基等建(构)筑物,进而引起电杆塔基的变形。为了保证隧道顺利安全地下穿电杆塔基,有必要对电杆塔基进行加固处理。针对目前隧道下穿电杆塔基加固措施研究的不足之处,文章依托某工程实例,结合工程实践中常用的加固措施,利用PLAXIS软件建立三维数值计算模型,研究不同加固措施条件下的隧道下穿电杆塔基的变形规律。在此基础上,探讨隧道下穿电杆塔基中不同加固措施的有效性。研究结果表明,加固效果的优越性排序为:两种加固措施均有>桩顶连梁加固措施>基础加固措施>无加固措施。以桩顶位移为研究对象,桩顶连梁加固措施和基础加固措施在控制高压电线杆位移时呈现出叠加效应,考虑两种加固措施条件下的有效性均大于只考虑桩顶连梁加固和基础加固的情况,即两种加固措施均有时的情况在控制电线杆位移变形时效果最佳。文章对不同加固措施的有效性研究可以为类似工程实践提供有益参考。

大型钢结构空冷塔桩基设计研究

近年来,钢结构空冷塔在国内快速发展。与传统混凝土冷却塔相比,钢结构空冷塔整体重量轻,因此基础的受力与设计也有一定的区别和特点。有必要针对钢结构空冷塔的特点,对基础进行专门的设计研究,剖析其受力特点、简化基础构造、提高基础设计的经济性。以某高度为189.5 m的大型直筒锥段型钢结构空冷塔为例,采用上部结构与基础协同的分析模型,对其桩基设计进行介绍,较为详细地阐述了上部结构传力特点、基础设计的详细构造及关键点,对各控制荷载工况下的基桩、环基受力特点进行了分析总结,可为今后同类型项目的设计提供参考。

±800 kV特高压输电塔动力特性分析

针对在输电塔杆塔结构设计和动力特性的研究中难以通过理论分析和数值模拟准确获得塔身动力响应的问题,基于±800kV特高压直流输电工程直线塔,建立塔-线-基础体系有限元模型,采用p-y曲线法建立离散非线性弹簧模拟土体对结构的影响,对比分析了单塔、三塔两线、塔-线-基础体系等不同计算模型的特高压输电塔的动力特性,并与现场试验结果进行对比。结果表明,输电线的质量和刚度对输电塔的动力特性有一定的影响,塔线耦合作用不可忽略。考虑桩-土相互作用使输电塔自振频率降低。与单塔模型相比,塔-线-基础体系模型计算得到的频率相对较小,与实际测试频率更为接近,验证了塔-线-基础体系模型的合理性。

输电线路工程不同类型塔基边坡径流产沙特征

[目的]探究输电线路工程塔基边坡水土流失特征,为输电线路工程水土流失治理提供理论依据。[方法]以黄土丘陵区输电线路工程为研究对象,通过野外调查及模拟降雨试验,分析输电线路工程各侵蚀单元水土流失特征及不同类型塔基边坡径流的产沙特征。[结果](1)输电线路工程各侵蚀单元水土流失量占项目总水土流失量的大小依次为塔基区>施工便道>牵张场区>跨越施工场地。塔基区水土流失量占项目总水土流失量的60%以上;(2)与原地面相比,修建塔基边坡增加了地表产流,各类型塔基边坡径流率是原地面的1.8~8.7倍。与偏土质塔基边坡相比,偏石质塔基边坡径流率下降4%~35%,植草的塔基边坡减少20%~48%的径流率;(3)与原地面相比,修建塔基边坡下垫面的径流含沙量增大了0.5~345倍,偏土质塔基边坡增加最大。偏石质比偏土质塔基边坡减少39%~92%径流含沙量,植草可减少83%~98%的含沙量。[结论]输电线路工程建设过程中塔基区是水土流失最大的侵蚀单元,种植草被可以显著减少塔基边坡产沙量,塔基边坡修建后应及时进行植被恢复。