Distribution of H-FABP mRNA in Hybrids of Songliao Black Pig×Sus scrofa

[ Objective] This study was to investigate the distribution of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa, so as to provide references for revealing the physiological functions of this gene. [Method] With the mRNA from different tissues as template, RT-PCR amplification was carried out for cloning cDNA of hybrid pig, which was then used for PCR reaction using specific primers; the amplification products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed by sequencing for detecting the distribution pattern of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa. [ Result] H-FABP expressed in all the twelve tissues including subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, mammary gland, Iongissimus dorsi muscle, dorsal deltoid muscle, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, ileum and duodenum. [ Conclusion] The wide distribution of H-FABP gene suggests that its functions are important and multiple.

Comparative Study on Growing-finishing Performance and Meat Quality of Different Hybrid Combinations in Pigs

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the production performance of three pig cultivars through their fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality for facilitating its application in practical production. [ Method] Three pig cultivars were selected including Yesong （ F1 hybrid of pure-bred wild boar cross with songliao black sow as female parent） hybrid pigs, D × L × Y pigs from three-way cross and L x Y pigs from two-way cross. The test pigs in early period （before 60 kg） and late period （after 60 kg） were all fed with diets of the same nutritional level by free feeding and drinking water. The pre-test period was 3 d, while the test period was 120 d. Every 30 days, pigs with an empty stomach were weighed on morning, and when fattening to 120 d, five pigs with good growth and development in each cultivar were selected for slaughter to determine carcass traits and meat quality. [ Result] Under the same diets and feeding conditions, average daily gain and weight gain in the whole period of pigs from three-way cross were all significantly higher than those of pigs from two-way cross, and also extremely higher than those of Yesong pigs. There was no difference in dressed carcass percentage, backfat thickness and proportion of hind leg among three hybrid combinations. Lean meat percentage and eye muscle area of pigs from three-way cross and pigs from two-way cross were all significantly higher than those of Yesong pigs. Yesong pigs had relatively darker carnation, but marble vein （P〈0.05） and water loss rate （P〈0. 01 ） of Yesong pigs were relatively fewer than those of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross. Shear force of Yesong pigs was significantly higher than that of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross, [ Conclusion] Yesong hybrid pigs make full use of heterosis between wild pigs and Songliao black pigs for improvement of its meat quality, but some values of major economic traits in Yesong hybrid pigs is still lower than those in pigs from thrae-way cross and pigs from two-way cress.

Fattening Effects of Two Kinds of Three-way Crossbreeding Commercial Pigs

To understand the fattening performance of Duroc x Landrace×Yorkshire and Duroc×Yorkshire x landrace, 48 individuals of two kinds of three-way crossbreeding lean type commercial pigs were selected to determine average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed gain ratio. The backtat thickness and eye muscle area of pigs were measured at the end of trial. The results showed that Duroc × Landraee × Yorkshire and Dttroc × Yorkshire x Landrace had similar fattening performance, and could be applied under scientific management conditions. The study is of great significance for development of pig industry.

Haematological Traits of Nigerian Indigenous Pig and Its Hybrid (50% Large White ×50 NIP) at Post Weaning Ages

Pigs play a major role in socioeconomic life of the people;it serves as a source of income for rural population and fulfill important role in culture and food security. Fifty-one weaners were randomly selected at 9, 17 and 25 weeks of age for analysis. Blood from the jugular vein of the weaners was taken to the laboratory for analysis. The leaukocyte parameters used for this study were White blood cell count (WBC), Lymphocyte (LYM) count, Neutrophil (NEU) count, Eosinophil (EOS) and Monocyte (MON) count) and Platelet (PLT) count. Data collected on these leaukocyte parameters were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that at 9 weeks of age, compared with the female hybrid, the male hybrid had higher PCV, NEU and EOS (33.12% ± 2.73%, 31.00% ± 3.37% and 0.38% ± 0.18% respectively) values, while the female NIP had higher WBC, LYM and MON (24.55 ± 1.09 × 103/μl, 56.00% ± 3.24% and 0.50% ± 0.50%) values respectively. At 17 weeks of age, the male hybrid had higher WBC and NEU (32.18 ± 1.92 × 103/μl and 32.38% ± 3.56%) values while the female had higher PCV, LYM, EOS and MON (42.50% ± 1.50%, 63.00% ± 5.0%, 2.50% ± 2.50% and 4.50% ± 1.50%) values. At 25 weeks of age, the female hybrid had higher values in all the parameters with the exception of NEU and MON where male had higher values. These ages can be used as criteria for selection for immunocompetence in pigs.

Mapping of Microsatellite SW943 to Porcine Chromosome 12p11-(2/3p13) Using Primed in situ Synthesis and Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel

The porcine microsatellite SW943 was regionally localized on 12p11-(2/3p13) by the two methods: the Primed in situ (PRINS) labelling on the pachytene bivalents of pigs using the Dig-11-dUTP as the report molecule and pig X rodent Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel (SCHP) which contains 27 cell lines through PCR amplification. Advantages and disadvantages of the two methods for physical mapping of microsatellites were also discussed.

Pre-Weaning Growth Traits in Nigerian Indigenous Pig Crossbreds

Forty-seven hybrid progenies from crossbreeding between the Nigerian indigenous pig (NIP) and Large white pigs were used. Body measurements and live weight were recorded weekly from first week of birth to their weaning date. Body measurements taken were Body Weight (BW), Body Length (BL), Body Height (BH), Heart girth (HG) and Rump circumference (RC) of crossbred progenies. The correlation between the reproductive parameters and growth performance of hybrid pigs were established with good management practice. The mean for weaning weight was 6.72 ± 0.02, birth weight 0.91 ± 0.13, litter size at birth 5.36 ± 1.87, litter size at weaning 5.29 ± 1.97, litter weight at birth 4.56 ± 1.57, total litter weight at weaning 33.91 ± 11.6, average daily weaning weight 0.73 ± 0.12, average litter size at birth 0.93 ± 0.11 and sex ratio 97.78% ± 8.61%. The male and female mean values for weight of animals were 6.96 ± 1.0 and 6.52 ± 0.9 with male heavier in weight and higher in morphometric traits such as body length, heart girth and rump circumference, while the female were high in morphometric traits such as snout length, ear length and body height. The correlation matrix for body weight against linear body measurements in pre-weaned NIP crossbreds indicates that all the parameters could be used to select for body weight. The linear equation generated by regressing body weight on snout length, body height, rump circumference, heart girth and body length could be used by resource poor pig farmers in the estimation of body weight of pre weaned crossbreds pigs if they cannot afford weighing scales.

<i>Balantidium coli</i>in Pigs Regularly Slaughtered at Abattoirs of the Province of Messina: Hygienic Observations

Balantidium coli is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and pork is considered the major source of Balantidium infection in humans. Transmission is direct and commonly occurs through the ingestion of water and food, especially vegetables, contaminated with infectious cysts. Ingestion of meat contaminated, with faecal material during the evisceration process, can represent a potential risk of B. coli transmission. In order to determine the rate of B. coli infection in pigs regularly slaughtered at abattoirs in the province of Messina (Sicily, Italy), faecal samples of 242 pigs (122 commercial hybrid and 120 Nero Siciliano pigs) were collected and evaluated by standard methods for the presence of trophozoites and/or cysts. A total of 105 of the commercial hybrid (86.06%), but only 44 of the Nero Siciliano (36.66%) pigs, were identified as positive for B. coli infection. The results obtained, may be linked to the type of farming employed.

Effects of Addition of Amino Acids or Soybean Phospholipid in Diet on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Pigs

[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.

杂交导入巴克夏血统对苏紫猪生长育肥性状的影响分析

为了探讨含不同巴克夏猪(巴克夏)血统含量(0、25%、50%)的苏紫猪生长育肥性状有无显著改善,选取68头不同类型的苏紫猪,初始体重在30 kg左右,采用全自动种猪生产性能测定系统进行分批次测定。结果显示:试验共获得130700条有效采食和称重数据,深入分析后发现不同巴克夏血统含量的苏紫猪达相关体重的日龄不同,达60 kg和90 kg体重日龄均为含50%巴克夏血统苏紫猪最大,显著大于无巴克夏血统苏紫猪(P<0.05)。30~60 kg生长阶段的日增重,含25%巴克夏血统和无巴克夏血统苏紫猪显著高于含50%巴克夏血统苏紫猪(P<0.05);30~90 kg和30~110 kg生长阶段的日增重,均为无巴克夏血统苏紫猪最高,显著高于含50%巴克夏血统苏紫猪(P<0.05)。30~90 kg和30~100 kg生长阶段的料重比,均为含50%巴克夏血统苏紫猪最低,且显著低于含25%巴克夏血统和无巴克夏血统苏紫猪(P<0.05)。结论:杂交导入巴克夏血统对苏紫猪的生长速度提升不显著,但对其料重比的改善显著,其中含25%巴克夏血统的苏紫猪生长性能比较均衡,未来可以进行优先培育。

小型猪乳磨牙胚SHH的时空表达

目的本研究通过探索SHH在小型猪第三乳磨牙胚的帽状期、钟状期和分泌期的时空表达情况,拟阐明SHH在牙齿发育调控中的作用。方法收集小型孕猪第三乳磨牙胚,通过原位杂交、免疫组化和实时聚合酶链反应检测SHH的m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果原位杂交及免疫组化可见SHH在帽状期少量表达于成釉器,但在釉结部位表达较强。在钟状期,SHH在间充质中表达明显增强;在分泌期,SHH在间充质和成釉器中都有所表达,尤其在成牙本质细胞和内釉上皮细胞中表达增强。PCR结果显示,在钟状期,SHH在上皮中表达较多,而在帽状期和分泌期,SHH在上皮和间充质中的表达未见明显统计学差异。结论SHH可能在调节上皮形态发育方面具有重要功能,参与调节信号级联,介导上皮和间充质之间的相互作用,本研究进一步完善了小型猪牙齿发育的信号分子网络。

东北地区民猪优良地方品种的保护与杂交利用研究进展

民猪是我国东北地区特有的优良地方品种,具有繁殖能力强、适应环境能力强、体质强健、脂肪沉积能力强和肉质好等种质特性。为了促进民猪的保护和开发利用,从民猪的保种历程、杂交品种培育及其开发利用情况进行了阐述。详细介绍了我国东北地区特有的哈白猪、辽宁黑猪、新金猪、吉林黑猪、吉林花猪、三江白猪和松辽黑猪等杂交品种的培育情况。民猪是我国重要的生猪品种资源,在保持民猪优良特性的基础上应不断提升其生产性能和经济效益,并加强民猪的开发利用,提高民猪的市场竞争力,实现民猪开发利用和资源保护的良性循环。

甘肃4种地方杂交黑猪肉品质与营养成分比较

试验旨在分析比较4种杂交黑猪肉的肉质性状、营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸等含量的差异,为地方特色杂交黑猪肉生产提供数据支撑和理论依据。试验选择甘肃省舟曲县4个农民合作社提供的4个品种杂交黑猪24头,采集每头猪背最长肌,采用国标法测定肉质和常规营养成分指标。结果表明:中舟黑猪失水率、熟肉率显著高于其他三种黑猪(P<0.05)。中舟黑猪肌肉中粗脂肪含量显著高于其他三种黑猪(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量显著高于河太黑和杜太黑猪(P<0.05)。中舟黑猪肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他三种黑猪(P<0.05),不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸显著低于其他三种黑猪(P<0.05);中舟黑猪肌肉中氨基酸总量显著低于杜关黑猪和杜太黑猪(P<0.05),但肌肉中鲜味氨基酸含量高于其他三种黑猪。说明中舟黑猪肌肉中氨基酸更丰富,脂肪酸比例更合理,更适合进行保种和开发研究。

香苏杂交猪KAT2B基因多态性与其生长性状的关联分析

【目的】了解香苏杂交猪组蛋白乙酰转移酶P300/CBP结合因子(KAT2B)基因在组织中的表达量,筛选其单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,并分析基因多态性与生长性状的关联性,为香苏杂交猪新品系培育提供参考依据。【方法】以香苏杂交猪为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测KAT2B基因在3日龄和6月龄不同组织中的相对表达量,通过直接测序检测KAT2B基因的SNP位点,统计SNP位点等位基因频率、基因型频率、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、有效等位基因数(Ne)及平均多肽信息含量(PIC)等,以卡方(χ^(2))检验分析基因型是否处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,分析不同基因型与香苏杂交猪生长性状的关联性。【结果】实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,KAT2B基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和背最长肌6个组织中均有表达,与3日龄相比,6月龄KAT2B基因相对表达量在肝脏和脾脏组织中极显著升高(P<0.01,下同),在肺脏中极显著降低。KAT2B基因Exon-2、Exon-14和Exon-15区域均分别存在1个外显子突变,分别为g.36682G>A、g.104540G>T和g.106651A>G,3个SNPs位点PIC均处于中度多态性水平且Hardy-Weinberg平衡。g.36682G>A位点优势基因型为GA型,等位基因频率G>A;g.104540G>T位点优势基因型为GG型,等位基因频率G>T;g.106651A>G位点优势基因型为AA型,等位基因频率A>G。关联分析结果表明,g.36682G>A位点各基因型生长性状之间无显著差异(P>0.05),g.106651A>G位点AA基因型与AG基因型胸深存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】香苏杂交猪KAT2B基因在各组织中均有表达且存在3个SNPs位点(g.36682G>A、g.104540G>T和g.106651A>G),KAT2B基因可作为与香苏杂交猪生长性状相关的候选基因。

杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

杂种优势是指杂种后代的性能优于双亲群体的现象。杂交能有效提高后代的生长发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病性,因此被广泛应用于动植物生产。研究人员利用杂交育种技术培育了超优千号杂交水稻、小偃6号杂交小麦、杜蒙羊、山下黑猪等优秀的农牧新品系和配套系。然而当前的杂种优势研究仍存在一些亟待解决的问题:现有杂种优势理论只能部分解释动植物杂种优势现象,动物杂种优势理论研究较少,且现有的杂种优势预测方法准确性有限。我国是世界上最大的猪肉生产消费国,杂种优势能够有效提高生猪生产性能,在生猪产业的应用方面具有重要的经济和研究价值。但目前有关猪杂交生产研究还处于起步阶段,亟待进一步深入。本文综述了现有的杂种优势理论、杂种优势预测方法,及其在猪生产中的应用研究,以期为杂种优势在生猪育种中的应用提供借鉴与参考。

全产业链猪育种体系构建的研究进展

我国是世界上生猪生产与猪肉消费第一大国。生猪产业是我国畜牧业的支柱产业。良种是保障生猪产业健康发展的重要基础,是提升生猪产业核心竞争力的关键。经过几十年的发展,我国生猪种业自主创新能力持续提高,良种供给能力不断增强,夯实了生猪产业的发展根基。但是我国种猪性能水平与国际先进水平还有差距,依然需要大力支持专业化育种和联合育种发展,构建以市场为导向、企业为主体,产学研深度融合的创新体系,逐步建立基于全产业链的新型育种体系,建成更加高效的生猪良种繁育体系。但是国内对如何构建全产业链的育种体系,及该体系的理论基础却鲜有报道。因此,本文主要阐述育种体系的发展历程、全产业链育种体系的理论基础和研究进展,为生猪种业的发展提供一定的参考。

发酵饲料桑对育肥猪生长性能、营养成分及免疫功能的影响

文章旨在研究发酵饲料桑对育肥猪生长性能、营养成分及免疫功能的影响,试验选用90头平均体重为(60±3.59)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪为研究对象,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。各处理中发酵桑粉的添加量分别为0%、4%、8%、12%和16%,进行为期50 d的养殖试验。结果表明,发酵饲料桑的添加量为12%及以下时,与对照组相比,育肥猪的末重、平均日采食量、平均日增重和料肉比无明显差异(P>0.05)。不同添加水平的发酵饲料桑对育肥猪猪肉的水分、粗蛋白和肌肉脂肪含量无显著影响(P>0.05),随着添加水平的升高,猪肉粗蛋白含量略微上升,肌肉脂肪含量略微下降。添加12%发酵饲料桑时,可以显著降低猪肉饱和脂肪酸的比例,显著提高猪肉不饱和脂肪酸的比例(P<0.05)。不同添加水平的发酵饲料桑对猪肉多不饱和脂肪酸的比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加12%的发酵饲料桑时,可以显著降低血清IgG、IgM和IgA水平(P<0.05)。不同添加量的发酵饲料桑对育肥猪血清免疫细胞因子水平无显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究表明,基础饲料中添加12%的发酵饲料桑对育肥猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料肉比无显著负面影响,并在一定程度上能改善猪肉营养品质,显著提高育肥猪血清中免疫球蛋白的水平,提高免疫功能。

中国主要地方猪资源杂交利用屠宰性能对比分析

不同品种杂交配套是地方猪资源开发的重要途径。为获得兼顾生产性能和风味品质的商品代,我国围绕地方猪品种开展不同组合杂交研究。目前杂交组合众多,且尚无针对地方猪杂交利用性能数据统计的报道。本文统计研究较多的18个地方猪及培育品种共119种杂交组合,分析对比后代屠宰率、瘦肉率、眼肌面积、背膘厚、肌内脂肪含量等屠宰性能。结果发现,二元杂交中,各杂交系的屠宰率差异不显著,但其他屠宰性能存在差异(P<0.05);三元杂交中,两广小花猪杂交系的屠宰性能与其他杂交系存在显著差异(P<0.05)本文对高品质猪肉生产、地方猪品种选择和杂交方式组合具有重要参考意义。

不同屠宰体重对三元杂交猪屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响

试验旨在讨论不同屠宰体重对三元杂交猪(杜×长×大)屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。选择同一饲养环境下的去势公猪,按照屠宰体重分为4组:110 kg(G1组)、125 kg(G2组)、140 kg(G3组)、150 kg(G4组),共计16头猪。结果表明:1)屠宰性能:G4组胴体直长、胴体斜长、头重均显著高于G1组(P<0.05);G3背膘厚显著高于G1组和G4组(P<0.05);G3组及G4组板油重显著高于G1和G2(P<0.05);对其他指标无显著性影响(P>0.05)。2)胴体品质:G3组肉色评分(德、美)和大理石纹评分显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);G4组滴水损失显著高于G1组(P<0.05);G2组嫩度显著高于G4组(P<0.05)。综上,屠宰体重110~150 kg的三元杂交猪在屠宰指标及胴体品质上差异显著。140~150 kg的屠宰体重对肉色、纹理和外观有积极影响,但150 kg的屠宰体重会增加滴水损失;125 kg的屠宰体重可能在嫩度上表现更佳。适宜的屠宰体重为125~140 kg。

长×大×通、大×长×通杂交猪及其亲本的生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质比较研究

试验以通城猪为母本,长白猪(瑞典)、大白猪(英国)为父本进行三元杂交,对两个三元杂交猪(长×(大×通)、大×(长×通),简称为长×大×通、大×长×通)及亲本分别从生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质方面进行了比较。结果显示,长×大×通和大×长×通三元杂交猪的生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质均表现出较好的杂种优势。长×大×通三元杂交猪的测定期平均日增重、料重比、活体背膘厚、剪切力、大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量的杂种优势率分别为12.54%、-13.89%、10.39%、-8.71%、-8.33%和8.57%,大×长×通的杂种优势率分别为10.81%、-11.05%、10.55%、-6.50%、6.67%和2.44%。长×大×通和大×长×通两者比较,长×大×通三元杂交猪的试验期平均日增重、眼肌面积及腿臀肉骨率分别为843.4g/d、34.51cm^2和73.54%,大×长×通三元杂交猪分别为808.6g/d、31.45cm2和70.67%,二者差异均显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,以通城猪为母本进行的两个三元杂交猪的生长和胴体性状显著优于亲本通城猪,肉质显著优于亲本长白猪和大白猪,且长×大×通组合优于大×长×通组合。

用原位杂交法研究猪下丘脑内瘦素长形受体mRNA的分布定位

用体外转录方法合成了瘦素 (leptin)长形受体 (Ob Rb)反义和正义RNA探针 ,用原位杂交法研究了 5头 2～ 3月龄母猪下丘脑内瘦素长形受体mRNA的分布定位。结果表明 ,猪瘦素长形受体mRNA分布于下丘脑的弓状核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、室旁核。