Induced drill-spray during hydraulic slotting of a coal seam and its influence on gas extraction

Hydraulic slotting can induce drill spray in a gassy,low permeability coal seam.This then influences subsequent gas extraction.This paper describes the drill spray phenomenon from a mechanical perspective and analyzes the effects of water jet damage during slotting.A simulation of the stresses around the drill hole and slot was prepared using FLAC-3D code.It helps explain the induction of drill spray during hydraulic slotting.The stress concentration around the bore increases as the diameter of the hole increases.As the hole enlarges the variation in stress also increases,which introduces an instability into the coal.This allows easy breaking and removal of the coal.Destruction of the coal structure by the water jet is the major factor causing drill spray.Energy stored as either strain or gas pressure is released by the water jet and this causes the coal to fracture and be expelled from the hole.Field tests showed the effect on gas extraction after slotting with drill spray.The concentration of gas increases after drilling.Compared to conventional techniques,the hydraulic slotted bore gives a gas concentration three times higher and has an effective range twice as far.This makes the gas extraction process more efficient and allows reduced construction effort.

Mechanism and experiment of substituting high drainage roadway with directional long drilling group to extract pressure-relief gas

By establishing the numerical model in the vertical plane and the similar model in the horizontal plane of gas flow in goaf, the influence of high drainage roadway or drilling on the gas seepage field was analyzed, and the extraction mechanism was clarified. On this basis, the academic thought of directional long drilling group instead of high drainage roadway was put forward. And then using complex function theory, the permeation mechanical model of drilling group with circle distribution in the mining-induced fracture zone was established to explore the coupling relationship between the drilling quantity, extraction volume and the equivalent extraction rate of single drilling. Finally, combined with the concrete geological production conditions, the main parameters of directional long drilling group were determined. The distance between the drilling group center and the air-return roadway is 24 m, the height is 18 m, and the three drillings are in an approximate equilateral triangle distribution with a space of 8 m. The equivalent extraction square is 4.15 m2. It is shown that the effect of directional long drilling group is evident. The gas content in the upper comer is controlled below 0.95%, the content in the tail roadway is kept below the alarm value, and the content is over 50% in the drill, realizing the secure and effective extraction of coal and gas.

Technique of coal mining and gas extraction without coal pillar in multi-seam with low permeability

Aimed at the low mining efficiency in deep multi-seams because of high crustalstress,high gas content,low permeability,the compound 'three soft' roof and the trouble-somesafety situation encountered in deep level coal exploitation,proposed a new idea ofgob-side retaining without a coal-pillar and Y-style ventilation in the first-mined key pressure-relieved coal seam and a new method of coal mining and gas extraction.The followingwere discovered:the dynamic evolution law of the crannies in the roof is influenced bymining,the formative rule of 'the vertical cranny-abundant area' along the gob-side,thedistribution of air pressure field in the gob,and the flowing rule of pressure-relieved gas ina Y-style ventilation system.The study also established a theoretic basis for a new miningmethod of coal mining and gas extraction which is used to extract the pressure-relievedgas by roadway retaining boreholes instead of roadway boreholes.Studied and resolvedmany difficult key problems,such as,fast roadway retaining at the gob-side without a coalpillar,Y-style ventilation and extraction of pressure-relieved gas by roadway retainingboreholes,and so on.The study innovated and integrated a whole set of technical systemsfor coal and pressure relief gas extraction.The method of the pressure-relieved gasextraction by roadway retaining had been successfully applied in 6 typical working faces inthe Huainan and Huaibei mining areas.The research can provide a scientific and reliabletechnical support and a demonstration for coal mining and gas extraction in gaseous deepmulti-seams with low permeability.

A new method of combined rock drilling

Based on the technologies of traditionally mechanical drilling and water jet,we propose a new method of abrasive water jet in combination with rock drilling,and establish a combined rock drilling system for the gas pre-drainage.This study chose the common sandstone and silicon limestone as the rock sample.A series of experiments were completed in the case of dry drilling,existing technology drilling,combined drilling with high pressure water jet and combined drilling with abrasive water jet,respectively.The drilling efficiency and performance were contrasted and analyzed in detail.The results indicate that it is better to choose the method of combined drilling with the high-pressure water jet for soft rocks.The method of combined drilling with abrasive water jet is feasible for the hard rock drilling and has higher drilling efficiency and performance.In this paper,compared with the existing technology,the drilling depth has increased by about 65%,the axial force and torque have reduced by about 14%and 17%,respectively,and the drill wear reduces obviously in the same conditions.

Phaco drill与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗硬核白内障患者的效果

目的:探讨Phaco drill与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗硬核白内障患者的效果。方法:回顾性选取2020年10月—2022年4月麻城市中医医院收治的60例硬核白内障患者。根据不同手术治疗方法将其分为Phaco组(n=25)和小切口组(n=35)。小切口组给予小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术,Phaco组给予Phaco drill。比较两组术前、术后1个月眼睛恢复情况,术前,术后3 d、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜散光度,并发症。结果:术后1个月,Phaco组最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、角膜内皮细胞(corneal endothelial cell,CEC)密度均高于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析显示,角膜散光度组间、时间、交互比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后3 d、术后1个月,Phaco组角膜散光度均低于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Phaco组术后并发症发生率低于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Phaco drill治疗硬核白内障可促进患者恢复,近期对角膜散光度的影响较小,对角膜内皮损伤较小,且术后并发症发生率低。

近距离煤层瓦斯异常区域采空区瓦斯综合治理研究

针对台头煤焦公司上隅角瓦斯聚集问题,本研究对地质因素和开采因素对采空区瓦斯异常涌出进行了分析。研究结果表明,邻近层瓦斯和向斜构造区域是采空区瓦斯涌出的主要原因,同时回采时未及时退锚导致采空区漏风,造成上隅角瓦斯聚集。为了解决这一问题,本研究提出了一套综合措施,包括使用长距离顶板高位钻孔、插管结合堵漏风等方法来治理采空区瓦斯问题。治理后,上隅角瓦斯体积分数成功降低至0.5%以下,有效控制了邻近层瓦斯的涌出,确保了工作面的安全高效生产。

高强放瓦斯工作面顶板抽采巷道适宜位置分析

综采工作面在开采吸附强、解吸弱的高阶煤时,由于采动应力解除,将会遇到破煤、围岩以及相邻煤层瞬时释放大量瓦斯进入回采工作面的情况,极易造成工作面瓦斯超限事故。为此,以采空区上覆岩层不同区域裂缝特征为基础,阐述了顶板抽采巷道的抽采机理,并采用不同位置顶板抽采巷道、不同水平和垂直位置顶板定向长钻孔和数值模拟上覆岩层应力释放效应3种方法,对矿区瓦斯抽采效果进行研究,提出了基于上覆岩石应力释放比确定采空区最佳抽采位置的方法。结果表明:顶板抽采巷道和顶板定向长钻孔在矿区进行定向抽采,最佳位置水平距回采工作面回采巷道25 m,垂直距煤层顶板50~55m。

紧邻既有建筑物全套管全回转拔桩施工技术

为解决新建项目支护结构施工位置与既有建筑废弃的支护结构(下文称为障碍桩)冲突问题,以深圳市某总部大厦地基基础工程为例,对障碍桩拔除施工进行研究,分析障碍桩与既有建筑主体结构、新建项目支护结构空间关系及不同工况下拔桩施工的特点及难点,提出紧邻既有建筑物的全套管全回转组合法拔桩施工技术,重点解决紧邻既有建筑物且存在鼓包、倾斜、桩径过大等各类工况下障碍桩拔除的施工难题,同时减少拔除障碍桩对既有建筑物及周边环境的影响。通过现场实践验证,该工艺适用范围广,障碍桩拔除功效高,设备成熟度,安全可靠,可有效降低施工难度,保护既有建筑物。

高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯搭接部位研究与应用

相邻钻场高位定向钻孔合理搭接是保证抽采瓦斯效果稳定、提高钻孔有效利用率的重要环节。根据顶板裂隙带高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯机理研究结果,通过分析布置高位定向钻孔空间层位、煤层顶板裂隙带分布特征、钻孔轨迹等抽采效果影响因素,确定了实现成功接替的钻孔合理搭接部位,并在党家河煤矿进行了工程应用。应用显示:80~121 m钻孔搭接长度能够满足瓦斯抽采效果,在搭接部位外端点接替使每个钻孔减少钻孔工程量约40 m。

高瓦斯煤层大直径钻孔卸压增透瓦斯渗流时空演化机理

矿井瓦斯抽采面临抽采率低、有效抽采周期短、瓦斯预抽体积分数不达标等困境。为实现高瓦斯低透气性煤层的精准卸压增透,以顺和煤矿2404典型深井高瓦斯低透气性煤层工作面为研究对象,基于长时力学效应理论建模、COMSOL数值分析和现场试验等方法,构建了大直径钻孔卸压煤层瓦斯运移多场耦合模型,提出了大直径钻孔瓦斯有效抽采半径的判定指标——残余瓦斯压力不超过0.22 MPa,揭示了大直径煤层钻孔卸压增透机理及瓦斯运移规律:单一大直径钻孔煤层瓦斯压力呈以钻孔圆心为对称中心的椭圆分布,即由钻孔圆心向外瓦斯压力逐渐增加,随着抽采时间延长,抽采达标区域逐渐扩大。钻孔周边应力转移特征为:随着抽采时间增加,单一大直径钻孔周边点的垂直应力呈现先增后降趋势。进一步提出了高瓦斯低透气性煤层大直径钻孔卸压增透抽采技术。模拟确定了钻孔有效抽采半径,孔间距6.0 m、直径300 mm钻孔卸压增透效果最好,其两侧3.0 m内平均渗透率为1.58×10^(-15)m^(2),远大于初始值1.15×10^(-17)m^(2)。现场应用表明,大直径钻孔瓦斯抽采远优于普通钻孔,300 mm大直径钻孔瓦斯体积分数最大值为47.2%,75 mm原钻孔最大瓦斯体积分数最大值仅为10.6%,且大直径钻孔5.0%以上高瓦斯体积分数抽采天数提高了40.2%,有效解决了小直径瓦斯钻孔治理难题,为高瓦斯煤层高效精准卸压增透强化抽采提供了有效途径。

开采保护层与预抽煤层瓦斯防突效果分析

为比较开采保护层与预抽煤层瓦斯防突效果,以1124(3)运顺开采保护层段和预抽煤层瓦斯段煤巷掘进为试验对象,统计了试验地点煤巷掘进期间残余瓦斯含量、钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1、钻屑量等防突指标,采用假设检验方法推断了各防突指标是否有差别,分析了开采保护层段和预抽煤层瓦斯段各防突指标产生差别的原因,验证了开采保护层区域防突措施比预抽煤层瓦斯区域防突措施更加安全可靠。

低透气煤层无泵式钻扩一体化增透技术与钻具研究

针对在低透气煤层常规机械掏穴、水力冲孔等增透施工中存在的施工效率低、掏穴装置稳定性差以及需要配备高压泵等问题,提出了无泵式钻扩一体化增透施工技术,研制了配套的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置,并进行了现场工业性试验。结果表明:钻扩一体化增透施工技术在煤矿井下静压水条件下,可实现一趟下钻完成先导孔和机械掏穴的同时作业,解决了常规掏穴装置刀翼开合不稳定、必须配套高压泵的问题,降低了该技术的使用成本;研发的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置工作灵活稳定且可靠性高,造穴段单孔直接扩大至原常规钻孔孔径的4.4倍,显著提升了瓦斯抽采效果,该技术的成功应用为煤矿井下低透气煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工提供了技术支撑。

石油开采噪声控制研究与应用

文章详细介绍了钻机噪声源特征、工作场景特征要求、降噪设计关键难点、降噪方案及其成果,可为石油开采、钻探领域噪声控制工程提供借鉴。项目涉及的国际工程中标准的适用问题与解决方案,也可为同类国际项目提供借鉴。

高瓦斯矿井综合瓦斯抽采技术实施应用

为解决山西安泽玉华煤矿采煤工作面风排瓦斯量大的问题,实施应用了本煤层瓦斯抽采、采空区瓦斯抽采以及高位定向长钻孔裂隙带瓦斯抽采等综合瓦斯抽采技术,大大提高了瓦斯抽采效果,彻底解决了采煤工作面回风流瓦斯浓度偏高的问题,为矿井安全生产提供了安全保障,为高瓦斯矿井瓦斯治理提供了有益借鉴。

基于钻进参数和岩性的钻爆法隧道围岩智能分级模型

为进一步提高基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型判识准确率,引入围岩岩性作为已知条件,对不同岩性分别建立基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型。首先,依托宜兴高铁、郑万高铁隧道工程中凿岩台车采集到的钻进参数,将其根据围岩岩性划分为白云岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩、砂岩、页岩5类子数据集;然后,进行数据清洗、特征提取,对各子数据集及原始数据集按照4∶1的比例拆分为训练集和测试集,分别以提取的特征和原始特征均值2类特征集合作为输入;最后,使用机器学习随机森林算法建立5个基于钻进参数和岩性的围岩智能分级模型以及基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型,评估每个模型的泛化性能。结果显示:1)以提取特征集合为输入的白云岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩、砂岩、页岩5种围岩智能分级模型在测试集上的准确率分别为85.48%、92.16%、88.62%、85.00%、89.47%,不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型的测试集准确率为84.91%。2)相比不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型,基于钻进参数和岩性的围岩智能分级模型测试集准确率提高0.09%~7.25%;相比不进行钻进参数特征提取,围岩智能分级模型准确率提升1.61%~13.82%。由此表明:进行钻进参数特征提取能够有效提升围岩智能分级模型的准确率;相比不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型,考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型稳定性提高,模型的泛化能力提升。

A real-time intelligent lithology identification method based on a dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm

Real-time intelligent lithology identification while drilling is vital to realizing downhole closed-loop drilling. The complex and changeable geological environment in the drilling makes lithology identification face many challenges. This paper studies the problems of difficult feature information extraction,low precision of thin-layer identification and limited applicability of the model in intelligent lithologic identification. The author tries to improve the comprehensive performance of the lithology identification model from three aspects: data feature extraction, class balance, and model design. A new real-time intelligent lithology identification model of dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm(DFW-RF) is proposed. According to the feature selection results, gamma ray and 2 MHz phase resistivity are the logging while drilling(LWD) parameters that significantly influence lithology identification. The comprehensive performance of the DFW-RF lithology identification model has been verified in the application of 3 wells in different areas. By comparing the prediction results of five typical lithology identification algorithms, the DFW-RF model has a higher lithology identification accuracy rate and F1 score. This model improves the identification accuracy of thin-layer lithology and is effective and feasible in different geological environments. The DFW-RF model plays a truly efficient role in the realtime intelligent identification of lithologic information in closed-loop drilling and has greater applicability, which is worthy of being widely used in logging interpretation.

基于Three.js的井下瓦斯抽采钻孔三维可视化系统研究

瓦斯抽采长期以来是我国煤炭资源开采的重要方面,而抽采钻孔的设计是其中的关键环节,为解决实际工作面形成废孔、无效孔过多问题,开发了基于Three.js的井下瓦斯抽采钻孔三维可视化系统,并在宽沟煤矿I010203综放工作面瓦斯抽放计划进行了工程实践应用,并根据φ94 mm、φ113 mm钻孔孔径以及抽采天数提供了多种瓦斯抽采方案。实验结果表明,该系统充分发挥了在线三维可视化优势,提高了井下瓦斯抽采钻孔的管理效率,促进了煤矿企业的透明矿山、智慧矿山建设。

青龙煤矿底板定向钻孔施工分析

针对贵州青龙煤矿低透气性煤层,在21605底抽巷设计底板穿层定向钻孔,进行16#煤层治理瓦斯。首先,根据钻遇地层情况,确定定向钻孔在底板的开孔层位,然后通过分析在施工定向钻孔中出现的问题,对定向钻孔的最初设计进行优化,确保定向钻孔施工顺利,进入目标煤层,并在目标煤层中得到有效延伸,从而进行瓦斯抽采。通过本次施工可知,只有定向钻孔在目标煤层中有效延伸,才可减少抽采盲区,以达到瓦斯治理的效果,为煤矿安全掘进提供保障。

基于瓦斯防治工程的隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测

隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测研究是瓦斯灾害防治工程的基础。根据中国煤矿生产法律规章,开采具有瓦斯灾害危险的煤层前,必须实施瓦斯抽放工程。通常,地质异常区域即是瓦斯灾害危险区,构造应力场和采动应力场的叠加会扰动煤体并加压瓦斯。为精准定位地质异常区,评价其瓦斯致灾潜能,提出了一种基于瓦斯抽采工程进行瓦斯异常区域勘测的研究方法。该方法利用抽采钻孔参数和施工记录,采集钻孔数据并计算煤层顶底板控制点坐标,进而利用二维投影图件及三维应力场模型对隐伏地质构造(如小的断层、褶曲、局部煤厚异常变化等)进行勘查和预测;通过分析小型地质构造周围的附加应力场,并对瓦斯致灾潜能进行动态预测。应用该方法,可以对地质异常区进行精细调查,揭示采煤工作面瓦斯地质演化的一般规律。其研究结果为高瓦斯或突出煤层瓦斯灾害防治措施优化设计及有效实施提供科学依据。

矿井瓦斯抽采钻孔偏移特性研究

为避免井下瓦斯抽采钻孔发生轨迹偏移,出现瓦斯抽采盲区,产生瓦斯抽采空白带,首先以山西阳泉新景煤矿15121底抽巷、15124低位巷、15124回风巷为工程背景,测试穿层钻孔和顺层钻孔的偏移情况;然后利用均角全距法计算钻孔三维轨迹数值,并结合煤层赋存地质信息,绘制钻孔三维轨迹与煤岩三维层位关系可视化图,分析影响钻孔偏移的因素和拟合数据,并得出钻孔偏移特性。研究表明:穿层钻孔主要在细砂岩层开始偏移,且均在煤层段偏移变大,煤层段最大偏移量为0.52 m;顺层钻孔开孔倾角相近时,孔深越深终孔垂直偏差越大,40 m孔深平均垂直偏移量为1.37 m;小角度钻孔受重力影响较大,轨迹易发生偏移,大角度钻孔在垂直方向上向上或向下偏移,偏移量比小角度钻孔偏移量小;在水平方向上,底抽巷、低位巷、回风巷布孔间距分别缩短0.68、0.28、0.54 m。