Analysis of risk factors for left atrial thrombosis in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Objective To analyse the risk factors for left atrial thrombosis in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods From January 2001 to December 2008,2277 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent operations in our hospital. There were 737 males and 1540 females,the age ranged from 19 to 84 years [average (50.9 ±10.2) years]. Left atrial thrombosis group

Inflammatory bowel disease:Epidemiology,pathology and risk factors for hypercoagulability

Hypercoagulability observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) may lead to thromboembolic events (TE), which affect the venous and arterial systems alike and are an important factor in patients’ morbidity and mortality. The risk of TE in IBD patients has been demonstrated to be approximately three-fold higher as compared to the general population. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in IBD patients is multifactorial and not fully explained. The most commonly listed factors include genetic and immune abnormalities, disequilibrium between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, although recently, the role of endothelial damage as an IBD-triggering factor is underlined. Several studies report that the levels of some coagulation enzymes, including fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII, active factor XI, tissue factor, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and the thrombin-antithrombin complex, are altered in IBD patients. It has been demonstrated that there is a significant decrease of tissue plasminogen activator level, a marked increase of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor, a significantly lower level of antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. IBD patients have been also observed to produce an increased amount of various anticoagulant antibodies. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a potential risk factor for TE was also observed in some IBD patients. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of coagulation abnormalities in IBD etiology and to determine indications for thromboprophylactic treatment in patients at high risk of developing TE.

Effect of Anticoagulation Intervention on Inflammatory Factors in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Correlation with Thrombosis Factor

Objective:The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of anticoagulant intervention on inflammatory factors in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its correlation with thrombus factors.Methods:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups:model group(n=20),anticoagulation intervention group(n=20),and healthy control group.The rats in the healthy control group were fed normally,with no special treatment.The rats in the model group and the anticoagulation intervention groups had COPD models created by cigarette smoking combined with intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide.Following successful modeling,rats in the model group received a subcutaneous injection of normal saline,while the rats in the anticoagulation intervention group received a subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin sodium.The three groups were compared in terms of lung histomorphology,pulmonary function measures,serum levels of inflammatory and thrombotic markers.The link between inflammatory variables and thrombus components in COPD model rats was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:The mean lining interval(MLI)and the ratio of alveolar area to total lung area(PAA)in the model group and the anticoagulation groups were larger than those in the healthy control group,whereas the mean alveolar number(MAN)was lower.MLI and PAA were lower in the anticoagulation intervention group than in the model group,whereas MAN was higher in the model group(P<0.05).Tidal volume,minute ventilation,and FEV1/FVC were lower in the model and anticoagulation intervention groups than in the healthy control group,but lung compliance was higher in the model and anticoagulation intervention groups.Tidal volume,minute ventilation volume,and FEV1/FVC were higher in the anticoagulation intervention group than in the model group,whereas lung compliance was worse in the model group(P<0.05).The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the model and anti-coagulation intervention groups were higher than those in the healthy control group,but lower in the anti-coagulation intervention group than in the model group(P<0.05).The serum levels of tissue factor(TF)and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1(TFPI-1)were higher in the model group and anticoagulation intervention groups than those in the healthy control group,while the levels of the above thrombotic factors were lower in the anticoagulation intervention group than those in the model group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed that TNF-α,IL-8 and IL-6 levels were favorably linked with TF and TFPI-1 levels in COPD model rats(P<0.05).Conclusion:Anticoagulant therapy can successfully enhance pulmonary function in COPD rats,while also negatively regulating inflammatory and thrombus factors,and there is a strong link between inflammatory factors and thrombus factors.