Rule acquisition of three-way semi-concept lattices in formal decision context

Three-way concept analysis is an important tool for information processing,and rule acquisition is one of the research hotspots of three-way concept analysis.However,compared with three-way concept lattices,three-way semi-concept lattices have three-way operators with weaker constraints,which can generate more concepts.In this article,the problem of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices is discussed in general.The authors construct the finer relation of three-way semi-concept lattices,and propose a method of rule acquisition for three-way semi-concept lattices.The authors also discuss the set of decision rules and the relationships of decision rules among object-induced three-way semi-concept lattices,object-induced three-way concept lattices,classical concept lattices and semi-concept lattices.Finally,examples are provided to illustrate the validity of our conclusions.

Three-way group decision making with linguistic evaluations

Based on linguistic evaluations, a linguistic threeway decision method is proposed. First, the alternatives are rated in linguistic forms and divided into acceptance, rejection and uncertainty regions. Secondly, the linguistic three-way group decision steps are provided. Specifically, the experts determine the lower bound and upper bound of the uncertainty region, respectively. When the evaluation is superior to the upper bound, the corresponding alternative is put into the acceptance region directly. Similarly, when the evaluation is inferior to the lower bound, the corresponding alternative is put into the rejection region directly, and the remaining alternatives are put into the uncertain region. Moreover, the objects in the uncertainty region are especially discussed. The linguistic terms are transformed into fuzzy numbers and then aggregated. Finally, a recommendation example is provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed method.

An adaptive dwell time scheduling model for phased array radar based on three-way decision

Real-time resource allocation is crucial for phased array radar to undertake multi-task with limited resources,such as the situation of multi-target tracking,in which targets need to be prioritized so that resources can be allocated accordingly and effectively.A three-way decision-based model is proposed for adaptive scheduling of phased radar dwell time.Using the model,the threat posed by a target is measured by an evaluation function,and therefore,a target is assigned to one of the three possible decision regions,i.e.,positive region,negative region,and boundary region.A different region has a various priority in terms of resource demand,and as such,a different radar resource allocation decision is applied to each region to satisfy different tracking accuracies of multi-target.In addition,the dwell time scheduling model can be further optimized by implementing a strategy for determining a proper threshold of three-way decision making to optimize the thresholds adaptively in real-time.The advantages and the performance of the proposed model have been verified by experimental simulations with comparison to the traditional twoway decision model and the three-way decision model without threshold optimization.The experiential results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed model has a certain advantage in detecting high threat targets.

Stress and Fracture Strength Analysis for Three-Way Pipes

Three-way pipes, T and Y pipes, are very important connecting components in pipeline systems, their strength are related to the safety of pipelines. In the case that crack is not detected in the three-way pipe, ANSYS finite element program version 5.6 is applied to study the stress distribution of the three-way pipe and to obtain the optimum fillet radius in the crotch region of the two pipes. The reasonable intersection angle of the two pipes is also obtained. In the case that a surface crack is detected in the three-way pipe, the maximum stress intensity factor (SIF) near the front of the surface crack is studied.

Quaternary Oxide of Cerium, Terbium, Praseodymium and Zirconium for Three-Way Catalysts

Oxygen storage-capacity （OSC）, oxygen buffer capacity （OBC）, X-my diffraction and electron diffraction pattern, high resolution electron microscopy were used to study the quaternary oxides, i .e., of Ce, Tb, Pr and Zr. （Ce0.6 Tb0.2Zr0.2O2- δ and Ce0.6Pr0.2Zr0.2O2-δ ）. OSC and OBC data indicate that these oxides have very good oxygen transfer capacity （OTC） and their pseudo-solid solutions exhibit fluorite-type structure. These oxides may act as a good candidate for three-way catalysts （TWC）.

Durability of three-way and close-coupled catalysts for Euro IV regulation

The durability of three-way catalyst （TWC） and corresponding close-coupled catalyst （CCC） for Euro Ⅳ stage regulation was investigated through Vehicle Road Running Mode tests, whereas emissions of regulated pollutants of three car fleet were investigated at every 100,000 km miles. The results showed that HC, NOx, and CO emission values could meet Euro Ⅳ regulation limits at every point. The redox properties of TWC and CCC were measured by CO reduction during each isothermal. It was obvious that both aged TWC and aged CCC behaved a good redox property at 673 and 773 K. Based on XRD and BET measurement results, TWC and CCC washcoat were characterized with good thermal stability.

Dynamic characteristics of the high-flow water three-way valve

Operating principle of water three-way valve with high flow for individual hydraulic prop in coal was presented in this paper, its strict and precise mathematical model was established, its flow field was simulated numerically by software Fluent, and its dynamic characteristics were analyzed during the work process such as raising leg, loading and overflow, the influence of the related parameters on high-flow water three-way valve was determined. The results as follows： during the raising leg stage and early raising leg stage, when the damping ratio increases, the overshoot of system decreases and the setting time reduces, and the dynamic response performance has a significant improvement. During the loading stage and the overflow stage, the pressure in plunger chamber of single hydraulic prop, the output flow and the displacement of the high-flow water three-way valve decrease with the decreasing of the external load. The spring stiffness of the safety valve directs the flow and the spool＇s displacement of the safety valve, and it can be used to control the high-flow three-way valve＇s sensitivity.

A Decode-and-Forward Scheme for LDPC Coded Three-Way Relay Fading Channels

In this paper a low-density pairwise check(LDPC) coded three-way relay system is considered, where three user nodes desire to exchange messages with the help of one relay node. Since physical-layer network coding is applied, two time slots are sufficient for one round information exchange. In this paper, we present a decode-and-forward(DF) scheme based on joint LDPC decoding for three-way relay channels, where relay decoder partially decodes the network code rather than fully decodes all the user messages. Simulation results show that the new DF scheme considerably outperforms other common schemes in three-way relay fading channels.

Three-Way Behavioral Decision Making With Hesitant Fuzzy Information Systems:Survey and Challenges

Three-way decision(T-WD)theory is about thinking,problem solving,and computing in threes.Behavioral decision making(BDM)focuses on effective,cognitive,and social processes employed by humans for choosing the optimal object,of which prospect theory and regret theory are two widely used tools.The hesitant fuzzy set(HFS)captures a series of uncertainties when it is difficult to specify precise fuzzy membership grades.Guided by the principles of three-way decisions as thinking in threes and integrating these three topics together,this paper reviews and examines advances in three-way behavioral decision making(TW-BDM)with hesitant fuzzy information systems(HFIS)from the perspective of the past,present,and future.First,we provide a brief historical account of the three topics and present basic formulations.Second,we summarize the latest development trends and examine a number of basic issues,such as one-sidedness of reference points and subjective randomness for result values,and then report the results of a comparative analysis of existing methods.Finally,we point out key challenges and future research directions.

Influence of Ce_(0.35)Zr_(0.55)Y_(0.10) Solid Solution on Performance of Pt-Rh Three-Way Catalysts

Ce0.35Zr0.55Y0. 10 solid solution was prepared by co-precipitation technique and characterized by specific surface area measurements （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Ce0.35Zr0.55Y0.10 was used to prepare low Pt-Rh threeway catalyst （TWC）, and its influence on the performance of TWC was investigated. The results revealed that Ce0.35 Zr0.55Y0.10 had a cubic structure similar to Ce0.50Zr0.50O2 and its specific surface area can maintain higher than Ce0.50 Zr0.50O2 after 1000 ℃ calcination for 5 h. Being hydrothermal aged at 1000 ℃ for 5 h, the catalyst containing Ce0.35 Zr0.55Y0.10 still exhibited higher conversion of C3H8, CO and NO and lower light-off temperature in comparison with Ce0.50Zr0.50O2 TWC.

Influences of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O Contents on Three-Way Catalyst Performances

A series of catalysts with (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents range from 0 to 50% in coating and single-palladium loads on substrates were prepared to study effects of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents on catalytic activities and durability by contrasting the characteristics of light-off, A/F and catalytic conversions of the fresh catalysts with that of the aged catalysts. The results show that (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O can enhance the catalysts light-off characteristics, widen A/F windows and increase catalytic conversions at a certain extent through optimizing physical structural and chemical property of the mixed coating. However, (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents influence greatly on the catalysts activities and durability, and the catalysts with contents ranging from 10% to 30% exhibited better integrative properties in all samples, and 10% was the optical content to make the catalyst performance highest in this thesis. It is indicated that an suitable content of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O plays an important role in assisting catalysis, enhancing durability and increasing oxygen storage capability.

Regulated and Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Dual Fuel Light Duty Vehicle with and Without a Three-Way Catalyst

The regulated pollutants （CO,HC and NOx） and unregulated pollutants （volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds）,emitted from a dual fuel vehicle fueled with gasoline and E10 fuel,are measured under a transient cycle and steady modes.The impacts of a three-way catalyst （TWC） are investigated for the two types of fuels.The measured results show that NOx and acetaldehyde emitted from the E10-fueled car are much more than that from the gasoline-fueled car under the same modes.On the basis of maximum incremental reactivity （MIR） factors and emissions of organic gases,the ozone specific reactivity of the tailpipe gases are evaluated.

Design of an Electric Forklift

In order to achieve integration of electrmotion and manual operation for manual forklift, this paper designs an improved manual forklift. We select the appropriate motor according to parameters of original manual forklift, which was analyzed by SolidWorks. We make the detailed design of the speed reducer according to the selected motor＇s rated speed and other parameters, and design the reduction speed ratio, reduction speed form, size of gear drive, meshing parameters, force analysis of gear and strength check. In this paper, we electrify the traditional manual forklift eventually.

Energy Optimization Oriented Three-Way Clustering Algorithm for Cloud Tasks

Cloud computing has developed as an important information technology paradigm which can provide on-demand services. Meanwhile,its energy consumption problem has attracted a grow-ing attention both from academic and industrial communities. In this paper,from the perspective of cloud tasks,the relationship between cloud tasks and cloud platform energy consumption is established and analyzed on the basis of the multidimensional attributes of cloud tasks. Furthermore,a three-way clustering algorithm of cloud tasks is proposed for saving energy. In the algorithm,f irst,t he cloud tasks are classified into three categories according to the content properties of the cloud tasks and resources respectively. Next,cloud tasks and cloud resources are clustered according to their computation characteristics（ e. g. computation-intensive,data-intensive）. Subsequently,greedy scheduling is performed. The simulation results showthat the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the energy cost and improve resources utilization,compared with the general greedy scheduling algorithm.

Failure Analysis of Railway Forklifts and Their Current Reliability Levels

The number of forklifts ranks first among the material handling machinery in railway goods yards. It is important to analyze their failures and to assess their reliability. In this paper, the failure distribution, failure modes and laws of failure distribution of railway forklifts are analyzed based on the field data. The comprehensive assessment of the reliability level of the railway forklifts is also presented according to the reliability index system of forklifts.

A Conceptual Framework for the Forklift-to-Grid (F2G) Implementation

This paper focuses on presenting the current research findings on the “Vehicle to Grid” concept and proposes theoretical model of F2G integration in energy management of a warehouse. The study is based on an analysis of collected data and on model calculations of the economic value. Analyses of data, calculations of economic value and profitability of the proposed business model give positive results, which fully confirm the thesis that the integration of renewable energy sources and new modern technologies in the logistic processes can improve energy management.

Control strategy for energy recovery system in hybrid forklift

After analyzing the working condition of the conventional diesel forklift,an energy recovery system in hybrid forklift is considered and its simulation model is built.Then,the control strategy for the proposed energy recovery system is discussed,which is validated and evaluated by simulation.The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve balance of the power and keep the state of charge(SOC) of ultra capacitor in a reasonable range,and the fuel consumption can be reduced by about 20.8% compared with the conventional diesel forklift.Finally,the feasibility of the simulation results is experimentally verified based on the lifting energy recovery system.

INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL THREE-WAY SOLENOID VALVE

Objective A novel high-speed three-way solenoid valve is developed, which is used for the common-rail injection system equipped on DME powered engine. In order to improve the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid. Methods Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spool stroke, drive voltage, negative demagnetizing pulse and two drive schemes on the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve. Results The results show that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve can be remarkably improved by shortening the spool stroke and increasing the drive voltage. Simultaneously, the difference between the response time of closing valve and that of opening valve decreases. At each different drive voltage, there exists an optimal negative demagnetizing pulse corresponding to the same positive exciting pulse. At this optimal pulse, the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is the best. In addition, the high drive voltage can lead to the smaller optimal negative demagnetizing pulse. It is also indicated from the experiments that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is better when the NO.1 drive scheme is adopted. The lower drive voltage results in the larger difference between the dynamic response performances for the two drive schemes. Conclusion The dynamic response performance of a novel three-way solenoid valve is good.

Effect of Sulfur on the Performance of Three-Way Catalysts

Sulfur content is one of the fuel properties to be monitored. Sulfur dioxide, the major product derived from organic sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas emissions, is a poison to the three-way catalysts (TWC). A gas mixture was applied to simulate the exhaust gases used in the TWC aging procedure tests. Two types of the TWC, REX-IIC and REX-IID, were tested in this study. The performance of both TWC's before and after the 100-hour sulfur aging program was compared. It was concluded that the Pt component in the TWC was apt to be poisoned by sulfur much easily than Rh. The performance of the REX-IID catalyst was generally better than that of the REX-IIC catalyst.

Fattening Effects of Two Kinds of Three-way Crossbreeding Commercial Pigs

To understand the fattening performance of Duroc x Landrace×Yorkshire and Duroc×Yorkshire x landrace, 48 individuals of two kinds of three-way crossbreeding lean type commercial pigs were selected to determine average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed gain ratio. The backtat thickness and eye muscle area of pigs were measured at the end of trial. The results showed that Duroc × Landraee × Yorkshire and Dttroc × Yorkshire x Landrace had similar fattening performance, and could be applied under scientific management conditions. The study is of great significance for development of pig industry.