The Gulf Stream and the Californian Current as Factors Affecting the Behavior and Health of Americans

Due to the existence of the Earth's geomagnetic field,Lorentz’s forces constantly act on all sea currents.These forces distribute the charges of sea currents in both vertical and horizontal directions.In particular,this distribution manifests itself in the electric polarization of sea currents in directions perpendicular to them.So,earlier it was shown that the same Lorentz forces cause negative electrization of the Sargasso Sea.It is also shown here that the positive electrization of the western edge of the Gulf Stream and,consequently,the eastern coast of the United States is also caused by the Lorentz force arising from the interaction of this sea current with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field.It is also shown here that the positive electrization of east edge of California Current together with west coast of USA is also caused due to the similar reasons.All this allows us to conclude that an increased concentration of positive air ions is constantly retained in the air both in the east and in the west of the United States.This situation has caused the need for an analysis of how the predominantly positive electrization of the air affects both human health and their physical and mental activity.The results of this analysis are presented here.It is also shown that these results can be useful for residents of some other countries.

Challenges and strategies for in situ endothelialization and long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts

Vascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of ischemic necrosis of tissue and organ,which even result in dysfunction and death.Vascular regeneration or artificial vascular graft,as the conventional treatment modality,has received keen attentions.However,small-diameter(diameter<4 mm)vascular grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia(IH),which makes long-term lumen patency challengeable.Endothelial cells(ECs)form the inner endothelium layer,and are crucial for anti-coagulation and thrombogenesis.Thus,promoting in situ endothelialization in vascular graft remodeling takes top priority,which requires recruitment of endothelia progenitor cells(EPCs),migration,adhesion,proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs.Chemotaxis aimed at ligands on EPC surface can be utilized for EPC homing,while nanofibrous structure,biocompatible surface and cell-capturing molecules on graft surface can be applied for cell adhesion.Moreover,cell orientation can be regulated by topography of scaffold,and cell bioactivity can be modulated by growth factors and therapeutic genes.Additionally,surface modification can also reduce thrombogenesis,and some drug release can inhibit IH.Considering the influence of macrophages on ECs and smooth muscle cells(SMCs),scaffolds loaded with drugs that can promote M2 polarization are alternative strategies.In conclusion,the advanced strategies for enhanced long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts are summarized in this review.Strategies for recruitment of EPCs,adhesion,proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs,anti-thrombogenesis,anti-IH,and immunomodulation are discussed.Ideal vascular grafts with appropriate surface modification,loading and fabrication strategies are required in further studies.