Kinematic Characteristics Analysis and Parametric Solving of Snow Melting Agent Throwing Mechanism with Variable Crank Length

Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.

Appearance of Jiangzao 361, a Conventional Early Indica Rice Variety, in Throwing Demonstration Experiment and Its Matching Throwing Technique

In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the experimental demon- stration, the corresponding matching throwing technique is put forward.

Double Band Double-Pulley Repair for Articular Surface Partial Tears of the Supraspinatus in Throwing Athletes: Improving the Transtendon Technique

Disabled shoulders of throwing athletes typically present with extended undersurface partial tears of the rotator cuff, which include the posterior supraspinatus and the anterior infraspinatus tendon to a variable extent. We propose a modified transtendon repair technique to adequately treat this subset of patients. The repair includes two double-loaded anchors, at the anterior and the posterior end of the tear, respectively. With the help of an angulated penetrator we create a medial and a lateral band of sutures on top of the cuff, producing a broad contact in the tendon-to-bone interface. All the 9 so far operated patients were young men, 7 of them base-ball pitchers, and 5 active in competitive sports. The Constant Score rose from 72 points preoperatively to 99 points at 12 months follow-up. Three of the still active pitchers were able to return to their previous level in sports after one year. The improved footprint contact of our novel repair construct should allow for better healing and, therefore, a higher chance of return to competition.

Operation analysis and parameter optimization of the conveying device for uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines

Uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines can achieve the processes of straw chopping,straw transport,sowing,fertilization,and straw mulching at the same time,which is widely used in many areas of China.Conveying device is one of the important components used to convey,elevate and throw straw.However,the problems of high power consumption and congestion affect the promotion of the machine.Therefore,the conveying device of uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machine was analyzed in order to determine its device operation mechanism.Kinematic and dynamic analyses of particles of crushed rice straw during lifting and dispersion are used to develop a flexible-body model of rod-shaped and agglomerate-shaped crushed straw and a coupling model including the mechanical structure of the device.By integrating computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method,the gas-solid coupling theory in numerical simulations and motion analysis of crushed straw particles is used to determine how the flow field and motion characteristics affect the conveying performance.Besides,regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert.The effect of throwing blade speed X_(1),conveying volume of crushed straw X_(2),and pipeline diameter X_(3) on the throwing speed of crushed straw Y_(1) and specific power consumption Y2 were investigated.The highest throwing speed of crushed straw and lowest specific power consumption are the optimization goal.The results of optimization showed that the predict the best optimal parameters were 2000 r/min throwing blade rotational speed,1.4 kg/s conveying volume,and 220 mm pipeline diameter,the planter achieved a throwing speed of 12.2 m/s and specific power consumption of 9179 m^(2)/s^(2).And then a field test verification was conducted.The planter achieved a throwing speed 12.4 m/s and specific power consumption 9070 m^(2)/s^(2) while selecting the best optimal parameters.Thus,the optimal parameters can provide a high-performance operation and satisfy the actual operation requirements The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for seeding technology innovation and equipment optimization to ensure uniform crushed straw throwing in dense rice stubble fields.

Geometry and 3D seismic characterisation of post-rift normal faults in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea

Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data acquired in the Pearl(Zhujiang)River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea,this study investigated the geometry,spatial extension,and throw distribution of the post-rift normal fault through detailed seismic interpretation and fault modeling.A total of 289 post-rift normal faults were identified in the study area and can be classified into four types:(1)isolated normal faults above the carbonate platform;(2)isolated normal faults cutting through the carbonate platform;(3)conjugate normal faults,and(4)connecting normal faults.Throw distribution analysis on the fault planes show that the vertical throw profiles of most normal fault exhibit flat-topped profiles.Isolated normal faults above the carbonate platform exhibit roughly concentric ellipses with maximum throw zones in the central section whereas the normal faults cutting through the carbonate platform miss the lowermost section due to the chaotic seismic reflections in the interior of the carbonate platform.The vertical throws of conjugate normal faults anomalously decrease toward their intersection region on the fault plane whereas the connecting normal faults present two maximum throw zones in the central section of the fault plane.According to the symmetric elliptical distribution model of fault throw,an estimation was made indicating that normal faults cutting through the carbonate platform extended downward between-1308 s and-1780 s(two-way travel time)in depth and may not penetrate the entire Liuhua carbonate platform.Moreover,it is observed that the distribution of karst caves on the top of the carbonate platform disaccord with those of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the post-rift normal faults cutting through the carbonate platform in the study area.We propose that these karst caves formed most probably by corrosive fluids derived from magmatic activities during the Dongsha event,rather than pore waters or hydrocarbons.

Throwing Caution to the Wind

Academy Award-winning Director Ang Lee’s latest movie Lust,Caution wins him another Golden Lion but it’s too hot for Chinese

Throwing Open the Doors

China’s art galleries,museums and libraries are to be made admission-free for the public In two years,Chinese citizens will not have to pay to enter public art galleries,the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance jointly announced on February 10.

Developing Recipe from Local Ceramic Raw Materials for Making Crucibles in Ghana

The study experimented with using local ceramic raw materials (white clay, kaolin and silica or quartz) found in AssinFosu in the Central Region of Ghana to manufacture crucibles for melting metals and other precious minerals. Various physical tests were conducted on the materials to arrive at the body compositions. The compositions were also investigated for their elemental components by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results revealed that the composition of Cruc containing 70% of white clay, 20% of kaolin, 8% of quartz and 2% of white grog;sintered at 1500˚C was very successful and therefore used to develop the recipe to manufacture the proposed crucibles. The “throwing” technique was employed to fabricate the crucibles. Test for thermal expansion was conducted for the manufactured crucibles at 1000˚C for thermal shock and microcracking tests. It was found out among others, that the recipe developed had very good physical and chemical properties of alumina silicate refractory materials and was fit for use at any high-temperature application. The study also recommended among others, that the researchers and institutions responsible for clay research such as Ghana Geological Survey Authority (GGSA) and Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) collaborate to improve upon this innovative idea.

Development and Transition of Rice Planting in China

[Objective] This paper aimed to clarify the rice planting methods and its supporting technology to be developed in rice producing areas in China. [Method] Evolvement of rice planting methods in rice producing areas in China and in representative rice-growth countries abroad, its characteristics, adaptability and key issues were analyzed. [Result] The analysis of development of rice planting method in China and abroad indicated that rice planting method was adapted to rice-based cropping system and ecological environment, and its transition accompanied with social and economic development. With agricultural labor transfer from agriculture to other industries since 1990’s, rice seedling throwing was gradually applied and in recent decades, while direct seeding and machine transplanting were practiced. Now, hand transplanting is still the main rice planting method, adopted in 50% of national rice planting area; seedling throwing, direct seeding and machine transplanting are conducted in 25% , 12% and 13% of the national rice planting area. [Conclusion] Machine transplanting should be a leading rice planting method. Though area covered with machine direct seeding is still small up to now, it can be practiced in some rice growing area due to labor saving and low cost. Leading planting methods and its supporting key technologies are proposed in various rice producing areas in the future.

脉冲电镀在垂直电镀线上的应用

本文着重讲述脉冲电镀在电路板垂直电镀线上实际使用过程中的注意事项，及使用过程中所遇到的异常情况。

A virtual experiment showing single particle motion on a linearly vibrating screen-deck

A virtual sieving experimental simulation system was built using physical simulation principles.The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude,the inclination angle of the screen-deck and the vibration direction angle of screen on single particle kinematics were predicted.Properties such as the average velocity and the average throw height were studied.The results show that the amplitude and the angle of vibration have a great effect on particle average velocity and average height.The vibration frequency and the screen-deck inclination angle appear to have little influence on these responses.For materials that are difficult to screen the vibration frequency and amplitude,the screen-deck inclination angle and the vibration angle should be set to 14 Hz,6.6 mm,6° and 40°,respectively,to obtain optimal particle kinematics.A screening process can be simulated reliably by means of a virtual experiment and these results provide references for both screening theory research and sieving practice.

Posterior shoulder instability in the athletic population: Variations in assessment, clinical outcomes, and return to sport

Posterior instability of the shoulder is becoming an increasingly recognized shoulder injury in the athletic population. Diagnostic elements, such as etiology, directionality, and degree of instability are essential factors to assess in the unstable athletic shoulder. Concomitant injuries and associated pathologic lesions continue to be a significant challenge in the surgical management of posterior shoulder instability. Return to sport and previous level of play is ultimately the goal for every committed athlete and surgeon, thus subpopulations of athletes should be recognized as distinct entities requiring unique diagnostic, functional outcome measures, and surgical approaches.

Validation of a method to predict hammer speed from cable force

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method that would facilitate immediate feedback on linear hammer speed during training. Methods： Three-dimensional hammer head positional data were measured and used to calculate linear speed （calculated speed） and cable force. These data were used to develop two linear regression models （shifted and non-shifted） that would allow prediction of hammer speed from measured cable force data （predicted speed）. The accuracy of the two models was assessed by comparing the predicted and calculated speeds. Averages of the coefficient of multiple correlation （CMC） and the root mean square （RMS） of the difference between the predicted and calculated speeds for each throw of each participant were used to assess the level of accuracy of the predicted speeds. Results： Both regression models had high CMC values （0.96 and 0.97） and relatively low RMS values （1.27 m/s and 1.05 m/s） for the non-shifted and shifted models, respectively. In addition, the average percentage differences between the predicted and calculated speeds were 6.6% and 4.7% for the non-shifted and shifted models, respectively. The RMS differences between release speeds attained via the two regression models and those attained via three-dimensional positional data were also computed. The RMS differences between the predicted and calculated release speeds were 0.69 m/s and 0.46 m/s for the non-shifted and shifted models, respectively. Conclusion： This study successfully derived and validated a method that allows prediction of linear hammer speed from directly measured cable force data. Two linear regression models were developed and it was found that either model would be capable of predicting accurate speeds. However, data predicted using the shifted regression model were more accurate.

Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90&deg descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Erratum to “Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players” [Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology Vol.6 No.5 (2015) 368-374]

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90&deg descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Erratum to “Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players” [Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 6 (2015) 368-374]

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90° descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Seismic damage zone and width-throw scaling along the strike-slip faults in the Ordovician carbonates in the Tarim Basin

Understanding the scaling relation of damage zone width with displacement of faults is important for predicting subsurface faulting mechanisms and fluid flow processes. The understanding of this scaling relationship is influenced by the accuracy of the methods and types of data utilized to investigate faults. In this study, seismic reflection data are used to investigate the throw and damage zone width of five strike-slip faults a ecting Ordovician carbonates of the Tarim intracraton basin,NW China. The results indicate that fault slips with a throw less than 200 m had formed wide damage zones up to 3000 m in width. Also, damage zone width is found to have both a positive correlation and a power-law relation with throw of two orders of magnitude, with a ratio of these values varying in a range of 2–15. The relationship between throw and damage zone width is not a simple power-law and changes its slope from small to larger size faults. The results indicate that throw scales well with damage zone width for the studied faults, and hence these can be used to predict fault geometries in the Tarim Basin. The study of the wide carbonate damage zones presented here provides new insights into scaling of large-size faults, which involve multiple faulting stages.

改进圆筒制粒造球效果的生产实践

通过对炉料在圆筒内制粒造球效果的影响因素进行细致的分析和探讨,找出主要原因是炉料的粒级组成;水分大小及加入方式;炉料在混合制粒圆筒内的运行状态、制粒时间和圆筒内部结构等因素决定其制粒成球效果。并主要针对圆筒内衬材质、扬料器规格及间距、炉料混合强度变化等采取了相应措施,以提高圆筒制粒造球效果,改善炉料透气性及操控条件,增加精矿处理量。

Sinistral strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the northeast of Shaleitian Bulge,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The structural style, fault activity, strike-slip displacement, and the formation mechanism and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the center tectonic zone in the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone were studied by seismic attribute analysis, structural geometric analysis, fault activity analysis, structure evolution history and simulation of hydrocarbon migration, based on 3-D seismic and drilling data. The main results are as follows:(1) The study area is a superimposed tectonic zone, which experienced early(Paleocene and Eocene) extension and late(Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary) strike-slip and pull-apart.(2) The sinistral strike slip of the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone went through two periods, Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary, and the Bohai section was active earlier than the inland section.(3) The sinistral strike slip displacement of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault is 4 km since Cenozoic, including 1 km in the Oligocene, and 3 km in the Pliocene-Quaternary.(4) The strike-slip movements have resulted in the increase of fault activity and basin-mountain restructure in the fault zone, also contributed to the formation of the central tectonic belt and the conjugate evolution in north-east structural belt.(5) The conjugate strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone dominated the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in shallow formations by controlling the injection points and segments of hydrocarbon from the deep layers to shallow layers.