With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge i...With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.展开更多
To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention...To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.展开更多
We give a detailed examination of potential energy curves of the singlet and triplet states of CFC1 correlated with the lowest three dissociation limits. The calculations are carried out at the internally contracted m...We give a detailed examination of potential energy curves of the singlet and triplet states of CFC1 correlated with the lowest three dissociation limits. The calculations are carried out at the internally contracted multi- reference configuration interaction/cc-pV（T＋d）Z level with the other two geometric parameters fixed at the state equilibrium conformation. The vertical transition energy, the oscillator strength, the main configuration and the electron transition are also investigated at the same level.展开更多
The chloride ion contained in reinforced concrete seriously corrodes the steel surface and damages concrete, resulting in inferior reinforced concrete that strength seriously compromises the entire structure’s safety...The chloride ion contained in reinforced concrete seriously corrodes the steel surface and damages concrete, resulting in inferior reinforced concrete that strength seriously compromises the entire structure’s safety. Consequently, the examination of chloride ions contained in reinforced concrete becomes an important part of a complete quality control procedure. To effectively check the concentration of chloride ions in concrete, the evaluation process should be accurate and precise. Laboratory data ob- tained using existing evaluation methods for the examination of chloride ion are not sufficiently objective to yield reliable results with accuracy and consistency for each sample. An evaluation algorithm with capability to define indices of precision degree (Ep) and accuracy degree (Ea) is presented in this paper. The authors established a statistically reliable index of unbiased estimators and equations to critically examine the laboratory methods’ precision, accuracy degrees and application value for measuring chlorine ion concentration in reinforced concrete.展开更多
As one of the most exciting inspection and powerful analysis methods in modern materials metallographic examinations, the difference interference contrast (DIC) method has many advantages, including relatively low req...As one of the most exciting inspection and powerful analysis methods in modern materials metallographic examinations, the difference interference contrast (DIC) method has many advantages, including relatively low requirement for specimen preparation, obvious relief senses observed under microscope. Details such as fine structures or defects that are not or barely visible in incident-light bright field, could be easily revealed and thus make materials analysis more reliable. Differential interference contrast produces an image that can be readily manipulated using digital and video imaging techniques to further enhance contrast. But, studies of material metallography based on DIC method have rarely carried out. Based on the fundamental principle of the DIC method combing with the computer image analysis, applications of DIC method in materials metallographic examination were investigated in this study.展开更多
Patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are exposed to strong, non-uniform static magnetic fields outside of the central imaging region, in which the movement of the body may induce electric currents in t...Patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are exposed to strong, non-uniform static magnetic fields outside of the central imaging region, in which the movement of the body may induce electric currents in tissues which could possibly be harmful. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate existing clinical protocols by determining the induced electromagnetic (EM) fields in MRI spine examinations. The study covered 120 MRI spine examinations at the MRI Unit of a hospital in Accra, Ghana. A numerical model based on Faraday’s equation was developed using the finite difference method (FDM) and MATLAB software to compute, first, a test simulation of induced EM field intensities and then actual measurements of induced fields on the spine. The simulation results were peak induced electric field, 0.39 V/m and current density, 0.039 A/m2. Patient results were;calculated maximum velocity, 0.29 m/s;peak induced electric field strength, 0.44 V/m, and current density, 0.043 A/m2. The levels of induced EM-fields were such that they would not pose any potential health hazards to the patients as these values were well below the recommended guidance levels set by the Directive IEC 60601-2-33 of the European Parliament.展开更多
Because decompensated heart failure (HF) patients present primarily with symptoms of congestion, the assessment of volume status is of paramount importance. Despite the addition of new technologies that can predict in...Because decompensated heart failure (HF) patients present primarily with symptoms of congestion, the assessment of volume status is of paramount importance. Despite the addition of new technologies that can predict intracardiac filling pressures, the physical exam (PE) remains the most accessible and cost-effective tool available to clinicians. An elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)useful cutoff is that if the JVP is greater than 3 cm in vertical distance above the sternal angle, the central venous pressure is elevated. In addition to assessment of volume status, the PE in HF can reveal adverse prognostic signs, namely: elevated JVP, presence of third heart sound, elevated heart rate, low systolic BP, and low proportional pulse pressure (＜ 25%). This article will review the evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic utility of common PE findings in HF.展开更多
目的探讨将学生标准化病人应用于神经内科临床实践教学中的应用效果。方法将80名临床医学本科大四学生随机分成为传统临床带教对照组和学生标准化病人(student as standardized patients,SSP)组。对照组以传统临床带教的方式进行临床实...目的探讨将学生标准化病人应用于神经内科临床实践教学中的应用效果。方法将80名临床医学本科大四学生随机分成为传统临床带教对照组和学生标准化病人(student as standardized patients,SSP)组。对照组以传统临床带教的方式进行临床实践教学,SSP组采用学生标准化病人进行临床实践教学。临床实践结束后所有学生接受客观结构化临床考试(objective structured clinical examination,OSCE)及完成满意度问卷调查。结果SSP组在OSCE考试中病史采集、神经系统查体得分方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查问卷结果显示,SSP组在临床思维提升、激发学习兴趣、沟通能力提升方面得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学生标准化病人应用于神经内科的临床实践过程中有助于提高临床医学生的病史采集及神经系统体格检查技能,取得更好的教学效果。展开更多
基金This research is funded by 2021 Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province Key Project—Diagnosis and Evaluation of High School Students’Critical Thinking Quality in English(Project approval No.QL20210120)the 2022 Hunan Province General Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project—Research on the Cultivation Path of English Learners’Critical Thinking Ability From the Perspective of Curriculum Ideology and Politics(Project Approval No.HNJG-2022-1299).
文摘With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.
基金financed by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2007BA128B00)the Netherlands Academy of Science(08CDP011)the Radboud University,the Netherlands(R0000463)
文摘To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11447148
文摘We give a detailed examination of potential energy curves of the singlet and triplet states of CFC1 correlated with the lowest three dissociation limits. The calculations are carried out at the internally contracted multi- reference configuration interaction/cc-pV（T＋d）Z level with the other two geometric parameters fixed at the state equilibrium conformation. The vertical transition energy, the oscillator strength, the main configuration and the electron transition are also investigated at the same level.
基金Project (No. NSC-93-2211-E-167-002) supported by the NationalScience Council of Taiwan China
文摘The chloride ion contained in reinforced concrete seriously corrodes the steel surface and damages concrete, resulting in inferior reinforced concrete that strength seriously compromises the entire structure’s safety. Consequently, the examination of chloride ions contained in reinforced concrete becomes an important part of a complete quality control procedure. To effectively check the concentration of chloride ions in concrete, the evaluation process should be accurate and precise. Laboratory data ob- tained using existing evaluation methods for the examination of chloride ion are not sufficiently objective to yield reliable results with accuracy and consistency for each sample. An evaluation algorithm with capability to define indices of precision degree (Ep) and accuracy degree (Ea) is presented in this paper. The authors established a statistically reliable index of unbiased estimators and equations to critically examine the laboratory methods’ precision, accuracy degrees and application value for measuring chlorine ion concentration in reinforced concrete.
文摘As one of the most exciting inspection and powerful analysis methods in modern materials metallographic examinations, the difference interference contrast (DIC) method has many advantages, including relatively low requirement for specimen preparation, obvious relief senses observed under microscope. Details such as fine structures or defects that are not or barely visible in incident-light bright field, could be easily revealed and thus make materials analysis more reliable. Differential interference contrast produces an image that can be readily manipulated using digital and video imaging techniques to further enhance contrast. But, studies of material metallography based on DIC method have rarely carried out. Based on the fundamental principle of the DIC method combing with the computer image analysis, applications of DIC method in materials metallographic examination were investigated in this study.
文摘Patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are exposed to strong, non-uniform static magnetic fields outside of the central imaging region, in which the movement of the body may induce electric currents in tissues which could possibly be harmful. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate existing clinical protocols by determining the induced electromagnetic (EM) fields in MRI spine examinations. The study covered 120 MRI spine examinations at the MRI Unit of a hospital in Accra, Ghana. A numerical model based on Faraday’s equation was developed using the finite difference method (FDM) and MATLAB software to compute, first, a test simulation of induced EM field intensities and then actual measurements of induced fields on the spine. The simulation results were peak induced electric field, 0.39 V/m and current density, 0.039 A/m2. Patient results were;calculated maximum velocity, 0.29 m/s;peak induced electric field strength, 0.44 V/m, and current density, 0.043 A/m2. The levels of induced EM-fields were such that they would not pose any potential health hazards to the patients as these values were well below the recommended guidance levels set by the Directive IEC 60601-2-33 of the European Parliament.
文摘Because decompensated heart failure (HF) patients present primarily with symptoms of congestion, the assessment of volume status is of paramount importance. Despite the addition of new technologies that can predict intracardiac filling pressures, the physical exam (PE) remains the most accessible and cost-effective tool available to clinicians. An elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)useful cutoff is that if the JVP is greater than 3 cm in vertical distance above the sternal angle, the central venous pressure is elevated. In addition to assessment of volume status, the PE in HF can reveal adverse prognostic signs, namely: elevated JVP, presence of third heart sound, elevated heart rate, low systolic BP, and low proportional pulse pressure (＜ 25%). This article will review the evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic utility of common PE findings in HF.
