Novel damage constitutive models and new quantitative identification method for stress thresholds of rocks under uniaxial compression

Four key stress thresholds exist in the compression process of rocks,i.e.,crack closure stress(σ_(cc)),crack initiation stress(σ_(ci)),crack damage stress(σ_(cd))and compressive strength(σ_(c)).The quantitative identifications of the first three stress thresholds are of great significance for characterizing the microcrack growth and damage evolution of rocks under compression.In this paper,a new method based on damage constitutive model is proposed to quantitatively measure the stress thresholds of rocks.Firstly,two different damage constitutive models were constructed based on acoustic emission(AE)counts and Weibull distribution function considering the compaction stages of the rock and the bearing capacity of the damage element.Then,the accumulative AE counts method(ACLM),AE count rate method(CRM)and constitutive model method(CMM)were introduced to determine the stress thresholds of rocks.Finally,the stress thresholds of 9 different rocks were identified by ACLM,CRM,and CMM.The results show that the theoretical stress−strain curves obtained from the two damage constitutive models are in good agreement with that of the experimental data,and the differences between the two damage constitutive models mainly come from the evolutionary differences of the damage variables.The results of the stress thresholds identified by the CMM are in good agreement with those identified by the AE methods,i.e.,ACLM and CRM.Therefore,the proposed CMM can be used to determine the stress thresholds of rocks.

AUTOMATIC MULTILEVEL THRESHOLDING METHOD BASED ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY

In the multilevel thresholding segmentation of the image, the classification number is always given by the supervisor. To solve this problem, a fast multilevel thresholding algorithm considering both the threshold value and the classification number is proposed based on the maximum entropy, and the self-adaptive criterion of the classification number is given. The algorithm can obtain thresholds and automatically decide the classification number. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective.

An Improved Double-Threshold Method Based on Gradient Histogram

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the output gradient histogram and shortages of several traditional automatic threshold methods in order to segment the gradient image better. Then an improved double-threshold method is proposed, which is combined with the method of maximum classes variance, estimating-area method and double-threshold method. This method can automatically select two different thresholds to segment gradient images. The computer simulation is performed on the traditional methods and this algorithm and proves that this method can get satisfying result. Key words gradient histogram image - threshold selection - double-threshold method - maximum classes variance method CLC number TP 391. 41 Foundation item: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (50099620) and the Project of Chenguang Plan in Wuhan (985003062)Biography: YANG Shen (1977-), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: multimedia information processing and network technology.

Study on the critical stress threshold of weakly cemented sandstone damage based on the renormalization group method

During the microstructural analysis of weakly cemented sandstone,the granule components and ductile structural parts of the sandstone are typically generalized.Considering the contact between granules in the microstructure of weakly cemented sandstone,three basic units can be determined:regular tetrahedra,regular hexahedra,and regular octahedra.Renormalization group models with granule-and pore-centered weakly cemented sandstone were established,and,according to the renormalization group transformation rule,the critical stress threshold of damage was calculated.The results show that the renormalization model using regular octahedra as the basic units has the highest critical stress threshold.The threshold obtained by iterative calculations of the granule-centered model is smaller than that obtained by the pore-centered model.The granule-centered calculation provides the lower limit(18.12%),and the pore-centered model provides the upper limit(36.36%).Within this range,the weakly cemented sandstone is in a phase-like critical state.That is,the state of granule aggregation transforms from continuous to discrete.In the relative stress range of 18.12%-36.36%,the weakly cemented sandstone exhibits an increased proportion of high-frequency signals(by 83.3%)and a decreased proportion of low-frequency signals(by 23.6%).The renormalization calculation results for weakly cemented sandstone explain the high-low frequency conversion of acoustic emission signals during loading.The research reported in this paper has important significance for elucidating the damage mechanism of weakly cemented sandstone.

Mammogram Images Thresholding for Breast Cancer Detection Using Different Thresholding Methods

The purpose of this study is to apply different thresholding in mammogram images, and then we will determine which technique is the best in thresholding (extraction) malignant and benign tumors from the rest breast tissues. The used technique is Otsu method, because it is one of the most effective methods for most real world views with regard to uniformity and shape measures. Also, we present all the thresholding methods that used the concept of between class variance. We found from the experimental results that all the used thresholding techniques work well in detection normal breast tissues. But in abnormal tissues (breast tumors), we found that only neighborhood valley emphasis method gave best detection of malignant tumors. Also, the results demonstrate that variance and intensity contrast technique is the best in extraction the micro calcifications which represent the first signs of breast cancer.

Dual threshold search method for asperity boundary determination based on geodetic and seismic catalog data

As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fault as an example,this paper combines geodetic method and b-value method to propose a multi-source observation data fusion detection method that accurately determines the asperity boundary named dual threshold search method.The method is based on the criterion that the b-value asperity boundary should be most consistent with the slip deficit rate asperity boundary.Then the optimal threshold combination of slip deficit rate and b-value is obtained through threshold search,which can be used to determine the boundary of the asperity.Based on this method,the study finds that there are four potential asperities on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault:two asperities(A1 and A2)are on the Tuolaishan segment and the other two asperities(B and C)are on Lenglongling segment and Jinqianghe segment,respectively.Among them,the lengths of asperities A1 and A2 on Tuolaishan segment are 17.0 km and 64.8 km,respectively.And the lower boundaries are 5.5 km and 15.5 km,respectively;The length of asperity B on Lenglongling segment is 70.7 km,and the lower boundary is 10.2 km.The length of asperity C on Jinqianghe segment is 42.3 km,and the lower boundary is 8.3 km.

A New Regularized Minimum Error Thresholding Method

To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional minimum error threshold method can obtain satisfactory image segmentation results only when the object and background of the image strictly obey a certain type of probability distribution,one proposes the regularized minimum error threshold method and treats the traditional minimum error threshold method as its special case.Then one constructs the discrete probability distribution by using the separation between segmentation threshold and the average gray-scale values of the object and background of the image so as to compute the information energy of the probability distribution.The impact of the regularized parameter selection on the optimal segmentation threshold of the regularized minimum error threshold method is investigated.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed regularized minimum error threshold method,one selects typical grey-scale images and performs segmentation tests.The segmentation results obtained by the regularized minimum error threshold method are compared with those obtained with the traditional minimum error threshold method.The segmentation results and their analysis show that the regularized minimum error threshold method is feasible and produces more satisfactory segmentation results than the minimum error threshold method.It does not exert much impact on object acquisition in case of the addition of a certain noise to an image.Therefore,the method can meet the requirements for extracting a real object in the noisy environment.

Extraction of LUCC with different methods and threshold value

The research of land use and land cover (LUCC) is an important aspect in the global change research. The goal of this study is to find methods of extraction of LUCC’s change outlined and change type from remotely sensed data. Take the country of Fengxian in Shanghai as an example, it was supposed two steps to finish extraction of LUCC information: the first step was to use different methods, which is used to outline change areas; the second step include methods of false composing of two-temporal and threshold value. Through combining two methods, a model rule is built and the LUCC product is obtained, four kinds of change type within the study area are given, and the results are obvious. Finally, the results support the application of the high resolution image and tasseled cap composition (greenness and wetness) in the specific regional too.

An Information Entropy-Based Methodology to Construct the Avulsion Threshold in the Tail Reach of the Estuarine Alluvial Plain

Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.

Tactile sensitivity in ultrasonic haptics: Do different parts of hand and different rendering methods have an impact on perceptual threshold?

Background Ultrasonic tactile representation utilizes focused ultrasound to create tactile sensations on the bare skin of a user's hand that is not in contact with a device.This study is a preliminary investigation on whether different ultrasonic haptic rendering methods have an impact on the perceptual threshold.Methods This study conducted experiments with the adaptive step method to obtain participants'perceptual thresholds.We examine(1)whether different parts on the palm of the hand have different perceptual thresholds;(2)whether the perceptual threshold is different when the ultrasonic focus point is stationary and when it moves in different trajectories;(3)whether different moving speeds of the ultrasonic focus point have an influence on the perceptual threshold;and(4)whether the addition of a DC offset to the modulating wave has an impact on the perceptual threshold.Results The results show that the center of the palm is more sensitive to ultrasonic haptics than the fingertip;compared with a fast-moving focus point,the palm is more sensitive to a stationary and slow-moving focus point.When the modulating wave has a DC offset,the palm is sensitive to a much smaller modulation amplitude.Conclusion For the future ultrasonic tactile representation systems,dynamic adjustment of intensity is required to compensate the difference in perceptual thresholds under different rendering methods to achieve more realistic ultrasonic haptics.

The effects of population aging on industrial structure upgrading:Empirical analysis of provincial and threshold characteristics in China

Global population aging trends are intensifying,presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide.As the world’s largest developing country,China has entered a phase of extreme demographic aging,posing significant questions about its impact on the ongoing upgrading of industrial structures.How does this demographic shift influence the upgrading of industrial structures,and does technological innovation mitigate or exacerbate this impact?The empirical results indicate that population aging impedes upgrading the industrial structure,while technological innovation positively affects the relationship between the two.Moreover,using technological innovation as a threshold variable,the impact of population aging on industrial structure upgrading evolves in a“gradient”manner from“impediment”to“insignificant”to“promotion”as the technological innovation levels increase.These findings offer practical guidance for tailoring industrial policies to different stages of technological advancement.

光照不均匀条件下无人机航拍低照度图像增强方法

增强图像时高低频参数未增强,没有更好地保留图像的细节和平衡图像的亮度,因此,提出一种光照不均匀条件下无人机航拍低照度图像增强方法。首先通过高斯滤波预处理无人机航拍图像,实现无人机航拍图像中的噪声抑制,将预处理后的图像通过小波分解得到图像的高频参数和低频参数,分别通过双边滤波算法、软阈值方法和直方图对图像的低频参数和高频参数进行增强,采用小波重构对增强后的图像高频参数和低频参数进行重构,得到增强后的无人机航拍图像。通过实验验证,该方法能够实现一种效果较好的图像增强,在原始图像基础上,通过文中方法增强原始亮度8.14%、对比度提高了37.90%以及清晰度增加了31.01%,使得图像的整体质量得到了显著提升,为后续的图像分析、处理提供了更加准确、丰富的信息。

Two-Dimensional Entropy Method Based on Genetic Algorithm

Two dimensional(2 D) entropy method has to pay the price of time when applied to image segmentation. So the genetic algorithm is introduced to improve the computational efficiency of the 2 D entropy method. The proposed method uses both the gray value of a pixel and the local average gray value of an image. At the same time, the simple genetic algorithm is improved by using better reproduction and crossover operators. Thus the proposed method makes up the 2 D entropy method’s drawback of being time consuming, and yields satisfactory segmentation results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can save computational time when it provides good quality segmentation.

一种结合DWT与DCT插值的OFDM信道估计新方法

针对传统的基于离散余弦变换(DCT)的正交频分复用(OFDM)信道估计算法去除噪声不够理想的问题,提出了一种结合离散小波变换(DWT)与DCT插值的OFDM信道估计新方法.在对信号进行最小二乘(LS)估计后,利用DWT对信号进行阈值量化消噪处理,然后将循环前缀(CP)内各采样点上的能量均值作为DCT线性插值过程中的阈值,对循环前缀内的噪声进行再次处理,从而进一步降低噪声的影响.对算法的误码率(BER)和均方误差(MSE)等进行了试验仿真.仿真结果表明:文中算法的性能明显优于经典的LS算法、传统的DFT算法、基于改进阈值的DCT信道估计算法.新算法使循环前缀内的噪声得到了有效的抑制,与基于改进阈值的DCT信道估计算法相比,在相同BER下,文中算法的SNR提升了约1 dB;当MSE相同时,文中算法SNR约有2 dB提高.

一种基于DWT的彩色图像数字水印方案

稳健性是图像隐藏水印最基本的要求之一,而水印的嵌入强度、嵌入位置影响水印的稳健性。提出了一种基于小波变换的彩色图像数字水印方案。利用了人眼视觉的掩蔽特性,在彩色图像的蓝色分量小波域的最低层逼近系数分块矩阵中,采用重复嵌入技术自适应地嵌入水印,水印嵌入强度较大,而现有的基于小波变换的算法大多将水印嵌入在各个方向的中频或高频中。水印提取时采用两种方案,从而使该算法的抗剪切能力很强,且提取水印时不需要原始载体图像,而现有水印系统的提取方案是唯一的。实验结果表明该水印系统不仅较好地保持了图像的质量,对JPEG压缩、噪声污染、滤波、缩放、图像锐化、马赛克效应、剪切和联合攻击等图像操作都显示了较强的鲁棒性。

基于ISA-DWT的MR图像压缩新算法

本研究提出一种新的ISA-DWT(整数到整数的形状自适应离散小波变换)的核磁共振(MR)图像压缩算法,对变换后的系数采用适合于形状自适应离散小波变换的修改的SPIHT算法进行编码,并增加上下文自适应算术编码以提高其压缩性能。本研究算法可将前景区域和背景区域生成的压缩码流完全分离,且小波域的系数个数和图像域的个数相同。实验结果表明,对于MR图像,本研究算法的压缩性能明显优于JPEG2000中的最大位移算法。

基于ICA和DWT的数字水印算法研究

研究了小波变换域在低频子带嵌入数字水印的效果、水印嵌入因子对宿主图像质量和提取水印图像质量的影响,研究表明：存在嵌入因子阈值T,在嵌入因子小于T时提取的水印图像有较好的质量,是一种非常有效的数字水印算法.

基于DWT可定位和抵御剪切的水印方案

提出的数字水印算法将图像小波变换理论和分块技术相结合,在小波域的最低层逼近系数分块矩阵中,采用重复嵌入技术自适应地嵌入水印。水印提取时,采用两种提取方案,不仅可以完全抵御剪切攻击,而且可以定位载体图像所遭受的攻击,且提取水印时不需要原始载体图像,而现有水印系统的提取方案是唯一的。该算法易于实现,具有较好的实用价值。

一种基于DWT的快速C-V模型图像分割方法

目的提高C-V模型的演化速度,使其在工程实际中得到广泛应用.方法将离散小波变换(DWT)与C-V模型相结合,实现图像快速分割.利用DWT将图像进行多分辨率分解,得到低频近似子带图像;对该子带图像进行C-V模型预分割,得到小尺寸的水平集函数;将该水平集函数进行小波重建后作为细分割的初始水平集函数,在原图像上进行C-V模型细分割,得到精细的分割结果.结果对目标具有弱边缘、拓扑结构变化以及目标和背景具有不同纹理结构的多种类型图像进行的分割对比实验.快速算法极大地缩短了演化时间,显著提高了C-V模型进行图像分割的速度.而且图像尺寸越小,模型分割图像的时间越短.可以得到与经典C-V模型具有同等精度的分割结果.结论笔者算法在不降低分割精度的同时,显著提高了C-V模型的演化速度,同时又确保了分割精度.

应用DWT-FMM计算二维电大导体目标RCS

文章基于快速多极子的远场近似思想,提出了应用小波变换区分远场作用组中的强作用单元和弱作用单元,并在计算中忽略弱作用单元的方法。该方法让聚集和解聚矩阵更为稀疏,从而加快了它们与向量的相乘过程,应用该方法和快速多极子分别对二维电大导体目标的雷达散射截面进行计算,并将得到的结果进行比较。实验结果表明该方法在不影响精度的同时,有效降低了计算复杂度,且在内存消耗上有了很大的改善。