[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's r...[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.展开更多
With the development of economy and society,China’s cultural heritage survival environment is worsening,the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage become a common concern of mankind.It is of great...With the development of economy and society,China’s cultural heritage survival environment is worsening,the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage become a common concern of mankind.It is of great importance to use reasonable and scientific protection methods,the author explore path on the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage:(1)To strengthen the research and publicity of the value of the intangible cultural heritage;(2)let the intangible cultural heritage education into the campus;(3)To protect the cultural ecology on the intangible cultural heritage;(4)To Protect the inheritors of the intangible cultural heritage;(5)To encourage using minorities languages;(6)To establish archives of the intangible cultural heritage.According to the exploation path,the intangible cultural heritage would be realized the effective protection of the intangible cultural heritage and sustainable inheritance.展开更多
The path protection approach is widely investigated as a survivability solution for GMPLS networks, which has the advantage of efficient capacity utilization. However, there is a problem of the path protection approac...The path protection approach is widely investigated as a survivability solution for GMPLS networks, which has the advantage of efficient capacity utilization. However, there is a problem of the path protection approach that searching a disjoint backup path for a primary path is often unsuccessful. In order to resolve this problem, an integrated dynamic shared protection (IDSP) algorithm is proposed. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is that the path protection approach is first used to establish a backup path for the primary path; if the establishment is unsuccessful, then the primary path is dynamically divided into segments whose hop count are not fixed but not more than the limitation calculated by the equations introduced. In this proposal, backup bandwidth sharing is allowed to improve the capacity utilization ratio, which makes the link cost function quite different from previous ones. Simulation experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method compared with previous methods. Numerical results show that IDSP can not only achieve low protection failure probability but can also gain a better tradeoff between the protection overbuild and the average recovery time.展开更多
Network failures are unavoidable and occur frequently.When the network fails,intra-domain routing protocols deploying on the Internet need to undergo a long convergence process.During this period,a large number of mes...Network failures are unavoidable and occur frequently.When the network fails,intra-domain routing protocols deploying on the Internet need to undergo a long convergence process.During this period,a large number of messages are discarded,which results in a decline in the user experience and severely affects the quality of service of Internet Service Providers(ISP).Therefore,improving the availability of intra-domain routing is a trending research question to be solved.Industry usually employs routing protection algorithms to improve intra-domain routing availability.However,existing routing protection schemes compute as many backup paths as possible to reduce message loss due to network failures,which increases the cost of the network and impedes the methods deployed in practice.To address the issues,this study proposes an efficient routing protection algorithm based on optimized network topology(ERPBONT).ERPBONT adopts the optimized network topology to calculate a backup path with the minimum path coincidence degree with the shortest path for all source purposes.Firstly,the backup path with the minimum path coincidence with the shortest path is described as an integer programming problem.Then the simulated annealing algorithm ERPBONT is used to find the optimal solution.Finally,the algorithm is tested on the simulated topology and the real topology.The experimental results show that ERPBONT effectively reduces the path coincidence between the shortest path and the backup path,and significantly improves the routing availability.展开更多
In this paper security systems deployed over an area are regarded abstractly as a diagram of security network. We propose the Neyman-Pearson protection model for security systems, which can be used to determine the pr...In this paper security systems deployed over an area are regarded abstractly as a diagram of security network. We propose the Neyman-Pearson protection model for security systems, which can be used to determine the protection probability of a security system and find the weakest breach path of a security network. We present the weakest breach path problem formulation, which is defined by the breach protection probability of an unauthorized target passing through a guard field, and provide a solution for this problem by using the Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. Finally we study the variation of the breach protection probability with the change of the parameters of the model.展开更多
Cathodic protection is an effective electrochemical technique for preventing corrosion of metallic structures, for large structures like piles network impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system is usually pre...Cathodic protection is an effective electrochemical technique for preventing corrosion of metallic structures, for large structures like piles network impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system is usually preferred. The main aim of this study is to obtain the optimum protection potential that would provide a full cathodic protection for steel piles net-work immersed in sea water at Al-Zubair harbor. The effect of one immeasurable factor (path of anode (χ1)) and two measurable factors (position of anode (χ2) and voltage of power supply (χ3)) on protection potential are studied. Each factor has three different levels (high, medium, and low). Twenty-seven experiments were conducted based on a full factorial design of experiments. The results show that, a sufficient protection for three cathodes can be provided through the electrical circuit connecting them within the appropriate geometric shape.The protection potential is icreased with increasing the voltage of power supply and decreasing of distance between the anode and cathodes (piles network).展开更多
General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-bas...General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.展开更多
The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to educati...The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.展开更多
业界提出利用路由保护算法来解决网络中的故障问题,然而已有的路由保护算法存在4个方面的问题:1)无法应对网络中所有可能的单故障情形;2)需要额外辅助机制的协助;3)不支持增量部署;4)每个结点存储多个到达目的地址的备份下一跳.提出一...业界提出利用路由保护算法来解决网络中的故障问题,然而已有的路由保护算法存在4个方面的问题:1)无法应对网络中所有可能的单故障情形;2)需要额外辅助机制的协助;3)不支持增量部署;4)每个结点存储多个到达目的地址的备份下一跳.提出一种基于转发图的域内路由保护算法(an intradomain routing protection algorithm based on forwarding graph,RPBFG)来解决这4个问题.首先建立了以最大化故障保护率为目标、以转发图包含反向最短路径树为约束条件的路由保护模型;然后提出了利用遗传算法构造满足上述目标的转发图;最后根据构造的转发图计算出所有结点到达目的结点的备份下一跳.在11个真实拓扑结构中比较了RPBFG,NPC,U-turn,MARA-MA,MARA-SPE在故障保护率和路径拉伸度的性能.实验结果表明,RPBFG可以应对网络中所有可能的单故障;在平均路径拉伸度方面,RPBFG比NPC,U-turn,MARA-MA,MARA-SPE分别降低了0.11%,0.72%,37.79%,36.26%.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771565).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.
文摘With the development of economy and society,China’s cultural heritage survival environment is worsening,the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage become a common concern of mankind.It is of great importance to use reasonable and scientific protection methods,the author explore path on the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage:(1)To strengthen the research and publicity of the value of the intangible cultural heritage;(2)let the intangible cultural heritage education into the campus;(3)To protect the cultural ecology on the intangible cultural heritage;(4)To Protect the inheritors of the intangible cultural heritage;(5)To encourage using minorities languages;(6)To establish archives of the intangible cultural heritage.According to the exploation path,the intangible cultural heritage would be realized the effective protection of the intangible cultural heritage and sustainable inheritance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60673142)Applied Basic Research Project of Sichuan Province (2006J13-067).
文摘The path protection approach is widely investigated as a survivability solution for GMPLS networks, which has the advantage of efficient capacity utilization. However, there is a problem of the path protection approach that searching a disjoint backup path for a primary path is often unsuccessful. In order to resolve this problem, an integrated dynamic shared protection (IDSP) algorithm is proposed. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is that the path protection approach is first used to establish a backup path for the primary path; if the establishment is unsuccessful, then the primary path is dynamically divided into segments whose hop count are not fixed but not more than the limitation calculated by the equations introduced. In this proposal, backup bandwidth sharing is allowed to improve the capacity utilization ratio, which makes the link cost function quite different from previous ones. Simulation experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method compared with previous methods. Numerical results show that IDSP can not only achieve low protection failure probability but can also gain a better tradeoff between the protection overbuild and the average recovery time.
基金This work is supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(620RC562)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.20210302123444,20210302123455)+5 种基金the China University industry university research innovation fund(No.2021FNA02009)the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing of Ministry of Education(Tongji University)ESSCKF 2021-04the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61702315,61802092)the Applied Basic Research Plan of Shanxi Province(No.201901D211168)the Program of Hainan Association for Science and Technology Plans to Youth R&D Innovation(QCXM201910)the Key R&D Program(International Science and Technology Cooperation Project)of Shanxi Province China(No.201903D421003).
文摘Network failures are unavoidable and occur frequently.When the network fails,intra-domain routing protocols deploying on the Internet need to undergo a long convergence process.During this period,a large number of messages are discarded,which results in a decline in the user experience and severely affects the quality of service of Internet Service Providers(ISP).Therefore,improving the availability of intra-domain routing is a trending research question to be solved.Industry usually employs routing protection algorithms to improve intra-domain routing availability.However,existing routing protection schemes compute as many backup paths as possible to reduce message loss due to network failures,which increases the cost of the network and impedes the methods deployed in practice.To address the issues,this study proposes an efficient routing protection algorithm based on optimized network topology(ERPBONT).ERPBONT adopts the optimized network topology to calculate a backup path with the minimum path coincidence degree with the shortest path for all source purposes.Firstly,the backup path with the minimum path coincidence with the shortest path is described as an integer programming problem.Then the simulated annealing algorithm ERPBONT is used to find the optimal solution.Finally,the algorithm is tested on the simulated topology and the real topology.The experimental results show that ERPBONT effectively reduces the path coincidence between the shortest path and the backup path,and significantly improves the routing availability.
文摘In this paper security systems deployed over an area are regarded abstractly as a diagram of security network. We propose the Neyman-Pearson protection model for security systems, which can be used to determine the protection probability of a security system and find the weakest breach path of a security network. We present the weakest breach path problem formulation, which is defined by the breach protection probability of an unauthorized target passing through a guard field, and provide a solution for this problem by using the Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. Finally we study the variation of the breach protection probability with the change of the parameters of the model.
文摘Cathodic protection is an effective electrochemical technique for preventing corrosion of metallic structures, for large structures like piles network impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system is usually preferred. The main aim of this study is to obtain the optimum protection potential that would provide a full cathodic protection for steel piles net-work immersed in sea water at Al-Zubair harbor. The effect of one immeasurable factor (path of anode (χ1)) and two measurable factors (position of anode (χ2) and voltage of power supply (χ3)) on protection potential are studied. Each factor has three different levels (high, medium, and low). Twenty-seven experiments were conducted based on a full factorial design of experiments. The results show that, a sufficient protection for three cathodes can be provided through the electrical circuit connecting them within the appropriate geometric shape.The protection potential is icreased with increasing the voltage of power supply and decreasing of distance between the anode and cathodes (piles network).
文摘General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.
基金the Key Project supported by the National Social Science Fund,“Study on the Relationship between the Rule of Law and the Rule of Morality”(14AZD135)The Key Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of Ministry of Education,“Study on Promoting the National Inspection and Supervision Covering all Sectors”(18JZD037)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Southwest University of Political Science and Law,“Research on the Issue of Criminal Law Protection of Citizens’Right to Education”(2019XZXS-066)
文摘The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.
文摘业界提出利用路由保护算法来解决网络中的故障问题,然而已有的路由保护算法存在4个方面的问题:1)无法应对网络中所有可能的单故障情形;2)需要额外辅助机制的协助;3)不支持增量部署;4)每个结点存储多个到达目的地址的备份下一跳.提出一种基于转发图的域内路由保护算法(an intradomain routing protection algorithm based on forwarding graph,RPBFG)来解决这4个问题.首先建立了以最大化故障保护率为目标、以转发图包含反向最短路径树为约束条件的路由保护模型;然后提出了利用遗传算法构造满足上述目标的转发图;最后根据构造的转发图计算出所有结点到达目的结点的备份下一跳.在11个真实拓扑结构中比较了RPBFG,NPC,U-turn,MARA-MA,MARA-SPE在故障保护率和路径拉伸度的性能.实验结果表明,RPBFG可以应对网络中所有可能的单故障;在平均路径拉伸度方面,RPBFG比NPC,U-turn,MARA-MA,MARA-SPE分别降低了0.11%,0.72%,37.79%,36.26%.