The eye is a complex organ made up of diversifed cells with specifed functions. Presence of anatomical, physi-ological and physiochemical barriers make it diffcult to deliver drugs in therapeutic amounts at intended s...The eye is a complex organ made up of diversifed cells with specifed functions. Presence of anatomical, physi-ological and physiochemical barriers make it diffcult to deliver drugs in therapeutic amounts at intended sites. To overcome these, drug delivery scientists have fol-lowed two distinct yet complimentary approaches. The frst involves using alternate delivery routes to conven-tional ones allowing for more direct access to intended target sites. Second approach involves development of novel drug delivery systems providing better perme-ability, treatability and controlled release at target site. Combination of both these approaches are being uti-lized and optimized in order to achieve optimal therapy with minimal adverse effects.展开更多
Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Alt...Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops,injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new,highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.展开更多
文摘The eye is a complex organ made up of diversifed cells with specifed functions. Presence of anatomical, physi-ological and physiochemical barriers make it diffcult to deliver drugs in therapeutic amounts at intended sites. To overcome these, drug delivery scientists have fol-lowed two distinct yet complimentary approaches. The frst involves using alternate delivery routes to conven-tional ones allowing for more direct access to intended target sites. Second approach involves development of novel drug delivery systems providing better perme-ability, treatability and controlled release at target site. Combination of both these approaches are being uti-lized and optimized in order to achieve optimal therapy with minimal adverse effects.
文摘Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops,injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new,highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.
