Although approximately one million sudden cardiac deaths occur yearly in the US and Europe,cardiac arrest (CA)remains a clinical condition still characterized by a poor prognosis.In an effort to improve the cardio- pu...Although approximately one million sudden cardiac deaths occur yearly in the US and Europe,cardiac arrest (CA)remains a clinical condition still characterized by a poor prognosis.In an effort to improve the cardio- pulmonary resuscitation(CPR)technique,the 2005 American Heart Association(AHA)Guidelines for CPR gave the impedance threshold device(ITD)a Class IIa recommendation.The AHA recommendation means that there is strong evidence to demonstrate that ITD enhances circulation,improves hemodynamics and increases the likelihood of resuscitation in patients in CA.During standard CPR,venous blood return to the heart relies on the natural elastic recoil of the chest which creates a transient decrease in intrathoracic pressure.The ITD further decreases intrathoracic pressure by preventing respiratory gases from entering the lungs during the decompression phase of CPR. Thus,although ITD is placed into the respiratory circuit it works as a circulatory enhancer device that provides its therapeutic benefit with each chest decompression. The ease of use of this device,its ability to be incor- porated into a mask and other airway devices,the absence of device-related adverse effects and few requirements in additional training,suggest that ITD may be a favorable new device for improving CPR efficiency.Since the literature is short of studies with clinically meaningful outcomes such as neurological outcome and long term survival,further evidence is still needed.展开更多
We investigate the target and intensity dependence of plateau in high-order above threshold ionization（HATI） by simulating the two-dimensional（2D） momentum distributions and the energy spectra of photoelectrons in...We investigate the target and intensity dependence of plateau in high-order above threshold ionization（HATI） by simulating the two-dimensional（2D） momentum distributions and the energy spectra of photoelectrons in HATI of rare gas atoms through using the quantitative rescattering model. The simulated results are compared with the existing experimental measurements. It is found that the slope of the plateau in the HATI photoelectron energy spectrum highly depends on the structure of elastic scattering differential cross section（DCS） of laser-induced returning electron with its parent ion. The investigations of the long- and short-range potential effects in the DCSs reveal that the short-range potential, which reflects the structure of the target, plays an essential role in generating the HATI photoelectron spectra.展开更多
文摘Although approximately one million sudden cardiac deaths occur yearly in the US and Europe,cardiac arrest (CA)remains a clinical condition still characterized by a poor prognosis.In an effort to improve the cardio- pulmonary resuscitation(CPR)technique,the 2005 American Heart Association(AHA)Guidelines for CPR gave the impedance threshold device(ITD)a Class IIa recommendation.The AHA recommendation means that there is strong evidence to demonstrate that ITD enhances circulation,improves hemodynamics and increases the likelihood of resuscitation in patients in CA.During standard CPR,venous blood return to the heart relies on the natural elastic recoil of the chest which creates a transient decrease in intrathoracic pressure.The ITD further decreases intrathoracic pressure by preventing respiratory gases from entering the lungs during the decompression phase of CPR. Thus,although ITD is placed into the respiratory circuit it works as a circulatory enhancer device that provides its therapeutic benefit with each chest decompression. The ease of use of this device,its ability to be incor- porated into a mask and other airway devices,the absence of device-related adverse effects and few requirements in additional training,suggest that ITD may be a favorable new device for improving CPR efficiency.Since the literature is short of studies with clinically meaningful outcomes such as neurological outcome and long term survival,further evidence is still needed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274219)the STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talentsthe Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,China
文摘We investigate the target and intensity dependence of plateau in high-order above threshold ionization（HATI） by simulating the two-dimensional（2D） momentum distributions and the energy spectra of photoelectrons in HATI of rare gas atoms through using the quantitative rescattering model. The simulated results are compared with the existing experimental measurements. It is found that the slope of the plateau in the HATI photoelectron energy spectrum highly depends on the structure of elastic scattering differential cross section（DCS） of laser-induced returning electron with its parent ion. The investigations of the long- and short-range potential effects in the DCSs reveal that the short-range potential, which reflects the structure of the target, plays an essential role in generating the HATI photoelectron spectra.
