This study presents the numerical evaluation about the impact of flow disturbance near the intrados and extrados regions of the 90 degree bended elbow using CFX for several practical cases where the 90 degree bended u...This study presents the numerical evaluation about the impact of flow disturbance near the intrados and extrados regions of the 90 degree bended elbow using CFX for several practical cases where the 90 degree bended upward elbow is located in a proximity to the butterfly valve and the butterfly valve open angle is changed. For the change of a butterfly valve open angle from 60% to 100% and the increase of the distance between a valve and a 90 degree bended elbow, the effect of FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion) in the 90 degree bended elbow may be neglected because the value and distribution of the velocity and shear stress is rapidly decreased comparing with the present status installed in an industry, and the data of 100% valve open (Case 3) and L/D ≈ 5 (Case 4) are very good agreement comparing with the reference data, L/D ≈ 8 (Case 2). The reasons are that flow already maintains a fully developed condition and a steady state in spite of less distance than the reference case, L/D = 8. Therefore, smooth flow fields have approached at a 90 degree bended elbow. Then, the effect of shear stress and vortex is hardly investigated around the intrados area of 90 degree bended elbow.展开更多
The flexible pipe bend can not only reduce the structural vibration and fluid noise in pipeline, but also realize the flexible connection of a horizontal line and a vertical line and compensate the displacement of thr...The flexible pipe bend can not only reduce the structural vibration and fluid noise in pipeline, but also realize the flexible connection of a horizontal line and a vertical line and compensate the displacement of three dimensions produced by the shock or vibration of pipeline in the special situations. Up to now, little attention has been paid to study the flexible pipe bend applied in the pipeline of medium or high pressure, because no appropriate framework materials can be used to reinforce it which must endure the burst pressure higher than 10 MPa. The investigation shows that it is possible to produce the flexible pipe bend of medium or high pressure if such fibers with high performance as Kevlar fibers are used to be its reinforced materials. However, its structural designing theory, manufacturing technology and measuring techniques aren't yet perfect and systematic, which leads to the instability of the performance of products. Furthermore, few references about its research can be seen. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically and thoroughly develop the structural designing theory, manufacture technology and measuring techniques of flexible pipe bend.展开更多
Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method ...Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method of the reducer bends subjected to internal pressure, analytical formulas are re-examined. Finite element analysis and stress measurements of the reducer bend are carried out. It is found that it is not appropriate to analyze the reducer bends by using thin membrane theory. The formula derived directly from circumferential stress formula of reducer bends under internal pressure is conservative, which is further verified by the finite element analysis results and it can thus be applied to piping design.展开更多
文摘This study presents the numerical evaluation about the impact of flow disturbance near the intrados and extrados regions of the 90 degree bended elbow using CFX for several practical cases where the 90 degree bended upward elbow is located in a proximity to the butterfly valve and the butterfly valve open angle is changed. For the change of a butterfly valve open angle from 60% to 100% and the increase of the distance between a valve and a 90 degree bended elbow, the effect of FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion) in the 90 degree bended elbow may be neglected because the value and distribution of the velocity and shear stress is rapidly decreased comparing with the present status installed in an industry, and the data of 100% valve open (Case 3) and L/D ≈ 5 (Case 4) are very good agreement comparing with the reference data, L/D ≈ 8 (Case 2). The reasons are that flow already maintains a fully developed condition and a steady state in spite of less distance than the reference case, L/D = 8. Therefore, smooth flow fields have approached at a 90 degree bended elbow. Then, the effect of shear stress and vortex is hardly investigated around the intrados area of 90 degree bended elbow.
文摘The flexible pipe bend can not only reduce the structural vibration and fluid noise in pipeline, but also realize the flexible connection of a horizontal line and a vertical line and compensate the displacement of three dimensions produced by the shock or vibration of pipeline in the special situations. Up to now, little attention has been paid to study the flexible pipe bend applied in the pipeline of medium or high pressure, because no appropriate framework materials can be used to reinforce it which must endure the burst pressure higher than 10 MPa. The investigation shows that it is possible to produce the flexible pipe bend of medium or high pressure if such fibers with high performance as Kevlar fibers are used to be its reinforced materials. However, its structural designing theory, manufacturing technology and measuring techniques aren't yet perfect and systematic, which leads to the instability of the performance of products. Furthermore, few references about its research can be seen. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically and thoroughly develop the structural designing theory, manufacture technology and measuring techniques of flexible pipe bend.
文摘Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method of the reducer bends subjected to internal pressure, analytical formulas are re-examined. Finite element analysis and stress measurements of the reducer bend are carried out. It is found that it is not appropriate to analyze the reducer bends by using thin membrane theory. The formula derived directly from circumferential stress formula of reducer bends under internal pressure is conservative, which is further verified by the finite element analysis results and it can thus be applied to piping design.
