Induced drill-spray during hydraulic slotting of a coal seam and its influence on gas extraction

Hydraulic slotting can induce drill spray in a gassy,low permeability coal seam.This then influences subsequent gas extraction.This paper describes the drill spray phenomenon from a mechanical perspective and analyzes the effects of water jet damage during slotting.A simulation of the stresses around the drill hole and slot was prepared using FLAC-3D code.It helps explain the induction of drill spray during hydraulic slotting.The stress concentration around the bore increases as the diameter of the hole increases.As the hole enlarges the variation in stress also increases,which introduces an instability into the coal.This allows easy breaking and removal of the coal.Destruction of the coal structure by the water jet is the major factor causing drill spray.Energy stored as either strain or gas pressure is released by the water jet and this causes the coal to fracture and be expelled from the hole.Field tests showed the effect on gas extraction after slotting with drill spray.The concentration of gas increases after drilling.Compared to conventional techniques,the hydraulic slotted bore gives a gas concentration three times higher and has an effective range twice as far.This makes the gas extraction process more efficient and allows reduced construction effort.

Mechanism and experiment of substituting high drainage roadway with directional long drilling group to extract pressure-relief gas

By establishing the numerical model in the vertical plane and the similar model in the horizontal plane of gas flow in goaf, the influence of high drainage roadway or drilling on the gas seepage field was analyzed, and the extraction mechanism was clarified. On this basis, the academic thought of directional long drilling group instead of high drainage roadway was put forward. And then using complex function theory, the permeation mechanical model of drilling group with circle distribution in the mining-induced fracture zone was established to explore the coupling relationship between the drilling quantity, extraction volume and the equivalent extraction rate of single drilling. Finally, combined with the concrete geological production conditions, the main parameters of directional long drilling group were determined. The distance between the drilling group center and the air-return roadway is 24 m, the height is 18 m, and the three drillings are in an approximate equilateral triangle distribution with a space of 8 m. The equivalent extraction square is 4.15 m2. It is shown that the effect of directional long drilling group is evident. The gas content in the upper comer is controlled below 0.95%, the content in the tail roadway is kept below the alarm value, and the content is over 50% in the drill, realizing the secure and effective extraction of coal and gas.

Phaco drill与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗硬核白内障患者的效果

目的:探讨Phaco drill与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗硬核白内障患者的效果。方法:回顾性选取2020年10月—2022年4月麻城市中医医院收治的60例硬核白内障患者。根据不同手术治疗方法将其分为Phaco组(n=25)和小切口组(n=35)。小切口组给予小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术,Phaco组给予Phaco drill。比较两组术前、术后1个月眼睛恢复情况,术前,术后3 d、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜散光度,并发症。结果:术后1个月,Phaco组最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、角膜内皮细胞(corneal endothelial cell,CEC)密度均高于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析显示,角膜散光度组间、时间、交互比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后3 d、术后1个月,Phaco组角膜散光度均低于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Phaco组术后并发症发生率低于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Phaco drill治疗硬核白内障可促进患者恢复,近期对角膜散光度的影响较小,对角膜内皮损伤较小,且术后并发症发生率低。

Technique of coal mining and gas extraction without coal pillar in multi-seam with low permeability

Aimed at the low mining efficiency in deep multi-seams because of high crustalstress,high gas content,low permeability,the compound 'three soft' roof and the trouble-somesafety situation encountered in deep level coal exploitation,proposed a new idea ofgob-side retaining without a coal-pillar and Y-style ventilation in the first-mined key pressure-relieved coal seam and a new method of coal mining and gas extraction.The followingwere discovered:the dynamic evolution law of the crannies in the roof is influenced bymining,the formative rule of 'the vertical cranny-abundant area' along the gob-side,thedistribution of air pressure field in the gob,and the flowing rule of pressure-relieved gas ina Y-style ventilation system.The study also established a theoretic basis for a new miningmethod of coal mining and gas extraction which is used to extract the pressure-relievedgas by roadway retaining boreholes instead of roadway boreholes.Studied and resolvedmany difficult key problems,such as,fast roadway retaining at the gob-side without a coalpillar,Y-style ventilation and extraction of pressure-relieved gas by roadway retainingboreholes,and so on.The study innovated and integrated a whole set of technical systemsfor coal and pressure relief gas extraction.The method of the pressure-relieved gasextraction by roadway retaining had been successfully applied in 6 typical working faces inthe Huainan and Huaibei mining areas.The research can provide a scientific and reliabletechnical support and a demonstration for coal mining and gas extraction in gaseous deepmulti-seams with low permeability.

A new method of combined rock drilling

Based on the technologies of traditionally mechanical drilling and water jet,we propose a new method of abrasive water jet in combination with rock drilling,and establish a combined rock drilling system for the gas pre-drainage.This study chose the common sandstone and silicon limestone as the rock sample.A series of experiments were completed in the case of dry drilling,existing technology drilling,combined drilling with high pressure water jet and combined drilling with abrasive water jet,respectively.The drilling efficiency and performance were contrasted and analyzed in detail.The results indicate that it is better to choose the method of combined drilling with the high-pressure water jet for soft rocks.The method of combined drilling with abrasive water jet is feasible for the hard rock drilling and has higher drilling efficiency and performance.In this paper,compared with the existing technology,the drilling depth has increased by about 65%,the axial force and torque have reduced by about 14%and 17%,respectively,and the drill wear reduces obviously in the same conditions.

高瓦斯煤层大直径钻孔卸压增透瓦斯渗流时空演化机理

矿井瓦斯抽采面临抽采率低、有效抽采周期短、瓦斯预抽体积分数不达标等困境。为实现高瓦斯低透气性煤层的精准卸压增透,以顺和煤矿2404典型深井高瓦斯低透气性煤层工作面为研究对象,基于长时力学效应理论建模、COMSOL数值分析和现场试验等方法,构建了大直径钻孔卸压煤层瓦斯运移多场耦合模型,提出了大直径钻孔瓦斯有效抽采半径的判定指标——残余瓦斯压力不超过0.22 MPa,揭示了大直径煤层钻孔卸压增透机理及瓦斯运移规律:单一大直径钻孔煤层瓦斯压力呈以钻孔圆心为对称中心的椭圆分布,即由钻孔圆心向外瓦斯压力逐渐增加,随着抽采时间延长,抽采达标区域逐渐扩大。钻孔周边应力转移特征为:随着抽采时间增加,单一大直径钻孔周边点的垂直应力呈现先增后降趋势。进一步提出了高瓦斯低透气性煤层大直径钻孔卸压增透抽采技术。模拟确定了钻孔有效抽采半径,孔间距6.0 m、直径300 mm钻孔卸压增透效果最好,其两侧3.0 m内平均渗透率为1.58×10^(-15)m^(2),远大于初始值1.15×10^(-17)m^(2)。现场应用表明,大直径钻孔瓦斯抽采远优于普通钻孔,300 mm大直径钻孔瓦斯体积分数最大值为47.2%,75 mm原钻孔最大瓦斯体积分数最大值仅为10.6%,且大直径钻孔5.0%以上高瓦斯体积分数抽采天数提高了40.2%,有效解决了小直径瓦斯钻孔治理难题,为高瓦斯煤层高效精准卸压增透强化抽采提供了有效途径。

开采保护层与预抽煤层瓦斯防突效果分析

为比较开采保护层与预抽煤层瓦斯防突效果,以1124(3)运顺开采保护层段和预抽煤层瓦斯段煤巷掘进为试验对象,统计了试验地点煤巷掘进期间残余瓦斯含量、钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1、钻屑量等防突指标,采用假设检验方法推断了各防突指标是否有差别,分析了开采保护层段和预抽煤层瓦斯段各防突指标产生差别的原因,验证了开采保护层区域防突措施比预抽煤层瓦斯区域防突措施更加安全可靠。

高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯搭接部位研究与应用

相邻钻场高位定向钻孔合理搭接是保证抽采瓦斯效果稳定、提高钻孔有效利用率的重要环节。根据顶板裂隙带高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯机理研究结果,通过分析布置高位定向钻孔空间层位、煤层顶板裂隙带分布特征、钻孔轨迹等抽采效果影响因素,确定了实现成功接替的钻孔合理搭接部位,并在党家河煤矿进行了工程应用。应用显示:80~121 m钻孔搭接长度能够满足瓦斯抽采效果,在搭接部位外端点接替使每个钻孔减少钻孔工程量约40 m。

低透气煤层无泵式钻扩一体化增透技术与钻具研究

针对在低透气煤层常规机械掏穴、水力冲孔等增透施工中存在的施工效率低、掏穴装置稳定性差以及需要配备高压泵等问题,提出了无泵式钻扩一体化增透施工技术,研制了配套的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置,并进行了现场工业性试验。结果表明:钻扩一体化增透施工技术在煤矿井下静压水条件下,可实现一趟下钻完成先导孔和机械掏穴的同时作业,解决了常规掏穴装置刀翼开合不稳定、必须配套高压泵的问题,降低了该技术的使用成本;研发的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置工作灵活稳定且可靠性高,造穴段单孔直接扩大至原常规钻孔孔径的4.4倍,显著提升了瓦斯抽采效果,该技术的成功应用为煤矿井下低透气煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工提供了技术支撑。

石油开采噪声控制研究与应用

文章详细介绍了钻机噪声源特征、工作场景特征要求、降噪设计关键难点、降噪方案及其成果,可为石油开采、钻探领域噪声控制工程提供借鉴。项目涉及的国际工程中标准的适用问题与解决方案,也可为同类国际项目提供借鉴。

基于瓦斯防治工程的隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测

隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测研究是瓦斯灾害防治工程的基础。根据中国煤矿生产法律规章,开采具有瓦斯灾害危险的煤层前,必须实施瓦斯抽放工程。通常,地质异常区域即是瓦斯灾害危险区,构造应力场和采动应力场的叠加会扰动煤体并加压瓦斯。为精准定位地质异常区,评价其瓦斯致灾潜能,提出了一种基于瓦斯抽采工程进行瓦斯异常区域勘测的研究方法。该方法利用抽采钻孔参数和施工记录,采集钻孔数据并计算煤层顶底板控制点坐标,进而利用二维投影图件及三维应力场模型对隐伏地质构造(如小的断层、褶曲、局部煤厚异常变化等)进行勘查和预测;通过分析小型地质构造周围的附加应力场,并对瓦斯致灾潜能进行动态预测。应用该方法,可以对地质异常区进行精细调查,揭示采煤工作面瓦斯地质演化的一般规律。其研究结果为高瓦斯或突出煤层瓦斯灾害防治措施优化设计及有效实施提供科学依据。

矿井瓦斯抽采钻孔偏移特性研究

为避免井下瓦斯抽采钻孔发生轨迹偏移,出现瓦斯抽采盲区,产生瓦斯抽采空白带,首先以山西阳泉新景煤矿15121底抽巷、15124低位巷、15124回风巷为工程背景,测试穿层钻孔和顺层钻孔的偏移情况;然后利用均角全距法计算钻孔三维轨迹数值,并结合煤层赋存地质信息,绘制钻孔三维轨迹与煤岩三维层位关系可视化图,分析影响钻孔偏移的因素和拟合数据,并得出钻孔偏移特性。研究表明:穿层钻孔主要在细砂岩层开始偏移,且均在煤层段偏移变大,煤层段最大偏移量为0.52 m;顺层钻孔开孔倾角相近时,孔深越深终孔垂直偏差越大,40 m孔深平均垂直偏移量为1.37 m;小角度钻孔受重力影响较大,轨迹易发生偏移,大角度钻孔在垂直方向上向上或向下偏移,偏移量比小角度钻孔偏移量小;在水平方向上,底抽巷、低位巷、回风巷布孔间距分别缩短0.68、0.28、0.54 m。

基于钻进参数和岩性的钻爆法隧道围岩智能分级模型

为进一步提高基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型判识准确率,引入围岩岩性作为已知条件,对不同岩性分别建立基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型。首先,依托宜兴高铁、郑万高铁隧道工程中凿岩台车采集到的钻进参数,将其根据围岩岩性划分为白云岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩、砂岩、页岩5类子数据集;然后,进行数据清洗、特征提取,对各子数据集及原始数据集按照4∶1的比例拆分为训练集和测试集,分别以提取的特征和原始特征均值2类特征集合作为输入;最后,使用机器学习随机森林算法建立5个基于钻进参数和岩性的围岩智能分级模型以及基于钻进参数的围岩智能分级模型,评估每个模型的泛化性能。结果显示:1)以提取特征集合为输入的白云岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩、砂岩、页岩5种围岩智能分级模型在测试集上的准确率分别为85.48%、92.16%、88.62%、85.00%、89.47%,不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型的测试集准确率为84.91%。2)相比不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型,基于钻进参数和岩性的围岩智能分级模型测试集准确率提高0.09%~7.25%;相比不进行钻进参数特征提取,围岩智能分级模型准确率提升1.61%~13.82%。由此表明:进行钻进参数特征提取能够有效提升围岩智能分级模型的准确率;相比不考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型,考虑岩性的围岩智能分级模型稳定性提高,模型的泛化能力提升。

瓦斯抽采钻孔布置方案参数优化:以保德煤矿为例

针对高瓦斯中低渗透率厚煤层工作面常规预抽钻孔预抽浓度低、钻孔衰减系数大、瓦斯预抽时间长等难题,以保德煤矿8号煤层为研究对象。通过8号煤层渗透率各项异性实验分析和现场测试,对8号煤层钻孔布孔方位以及封孔工艺最优参数进行研究。结果表明:预抽钻孔与煤壁裂隙呈90°,钻孔倾角为-6°时钻孔抽采效果最好;采用新材料+囊袋作为封孔材料,封孔距离8~16 m时,增大压力和“两堵两注”的注浆方式,能有效地提供封孔的气密性。通过3种不同的测试方法,确定4个月时的钻孔抽采有效半径约为4 m,6个月有效抽采半径为4.5 m。以此为依据,得出工作面瓦斯抽采钻孔最佳布置参数。研究成果为高瓦斯低渗透率厚煤层工作面预抽钻孔设计提供了参考依据。

下向低浓钻孔“抽-注”排水排渣抽采一体化技术研究

为了防止永夏矿区陈四楼煤矿煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生,在采用水力排渣钻孔进行抽采瓦斯时,发现在钻孔内存在着大量的水和煤渣,堵塞了煤体内部的孔隙通道,对煤层瓦斯运移和钻孔孔壁的稳定性产生不利影响,从而严重影响了瓦斯抽采的效果。针对煤矿急需解决的俯孔排水排渣问题,提出采用压风吹孔技术,将孔内水和煤渣带出孔外,疏通钻孔堵塞通道。该技术在陈四楼煤矿井下现场应用效果良好,吹孔后钻孔平均在抽浓度由11.86%提升到了18.73%~56.38%,低浓钻孔提升效果明显;代替了以往水力排渣钻进技术,达到高效抽采瓦斯、保证煤矿安全生产的目的,对钻孔抽采瓦斯过程中能够及时排出水和煤渣有一定指导意义。在此基础上,形成的一套下向低浓钻孔“抽—注”排水排渣一体化技术及工艺,为下向低浓钻孔排水排渣工作提供参考借鉴。

瓦斯抽采钻孔封堵一体化封孔技术研究及应用分析

针对地应力存在易影响煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔、易造成钻孔围岩出现衍生裂隙,进而引发钻孔漏气,影响瓦斯高效抽采的问题。为有效解决上述问题,以山西某矿5310综采工作面瓦斯抽采工程概况为例,深入分析了该工作面瓦斯抽采钻孔在使用后期出现失效的原因,研究了钻孔封堵一体化技术,设计了三囊袋封堵一体化装置,确定了最优裂隙堵漏材料配比方案,并进行了工业性试验,试验结果表明:与传统的两堵一注技术相比,应用封堵一体化技术后,钻孔瓦斯抽采平均浓度可从17.2%提升到59.6%,瓦斯抽采效果明显改善,有效消除了矿井安全生产隐患,更好地保障了矿井安全生产。

李村煤矿顶板定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采参数优化研究

针对高抽巷工程量大、成本高、影响采掘接替等问题,分析了顶板定向长钻孔的合理布置范围、抽采机理及关键影响因素,并根据正交实验和方差分析确定了抽采效果敏感性指标。在李村煤矿1305工作面进行了顶板定向长钻孔代替高抽巷的试验,试验结果表明:顶板定向长钻孔达到了高抽巷瓦斯抽采的效果,将上隅角瓦斯浓度控制在安全范围内,且其施工进度快,成本低,有效解决了李村矿采掘接替紧张的局面。

A real-time intelligent lithology identification method based on a dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm

Real-time intelligent lithology identification while drilling is vital to realizing downhole closed-loop drilling. The complex and changeable geological environment in the drilling makes lithology identification face many challenges. This paper studies the problems of difficult feature information extraction,low precision of thin-layer identification and limited applicability of the model in intelligent lithologic identification. The author tries to improve the comprehensive performance of the lithology identification model from three aspects: data feature extraction, class balance, and model design. A new real-time intelligent lithology identification model of dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm(DFW-RF) is proposed. According to the feature selection results, gamma ray and 2 MHz phase resistivity are the logging while drilling(LWD) parameters that significantly influence lithology identification. The comprehensive performance of the DFW-RF lithology identification model has been verified in the application of 3 wells in different areas. By comparing the prediction results of five typical lithology identification algorithms, the DFW-RF model has a higher lithology identification accuracy rate and F1 score. This model improves the identification accuracy of thin-layer lithology and is effective and feasible in different geological environments. The DFW-RF model plays a truly efficient role in the realtime intelligent identification of lithologic information in closed-loop drilling and has greater applicability, which is worthy of being widely used in logging interpretation.

葡萄提取物作为环保型降滤失剂的室内研究与评价

本文针对现有的天然材料降滤失剂抗温能力不足的问题,我们寻找了一种抗高温的绿色材料—葡萄提取物(GE),并首次评价了GE的降滤失性能及降滤失机理。首先利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了GE的结构,热重实验(TGA)表明了其具有较好的热稳定性。随后通过中压滤失和高温高压滤失实验评价了GE在高温条件下对基浆降滤失性的影响,并利用Zeta电位、粒径分布、扫描电镜(SEM)实验分析了GE的降滤失机理。实验结果表明,170℃老化16h后,含有3%GE基浆的中压(API)滤失量为12.8mL,小于15mL,120℃高温高压(HTHP)滤失量为24.0mL,优于常用降滤失剂羧甲基淀粉(CMS)、聚阴离子纤维素(PAC)和国外聚合物降滤失剂Driscal,与磺酸盐共聚物(DSP-2)的降滤失效果相当。GE具有优异的降滤失性能主要通过氢键作用和静电作用强烈吸附在膨润土表面,增加了膨润土的zeta电位绝对值,提高了膨润土在高温下的电稳定性,使得膨润土高温不易聚结,减小了膨润土的粒径,更好地促进了膨润土的分散,且滤饼表面光滑。GE分子结构含有苯并六元杂环,这种结构使得分子链刚性强,在高温条件下不易发生蜷曲变形,使其在高温170℃下保持了优异的降滤失性能。此外,GE的生物毒性EC50为133690mg/L,大于30000mg/L,GE的生物降解性BOD5/CODcr为32.75%,大于5%,表明了它是无毒且易生物降解。

基于Three.js的井下瓦斯抽采钻孔三维可视化系统研究

瓦斯抽采长期以来是我国煤炭资源开采的重要方面,而抽采钻孔的设计是其中的关键环节,为解决实际工作面形成废孔、无效孔过多问题,开发了基于Three.js的井下瓦斯抽采钻孔三维可视化系统,并在宽沟煤矿I010203综放工作面瓦斯抽放计划进行了工程实践应用,并根据φ94 mm、φ113 mm钻孔孔径以及抽采天数提供了多种瓦斯抽采方案。实验结果表明,该系统充分发挥了在线三维可视化优势,提高了井下瓦斯抽采钻孔的管理效率,促进了煤矿企业的透明矿山、智慧矿山建设。