Feasibility and efficacy of delayed pharmacoinvasive therapy for STelevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)refers to a clinical syndrome that features symptoms of myocardial ischemia with consequent ST-elevation on electrocardiography and an associated rise in cardiac biomarkers.Rapid restoration of brisk flow in the coronary vasculature is critical in reducing mortality and morbidity.In patients with STEMI who could not receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)on time,pharmacoinvasive strategy(thrombolysis followed by timely PCI within 3-24 h of its initiation)is an effective option.AIM To analyze the role of delayed pharmacoinvasive strategy in the window period of 24-72 h after thrombolysis.METHODS This was a physician-initiated,single-center prospective registry between January 2017 and July 2017 which enrolled 337 acute STEMI patients with partially occluded coronary arteries.Patients received routine pharmacoinvasive therapy(PCI within 3-24 h of thrombolysis)in one group and delayed pharmacoinvasive therapy(PCI within 24-72 h of thrombolysis)in another group.The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)within 30 d of the procedure.The secondary endpoints included major bleeding as defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification,angina,and dyspnea within 30 d.RESULTS The mean age in the two groups was comparable(55.1±10.1 years vs 54.2±10.5 years,P=0.426).Diabetes was present among 20.2%and 22.1%of patients in the routine and delayed groups,respectively.Smoking rate was 54.6%and 55.8%in the routine and delayed groups,respectively.Thrombolysis was initiated within 6 h of onset of symptoms in both groups(P=0.125).The mean time from thrombolysis to PCI in the routine and delayed groups was 16.9±5.3 h and 44.1±14.7 h,respectively.No significant difference was found for the occurrence of measured clinical outcomes in the two groups within 30 d(8.7%vs 12.9%,P=0.152).Univariate analysis of demographic characteristics and risk factors for patients who reported MACCE in the two groups did not demonstrate any significant correlation.Secondary endpoints such as angina,dyspnea,and major bleeding were non-significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Delayed PCI pharmacoinvasive strategy in a critical diseased but not completely occluded artery beyond 24 h in patients who have been timely thrombolyzed seems a reasonable strategy.

A randomized trail comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with a strategy of short-acting thrombolysis and immediate planned primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction

Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a short acting reduced dose fibrinolytic regimen to promote early infarct related artery (IRA) patency for acyute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Following aspirin and heparin, 166 patients were randomized to a 50 mg bolus of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator(rt PA) or to a same volume sodium chloride injection followed by immediate primary PCI. The end points included patency rates on catheterization laboratory (cath lab) arrival, revascularization results when PCI was performed, complication rates, left ventricular function and restored patency rate following PCI. Results Patency on cath lab arrival was 64% with rt PA (34% TIMI 3,30% TIMI 2), while 31% of placebo (13% TIMI 3, 18% TIMI 2). There was no difference in the restored TIMI 3 rates of IRA between the two groups (85% vs 87%). No difference were observed in stroke or major bleeding. Left ventricular function was similar in both groups (52±9% vs 50±8%), but left ventricular ejection fraction fraction (LVEF) was higher with patent IRA (TIMI 3) on cath lab arrival than that of others (56±12% vs 48±10%).Conclusions Strategy thrombolytic regimens were compatible with subsequent PCI lead to more frequenc early recanalization (before cath lab arrival), which facilitates greater left ventricular function preservation with no augmentation of adverse events.

Intracoronary arterial retrograde thrombolysis with percutaneous coronary intervention: a novel use of thrombolytic to treat acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Clearance of coronary arterial thrombosis is necessary in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is currently no highly-recommended method of thrombus removal during interventional procedures. We describe a new method for opening culprit vessels to treat STEMI: intracoronary arterial retrograde thrombolysis (ICART) with PCI. Methods & Results Eight patients underwent ICART. The guidewire was advanced to the distal coronary artery through the occlusion lesion. Then, we inserted a microcatheter into the distal end of the occluded coronary artery over the guidewire. Urokinase (5–10 wu) mixed with contrast agents was slowly injected into the occluded section of the coronary artery through the microcatheter. The intracoronary thrombus gradually dissolved in 3–17 min, and the effect of thrombolysis was visible in real time. Stents were then implanted according to the characteristics of the recanalized culprit lesion to achieve full revascularization. One patient experienced premature ventricular contraction during vascular revascularization, and no malignant arrhythmias were seen in any patient. No reflow or slow flow was not observed post PCI. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade and myocardial blush grade post-primary PCI was 3 in all eight patients. No patients experienced bleeding or stroke. Conclusions ICART was accurate and effective for treating intracoronary thrombi in patients with STEMI in this preliminary study. ICART was an effective, feasible, and simple approach to the management of STEMI, and no intraprocedural complications occurred in any of the patients. ICART may be a breakthrough in the treatment of acute STEMI.

Does manual thrombus aspiration help optimize stent implantation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction?

AIM: To evaluate the impact of thrombus aspiration(TA) on procedural outcomes in a real-world ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) registry.METHODS: From May 2006 to August 2008, 542 consecutive STEMI patients referred for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and the angiographic results and stent implantation characteristics were compared according to the performance of manual TA.RESULTS: A total of 456 patients were analyzable and categorized in TA group(156 patients; 34.2%) and non-TA(NTA) group(300 patients; 65.8%). Patientstreated with TA had less prevalence of multivessel disease(39.7% vs 54.7%, P = 0.003) and higher prevalence of initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow < 3(P < 0.001) than NTA group. There was a higher rate of direct stenting(58.7% vs 45.5%, P = 0.009), with shorter(24.1 ± 11.8 mm vs 26.9 ± 15.7 mm, P = 0.038) and larger stents(3.17 ± 0.43 mm vs 2.93 ± 0.44 mm, P < 0.001) in the TA group as compared to NTA group. The number of implanted stents(1.3 ± 0.67 vs 1.5 ± 0.84, P = 0.009) was also lower in TA group. CONCLUSION: In an "all-comers" STEMI population, the use of TA resulted in more efficient procedure leading to the implantation of less number of stents per lesion of shorter lengths and larger sizes.

Intracranial hematoma development following thrombolysis inpatients suffering with acute myocardial infarction: Management strategy

Intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction is a catastrophic condition.Several factors predispose to intracranial bleeding including low body weight,female sex,advanced age,use of oral anticoagulants prior to the administration of fibrinolytic therapy,diastolic blood pressure (greater than 110 mm Hg),among others.Optimal medical management involves multidisciplinary roles of hematology,neurosurgery and critical medicine.In this illustrative case,a classification and management algorithm were proposed for patients with complications hemorrhage associated with thrombolysis after myocardial infarction.

回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术对心肾阳虚型急性心肌梗死患者TIMI血流分级、冠脉微循环及MACE的影响

目的探讨回阳复脉汤辅助经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术对心肾阳虚型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、冠脉微循环及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年3月驻马店市中医院收治的86例AMI患者进行前瞻性随机平行对照研究,按随机数表法分为PCI组和联合组各43例。PCI组患者予以PCI术,联合组患者予以回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术。比较两组患者PCI术后TIMI血流分级、冠脉血流储备(CFR)、微循环阻力指数(IMR)、TIMI心肌灌注帧数(TMPFC)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、P选择素、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)、血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)、安全性及MACE发生率。结果联合组患者的TIMI血流分级Ⅰ级0例,Ⅱ级0例,Ⅲ级43例,优于PCI组的Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级36例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻CFR为2.94±0.28,明显高于PCI组的2.60±0.31,IMR、TMPFC分别为12.15±2.84、(92.00±3.24)帧,明显低于PCI组的14.77±3.56、(95.18±4.67)帧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的ET-1分别为(132.41±19.67)ng/L、(113.02±14.76)ng/L,明显低于PCI组的(151.33±38.95)ng/L、(148.51±40.00)ng/L,NO分别为(62.43±13.55)μmol/L、(67.89±11.22)μmol/L,明显高于PCI组的(50.68±16.24)μmol/L、(52.03±15.49)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的P选择素、NLR、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显低于PCI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的PAI-1、CD62P分别为(9.33±1.20)μg/L、(8.08±1.33)μg/L;(45.37±5.38)%、(40.05±4.27)%,明显低于PCI组的(12.00±1.87)μg/L、(11.17±1.65)μg/L;(48.40±6.29)%、(45.59±5.31)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者的MACE总发生率为2.38%,明显低于PCI组的18.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术能改善心肾阳虚型AMI患者的TIMI血流分级、冠脉微循环、血管内皮功能及炎症反应,优化纤溶凝血系统,减少MACE的发生,增加患者临床获益。

Early and Late Coronary Angiographic Changes After Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarciton

Objective The coronaryanatomic feature and development after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Mehtods 100 patients with AMI received urokinase and strepokinase. Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed at 90 minuts and again at 3 to 4 weeks. Results Successful thrombolysis occurred in 60 cases, but failed in 40. The ratio of reperfusion was 60%. CAG showed there were residual thrombi in 84 patients (84% ) and complete coronary occlusion in 40(40% ). Angiography at 3 to 4 weeks after thrombolysis showed the stenosis worsened in 8 patients and improved in 10. Conclusion AMI is caused by sudden coronary thrombotic occlusion and can be reperfused by using thrombolytic agent or mechanical methods. Throm-bolytic agents usually can not resolve thrombi completely. So percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) is recommended as an important method to improve serious residual stenosis.

Thrombolysis in elderly patients

The elderly population consists of those over age 75 years and appears to represent the fastest-growing segment of the population. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy (TT) is the most common strategy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in many parts of the world. However, TT carries a higher risk of intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly patients. Primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting (PCI) represents an important alternative in these elderly individuals with contraindications to TT. In developing countries, or in areas without availability of primary PCI, TT remains the only therapeutic modality. Dedicated randomized trials are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of AMI management in the elderly group.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:250-253.)

PCI in Post Thrombolysis Stable STEMI Patients: A Timeline in Question

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occupies a significant portion of the cardiovascular disease spectrum and poses a continuing challenge on the health care delivery system worldwide. A dilemma exists in the clinical triage system for appropriate strategic modalities of treatment, based on underlying triad of patient-hospital-cardiac pathological factors as well as cut off timelines. Current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline recommends percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 3 to 24 hours in post thrombolysis stable patients. This review critically evaluated the evidences underlying the ESC recommendation. Trials included in this review are SIAM III, GRACIA 1, CAPITAL-AMI, CARESS-IN-AMI, NORDISTEMI, PRAGUE-1, WEST and LEIPZIG. Most of the evidences support the notion for immediate post thrombolysis PCI in stable patients within 1.9 to 2.7 hours, which contradicts the ESC timeline of up to 24 hours. Also, there is a reduced generalizability of the trial results due to differences in the design of the various trials, study population, composite endpoints, variations in drug dose & formulation, co-administration of pharmacotherapies and type of stents used. This warrants further research for standardization & optimization of the treatment protocol with respect to post thrombolysis PCI in stable STEMI patients.

Comparison of the curative effect of intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis and thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation on STEMI patients

Objective:To evaluate the short-term and long-term curative effects of precise intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation,thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation,and traditional stent implantation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods:From January 2018 to October 2019,184 patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and infarction-related arterial blood flow TIMI 0 grade in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)were selected.According to different surgical methods,patients were divided into intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation group(thrombolysis group,n=57 cases),thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation group(aspiration group,n=57 cases)),traditional stent implantation group(traditional group,n=70 cases).Compare the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention,the rate of 1 hour ST_segment fall≥50%in the ECG after PCI,and the main adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during hospitalization;compare the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)、left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year after PCI.Results:1.The short-term effects:The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon in the thrombolytic group was lower than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,and the rate of 1hSTR≥50%was higher than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.The long-term effects:1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention,the LVEDD of the thrombolytic group was lower than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,while the LVEF was higher than the aspiration group and the traditional group,and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in the thrombolytic group at was lowest,both the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation in STEMI patients can reduce the occurrence of no-reflow,improve long-term cardiac function,and reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events for short-term and long-term.

Clinical characteristics,GRACE score,TIMI score and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute coronary syndrome

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),the global registry of acute coronary events(GRACE)score,the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score and clinical prognosis.Method:The study was a retrospective one-center observational study,continuous inclusion of 600 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital from October 2018 to July 2019.Collect general clinical data,laboratory examination results,imaging data and interventional treatment data of all patients.Were divided into:T2DM with ACS group(group DA)and non-T2DM with ACS(group NDA)according to whether or not they were associated with T2DM.According to the GRACE、TIMI score,the two groups were divided into high risk group,middle risk group and low risk group.All patients underwent coronary angiography to calculate the number of vascular lesions and Gensini scores.Design questionnaire,after discharge to 2 groups of patients by telephone or outpatient follow-up average of 10 months,statistics of the occurrence of MACE events.Result:Among the 600 patients included in the study,362 were male(60.3%)and 238 were female(39.7%)with mean age(64.7±10.3)years.The baseline data showed that the G、TG、UA、CR levels were higher in the DA group than in the NDA group;the proportion of men was lower than in the NDA group.The results of coronary angiography showed that the Gensini score of DA group was higher than that of NDA group,and the proportion of single lesion was lower than that of NDA group.The binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that age and CRP were independent risk factors for MACE events in patients with T2DM.GRACE risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,and there was no significant difference between low and middle risk group.TIMI risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,while the proportion of low and middle risk group was lower than that in NDA group.The ROC curve shows that the area(AUC)below the ROC curve that GRACE、TIMI score predicted the occurrence of MACE events in patients with T2DM and ACS was 0.707 and 0.586.Conclusion:Patients with T2DM and ACS had higher clinical risk stratification than without T2DM.GRACE score compared with the TIMI score had better predictive value for the occurrence of MACE events after discharge of T2DM with ACS patients.

PROCOAGULANT EFFECTS OF THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY IN ACUTE MOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective.To examine the procoagulant effects of thrombolytic agent on hemostasis and study the role of hemostatic markers as predictors of clinical outcomes.Methods.In the present study,eighteen patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) received 1.5 or 2.0 mulliou U nonspecific urokinase(UK),or 70-80 mg fibrin-specific fecombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) and did not use heparin until 8 hours after intravenous injection of the above agents.Eight patients with AMI an without thrombolytic therapy were enrolled as controls.Coagulant and thrombolytic activity markers included thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ comlex(TAT),D-dimer,fibrinogen(Fg) ,FMPV/Amax.All markers were determined before,immediately,1,2,4 and 8 hours after the administration of thrombolytic agents respectively.Results.Molecular marker of thrombin generation-TAT showed an activated coagulant state immediately after thrombolytic therapy.Level of TAT showed no significant changes between every two osbserved phases in controls.Howver,level of TAT increased significantly from 4.95±1.75μg/L(4.63±1.37μg/L) to 14.71±3.31μg/L(14.25±2.53μg/L) before and immediately after administration of thrombolytic agents UK(or rt-PA).There was significant difference between level of serum TAT of patients with and without thrombolytic therapy,and higher EMPV/Amax level than controls.D-dimer,a surrogate of thrombolytic activity increased markedly and Fg significantly declined after thrombolytic therap(P<0.05).Couclusions.Thrombin generation occurred in plasma in response to excess fibrinolysis induced by thrombolytic therapy.Both urokinase and rt-PA had procoagulant action.This transient activation of the coagulant system might contribute to early reocclusion.These data provided the theoretical support for simultaneous administration of anticoagulant therapy with thrombolytic agents.These data provided the theoretical support for simultaneous administration of anticoagulant therapy with thrombolytic agents.These results also suggested that TAT might be useful in predicting clinical outcomes of patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for AMI.

Acute Coronary Syndromes: Epidemiological, Clinical and Management Aspects in Thies (Senegal)

Purpose: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Thies, Senegal. Methods: This was a prospective study that included consecutively from October 1st, 2018 to March 03rd, 2019, patients aged 18 years or older admitted for an ACS at the DIABCARMET department of the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Thies. Results: Of the 516 patients admitted, 29 had ACS, the prevalence was 5.62%. The average age of the patients was 64.2 ± 11.6 years. Nineteen patients (65.5%) were male and 10 (34.5%) were female, the sex ratio was 1.91. The number of direct admissions was 18 (62%) versus 11 patients (38%) referred. The mode of transport was a private vehicle in 19 patients (65.5%), an ambulance in 7 patients (24.1%) and public transport in 3 patients (10.3%). STEMI (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) was the most common presentation observed in 19 patients (65.5%). Fifteen patients (51.7%) were admitted before the 12th hour. Of the 19 patients with STEMI, 11 (57.9%) had arrived in hospital before the 12th hour and 10 patients had streptokinase thrombolysis. No patients received primary PCI. Ten patients (34.5%) had heart failure and five patients (17.2%) died during hospitalization. Conclusion: Delayed consultation and high mortality characterize ACS in Thies. Prevention must be the rule.

休克指数和TIMI危险评分与急性冠状动脉综合征合并心源性休克患者PCI术后预后的相关性

目的分析休克指数(SI)和心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)危险评分与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并心源性休克(CS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后预后的相关性。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月在张家口市第一医院行PCI的126例ACS合并CS患者的病历资料,根据入院28 d转归将患者分为生存组(98例)和死亡组(28例)。单因素分析性别、年龄、实验室指标[收缩压、舒张压、心率、平均动脉压、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO 2)、心脏指数(CI)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血红蛋白、血肌酐、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)]、入院时SI和TIMI危险评分等可能影响ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的危险因素,多因素Logistic回归分析明确影响ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估SI、TIMI危险评分对ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的预测价值。结果死亡组糖尿病比例、CK-MB、cTnT、入院时SI和TIMI危险评分均高于生存组[67.86%(19/28)比38.78%(38/98)、(109±10)mmol/L比(90±10)mmol/L、(29±8)μg/L比(17±7)μg/L、1.55±0.16比1.45±0.15、(4.23±0.22)分比(3.12±0.15)分],CI低于生存组[(1.3±0.3)L/(min·m 2)比(1.7±0.4)L/(min·m 2)](均P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,CK-MB、cTnT、入院时SI、入院时TIMI危险评分升高是影响ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,SI、TIMI危险评分预测ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的最佳截断点分别为1.47、3.25分,曲线下面积分别为0.814、0.908,灵敏度分别为75.00%、92.86%,特异度分别为73.47%、72.45%,TIMI危险评分对ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的预测价值高于SI(P<0.01)。结论SI、TIMI危险评分是影响ACS合并CS患者PCI术后预后的独立危险因素,对该类患者预后均具有一定预测价值。

MPV/PC、P选择素以及PLyA水平变化与接受PCI术STEMI患者TIMI血流分级的相关性

目的:分析平均血小板体积(MPV)/血小板计数(PC)、P选择素以及血小板-淋巴细胞聚集体(PLyA)水平变化与接受经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者TIMI血流分级的相关性,以期为临床早期完善治疗方案可靠依据。方法:选取我院2020年10月-2022年4月期间接收的接受PCI术STEMI患者152例作为研究对象。对比治疗前后MPV/PC、P选择素以及PLyA,并对比术后不同TIMI血流分级患者的MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA,分析其和TIMI血流分级的相关性以及对于无复流/慢血流的危险度。结果:术前MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA高于术后(P<0.05);术后不同TIMI血流分级MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA对比,0级高于Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级,Ⅰ级高于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级高于Ⅲ级(P<0.05);通过Pearson分析显示,MPV/PC(r=-0.711)、P选择素(r=-0.842)、PLyA(r=-0.786)与TIMI血流分级呈负相关(P<0.05);MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA高水平的PCI术后STEMI患者发生无复流/慢血流危险度为低水平的4.015倍、3.680倍、3.830倍(P<0.05)。结论:MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA在STEMI患者体内呈高表达状况,接受PCI术治疗后水平下降,此外,动态监测MPV/PC、P选择素、PLyA可有助于了解TIMI血流分级。

接受再灌注治疗的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者死亡率性别差异的荟萃分析

目的 探讨接受再灌注治疗的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者死亡率的性别差异。方法 全面检索PubMed、EMBASE、万方数据库、中国知网和谷歌学术等数据库自建库至2023年8月1日的文献中,对接受溶栓治疗或直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)的STEMI患者短期或长期死亡率的性别差异进行对比的相关研究。观察性研究和随机对照研究均纳入本研究。使用Rev Man 5软件进行统计学分析。使用危险度(RR)和95%CI表示性别差异对STEMI患者死亡率的影响。使用漏斗图评估研究偏倚。结果 共纳入36项研究,其中33项观察性研究和3项随机对照研究,共108 132例STEMI患者,其中男性82 848例,女性25 284例。与男性患者相比,女性患者住院期间(RR=1.73,95%CI:1.52~1.98,P<0.001,I~2=69%)、1个月(RR=1.89,95%CI:1.74~2.06,P<0.001,I~2=46%)、1年(RR=1.56,95%CI:1.40~1.74,P<0.001,I~2=0%)和2年(RR=1.78,95%CI:1.51~2.10,P<0.001,I~2=43%)死亡率显著增加。在调整后的分析中,女性STEMI患者住院期间(RR=1.60,95%CI:1.27~2.02,P<0.001,I~2=69%)、1个月(RR=1.40,95%CI:1.04~1.88,P<0.001,I~2=65%)和2年(RR=1.25,95%CI:1.10~1.42,P<0.001,I~2=48%)死亡率仍明显高于男性患者。结论 对于接受再灌注治疗的STEMI患者,女性的短期和长期死亡率均高于男性。

中国急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者院前应用硝酸甘油或中成药对症状改善及梗死相关动脉血流影响的比较研究

目的:比较中国急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者院前应用硝酸甘油或中成药对症状改善及对梗死相关动脉(IRA)血流的影响。方法:依托中国急性心肌梗死注册研究于2013年1月1日至2014年3月31日期间,纳入全国108家医院7 d内发病且明确报告院前使用或不使用硝酸甘油或中成药的13064例STEMI患者(已排除共用两类药物患者),其中5280例患者接受了急诊冠状动脉造影。对比使用两类药物对患者症状缓解及IRA的TIMI血流分级水平的影响,其中症状缓解包括完全缓解(症状消失)和部分缓解(不同程度缓解)。结果:13064例患者中,2892例(22.1%)院前应用了硝酸甘油或中成药,其中1149例(8.8%)使用了硝酸甘油,1743例(13.3%)使用了中成药,10172例院前未用药。应用硝酸甘油或中成药的患者,6 h内到达医院的比例(57.4%vs.60.8%vs.50.3%,P<0.0010),与使用院前急救系统的比例(11.8%vs.12.2%vs.9.5%,P=0.0004)均高于未用药的患者。使用硝酸甘油的患者部分缓解比例高于使用中成药的患者(33.8%vs.25.1%,P<0.0010)。多因素Logistic分析显示,使用硝酸甘油较使用中成药完全和部分缓解的可能性较高(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.129~1.569,P=0.0007)。使用硝酸甘油或中成药的患者与未用药患者的院内死亡率相似。在接受急诊冠状动脉造影的患者中,使用中成药或硝酸甘油及未用药患者IRA的TIMI血流达到2~3级的比例分别为21.6%、15.8%和19.3%(P=0.0405)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与未用药患者相比,使用中成药患者的TIMI血流达到2~3级水平无明显优势(OR=0.856,95%CI:0.705~1.040,P=0.1171),使用硝酸甘油的患者TIMI血流达到2~3级水平可能性降低(OR=0.666,95%CI:0.495~0.895,P=0.0071)。结论:中国约有22.1%的STEMI患者院前单用硝酸甘油或中成药,含服硝酸甘油对症状改善作用优于中成药,与未用药患者相比,应用这两类药物的患者的TIMI血流未见明显改善。

TIMI风险评分与GRACE风险评分对中国ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者院内死亡率的预测价值

目的:比较心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)风险评分和全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)风险评分对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者院内死亡率的预测价值。方法:本研究全部数据均来自前瞻性、多中心大规模临床注册研究中国心肌梗死(CAMI)注册研究。在2013-01-01至2014-09-30期间,该研究共连续入选全国31个省、自治区和直辖市107家医院的STEMI患者17 886例。本研究对STEMI患者进行TIMI和GRACE两种风险评分计算,并且比较两种评分系统对STEMI患者院内死亡率的预测价值。结果:在17 886例STEMI患者中,76.5%(n=13 685)为男性;平均年龄(61.9±12.4)岁;住院天数中位值10.0天;住院死亡率为6.4%(n=1 153);4.3%(n=764)发生过院前心脏骤停;52.5%(n=9382)为前壁心肌梗死/左束支阻滞;53.4%(n=9 555)接受了再灌注治疗,再灌注治疗时间的中位值为300.0 min,其中10.0%(n=1 782)接受了溶栓治疗,43.4%(n=7 763)接受了急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),仅有0.1%(n=10)接受了急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。用受试者工作特征(ROC)模型计算TIMI风险评分和GRACE风险评分对院内死亡率预测价值的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.7956(95%CI:0.7822~0.8090)和0.8096(95%CI:0.7963~0.8230)。结论:TIMI风险评分和GRACE风险评分对中国STEMI患者院内死亡率预测价值基本相当,但由于纳入变量多,评分较为复杂,妨碍了这两种评分模型在临床中的使用。

校正TIMI帧数对急诊PCI术后ST段回落及急性心肌梗死患者短期预后的评价

目的探讨在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接冠状动脉介入(percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI)治疗成功后,校正的TIMI帧数(correctedTIMIframecount,CTFC)与心电图ST段回落的相关性及术后即刻评价急性心肌梗死患者住院期间临床预后的可行性。方法测定80例急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后血流达TIMI3级患者的CTFC,同时检查术前及术后1h心电图ST段,并观察患者住院期间的心脏不良事件。结果按照患者ST段回落程度分为ST段回落≥50%及ST段回落<50%两组;根据患者住院期间有无心脏不良事件分为两组;ST段回落<50%组其CTFC值明显高于ST段回落≥50%组,(25.6±8.1)vs(19.6±5.9),(P<0.01),CTFC与ST段回落程度有明显的负相关(r<-0.735,P<0.01);有心脏不良事件组其CTFC值明显高于无心脏不良事件组(26.4±7.8)vs(19.3±5.5),(P<0.01);Logistic多元回归分析发现CTFC值与住院期间心脏不良事件独立相关(OR=-1.68,95%CI=-1.36～-2.19,P<0.01)。结论CTFC作为一种定量、客观、经济、简单、快速的方法可预测心电图ST段回落比例,在PCI术后能及时评价心肌组织水平灌注及住院期间的临床预后,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。

TIMI危险评分对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者院内1型心肾综合征的预测价值研究

目的探讨心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)危险评分对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者院内1型心肾综合征(CRS)的预测价值。方法选取2015年8—11月于河北医科大学第二医院心血管内科住院的STEMI患者93例为研究对象。根据患者院内是否发生1型CRS分为非CRS组69例和CRS组24例,收集两组患者的一般临床资料、实验室检查资料、介入治疗情况及主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生情况,计算患者的TIMI、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)、CRUSADE危险评分,比较两组上述指标的差异。采用Logistic回归分析STEMI患者院内1型CRS发生的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TIMI危险评分对STEMI患者院内1型CRS发生的预测价值。结果 CRS组患者入院心率较非CRS组快,肌酐水平、肌酸激酶水平、MACE发生率及TIMI、GRACE、CRUSADE危险评分均高于非CRS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,TIMI评分是STEMI院内发生1型CRS的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TIMI评分对STEMI患者院内1型CRS发生预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.905[95%CI(0.840,0.969)]。最佳截断点为3分,对应的灵敏度和特异度分别为97.9%和62.3%,约登指数为0.602。结论 TIMI危险评分是STEMI患者院内1型CRS发生的良好预测指标。