We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue(a thymic cyst)in the neck.Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent,from...We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue(a thymic cyst)in the neck.Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent,from the angle of the mandible to the upper mediastinum.Disruption of the thymic descent can result in ectopically/abnormally localised islets of accessory thymic tissue,which may undergo cystic changes,as described in a case report by Sun et al.This anatomical variation of the thymus may be clinically misinterpreted as a neoplasm or other congenital anomalies as a branchial cyst,lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma.The present editorial focuses on the challenge of establishing a diagnosis of ectopically localised tissue of thymus often presented as a lateral cervical mass,especially in the case of cystic variation/degeneration of this thymic tissue.We summarise hypotheses on the origin of such congenital cervical thymic cysts from the point of view of evolutionary history and embryology.We also discuss lesser-known facts about the anatomy,histopathology and developmental biology of the thymus as one of the most enigmatic organs in the human body.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)of prognosis in patients who underwent different treatment regimens.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library for studies done on the trea...AIM:To evaluate lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)of prognosis in patients who underwent different treatment regimens.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library for studies done on the treatment of LGACC,between January 1987 and April 2022.A Metaanalysis was conducted to pool the 5-year overall survival rate(OR),and the 5-year recurrence rate(RR)and 5-year metastasis rate(MR)were assessed.RESULTS:The 30 studies involved 585 patients were included in the Meta-analysis.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery alone was 50%,the 5-year RR was 63%,and the 5-year MR was 34%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy combined was 67%(95%CI 61%,73%),the 5-year RR was 41%,and the 5-year MR was 35%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 72%(95%CI 59%,84%),the 5-year RR was 48%,and the 5-year MR was 36%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery,intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy,and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 78%(95%CI 68%,89%),the 5-year RR was 15%,and the 5-year MR was 27%.CONCLUSION:Comprehensive treatment is more effective than surgery alone.Surgery combined with intraarterial chemotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy seems to add value to the therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment of LGACC but further high-quality research is required to validate this.展开更多
Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathoge...Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease which mainly affects neuromuscular junctions. The ages, modified Osserman classification and clinical manifestation and humoral immunol function of MG wit...BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease which mainly affects neuromuscular junctions. The ages, modified Osserman classification and clinical manifestation and humoral immunol function of MG with and without thymic abnormality are different. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical manifestation and humoral immuno-function of MG with abnormal and normal thymus gland. DESIGN : Contrast observation SETTTNG : Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University PARTZCZPANTS : A total of 49 inpatients with MG were selected from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2000 to August 2005. All the patients had typical clinical manifestation of MG and positive neostigmine test. All the patients knew and agreed the laboratory examinations. There were 22 males and 27 females of 2-69 years old. Chest MRI or CT scan were performed to reveal thymus gland abnormality. According to whether there was tumor in superior mediastinum, all patients were divided into 2 groups, abnormal and normal groups. Normal thymus gland group (n=30) contained 16 males and 14 females of 6-43 years old. Abnormal thymus gland group (n=19) contained 6 male and 13 female of 2-69 years old, METHODS: ① All patients were questioned about initial symptoms. Meanwhile, main clinical manifestations were recorded at hospital admission. ② 7180A automatic biochemical analyzer and automatic microplate reader were used in detecting seroimmunity index. The levels of C3, C4, IgG, IgA, IgM and CH50 in blood serum were analyzed by nephelometry. ③ Clinical classification is based on modified Osserman classification. The patients with MG were divided into six types: I (Ocular myasthenia), Ⅱ a (Mild generalized myasthenia), Ⅱb (Moderately severe generalized myasthenia), Ⅲ (Acute fulminating myasthenia), Ⅳ(Late se- vere myasthenia). MAZN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Differences of initial symptoms and clinical manifestation of two group patients. ② Differences of age of onset and modified Osserman classification of two groups. ③The humoral immuno-functions of two groups were compared. RESULTS: All the 49 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Differences of initial symptoms: Ptosis was the most common initial symptoms in both groups. Patients with ptosis of normal thymus gland were 25 (83%, 25/30). Patients with ptosis of abnormal thymus gland were 13 (68%, 13/19). Patients with normal thymus gland: dysphagia 2 (7%, 2/30), diplopia 4 (13%, 4/30), fatigue 4 (13%, 4/30), dysarthria 3, (10 %, 13/30). Patients with abnormal thymus gland: dysphagia 3 (16%, 3/19), diplopia 6 (32%, 6/19), fatigue 3 (16%, 3/19), dysarthria 2 (10%, 2/19). ② Differences of clinical manifestation of two groups: Ptosis was the most common clinical manifestation in both groups. Patients with ptosis of normal thymus gland were 29 (97%, 29/30). Patients with ptosis of abnormal thymus gland were 15 (79%, 15/19). The rates of fatigue and breathing disorder in patients with abnormal thymus gland were higher than patients with normal thymus gland. Myasthenia crisis occurred in 3 patients (16 %, 3/19) in abnormal thymus gland group, with 1 (3%, 1/30) in abnormal thymus gland group. ③ Differences of age of onset and modified Osserman classification: The rate of type | (63%, 19/30) in patients with normal thymus gland was higher than patients (42%, 8/19) with abnormal thymus gland. The rates of type Ⅱ a, Ⅱ b and Ⅲ (58 %) in patients with abnormal thymus gland were higher than patients (37%, 8/19) with normal thymus gland. But no differences were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05). Patient number of onset from 20 to 29 year old in abnormal group (47%) was higher than that in normal group (20%). Comparison of two groups was X2=4.10 and P 〈 0.05.④ Comparison of the humoral immunol indexes of two groups: The levels of IgG, IgA, C3 and CH50 in abnormal group were higher than those in normal group. But no differences were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSZON: ① Ptosis was the most common initial symptom and clinical feature in both groups. ② Clinical manifestation in abnormal group were more severe, and ages of onset in abnormal group were more young.③ The humoral immuno indexes of two groups were not significantly different.展开更多
●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS...●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.展开更多
Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on ...Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.Results Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages(d 90 of gestation, G90;d 0 after lactation, L0;d 20 after lactation, L20;2 d post natural involution, PI2;7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation(G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation(L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution(PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.Conclusion The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.展开更多
AIM:To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression(MMGE)in patients with moderate to s...AIM:To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression(MMGE)in patients with moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A prospective,randomized,open-label,and controlled clinical trial that compared one session of the ILux®MGD Treatment System versus five sessions of MMGE in both eyes of 130 patients aged≥18y with Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scores≥13,total meibomian gland scores(MGS)of<15 in the lower eyelid of each eye,and non-invasive tear break-up time(NI-TBUT)<10s,who were randomized 1:1 to ILux®or MMGE.RESULTS:The mean age was 58±17.49y.Baseline total MGS scores in both treatment groups were comparable.During follow-up,there were significant differences in total MGS and per sector with P<0.001.Multivariate analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations corresponding to the generalized linear model for repeated means to determine the treatment relationship with total MGS,NIBUT,and OSDI.There was a significant difference between ILux®and MMGE(P<0.001)at follow-up from the first to the twelfth month in MGS,NI-BUT,and OSDI scores.No adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION:ILux®treatment compared to MMGE significantly improves symptoms and signs in patients with moderate to severe MGD for one year without adverse events.展开更多
Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells wer...Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).展开更多
AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Obser...AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal Brunner's gland hyperplasia(BGH)is a therapeutic target when complications such as bleeding or gastrointestinal obstruction occur or when malignancy cannot be ruled out.Herein,we present a case...BACKGROUND Duodenal Brunner's gland hyperplasia(BGH)is a therapeutic target when complications such as bleeding or gastrointestinal obstruction occur or when malignancy cannot be ruled out.Herein,we present a case of large BGH treated with endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old woman presented at our hospital with dizziness.Blood tests revealed severe anemia,esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 6.5 cm lesion protruding from the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb,and biopsy revealed the presence of glandular epithelium.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)demonstr-ated relatively high echogenicity with a cystic component.The muscularis propria was slightly elevated at the base of the lesion.EMR was performed without complications.The formalin-fixed lesion size was 6 cm×3.5 cm×3 cm,showing nodular proliferation of non-dysplastic Brunner's glands compartmentalized by fibrous septa,confirming the diagnosis of BGH.Reports of EMR or hot snare polypectomy are rare for duodenal BGH>6 cm.In this case,the choice of EMR was made by obtaining information on the base of the lesion as well as on the internal characteristics through EUS.CONCLUSION Large duodenal lesions with good endoscopic maneuverability and no evident muscular layer involvement on EUS may be resectable via EMR.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of eye-sparing surgery for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and the impact on tumor recurrence and orbital integrity.METHODS:The study enrolled four patients with recurrent lacrimal...AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of eye-sparing surgery for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and the impact on tumor recurrence and orbital integrity.METHODS:The study enrolled four patients with recurrent lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.The outcome focused on the relevance of the integrity of the lateral orbital wall to the occurrence of extraorbital metastasis in the local recurrence of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.RESULTS:Three patients underwent eye-sparing surgery via lateral orbitotomy without postoperative radiotherapy,and one patient who underwent eye-sparing surgery via sub-brow approach.These four patients all demonstrated a recurrence involving the invasion of extraorbital tissues as metastatic form through surgical bone seams.CONCLUSION:Preserving intact orbital bone tissue is crucial for mitigating direct cross-organ metastasis of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.The findings suggest avoiding the lateral orbitotomy approach with no or limited orbital bone wall invasion.展开更多
Cotton has enormous economic potential,providing high-quality protein,oil,and fibre.But the comprehensive utilization of cottonseed is limited by the presence of pigment gland and its inclusion.Pigment gland is a comm...Cotton has enormous economic potential,providing high-quality protein,oil,and fibre.But the comprehensive utilization of cottonseed is limited by the presence of pigment gland and its inclusion.Pigment gland is a common characteristic of Gossypium genus and its relatives,appearing as visible dark opaque dots in most tissues and organs of cotton plants.Secondary metabolites,such as gossypol,synthesized and stored in the cavities of pigment glands act as natural phytoalexins,but are toxic to humans and other monogastric animals.However,only a few cotton genes have been identified as being associated with pigment gland morphogenesis to date,and the developmental processes and regulatory mechanism involved in pigment gland formation remain largely unclear.Here,the research progress on the process of pigment gland morphogenesis and the genetic basis of cotton pigment glands is reviewed,for providing a theoretical basis for cultivating cotton with the ideal pigment gland trait.展开更多
Background:To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).Methods:This is a ra...Background:To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).Methods:This is a randomized,controlled,non-masked,single-center study.Seventy-four cases(74 eyes)of dry eye associated with MGD were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-seven patients were chosen as the treatment group was treated by the traditional Chinese medicine fumigation 3 times a week combined with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.The other 37 cases were sorted as the control group and only treated with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.Both groups received the primary treatment for 1 month,including Tobradex eye ointment once a day and 0.1%sodium hyaluronate eye drops 4-6 times daily.Patients were evaluated at baseline and 2-week and 1-month visits for the ocular symptom scores,international ocular surface disease index(OSDI),fluorescein tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining test(CFS),Schirmer I test,meibum quality and meibum expressibility.Results:Sixty-seven patients were followed in the study,and the mean age was 57(±12.6)years.Thirty-three patients(11 males)in the treatment group and 34 patients(8 males)in the control group were followed in the study,and the mean age of the two groups was 45.36±15.02 years and 43.68±13.43 years,respectively.Before treatment,there was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,Schirmer I test,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,the 2 groups had different degrees of improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility at the 2-week and 1-month visits(P<0.05),and the treatment group showed a more significant improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality and meibum expressibility compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,no serious adverse events were observed in each group.Conclusions:The traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer may be safe,effective,and helpful for the treatment of dry eye associated with MGD.展开更多
●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in spe...●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.展开更多
AIM:To explore the prognostic factors for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)in Chinese patients.METHODS:Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed in patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC.Loc...AIM:To explore the prognostic factors for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)in Chinese patients.METHODS:Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed in patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC.Local recurrence,metastasis,and disease-specific death were the main outcome measures.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:This retrospective cohort study included 45 patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC between January 2008 and June 2022.Tumor(T)classification(P=0.005),nodal metastasis(N)classification(P=0.018)and positive margin(P=0.008)were independent risk factors of recurrence;T(P=0.013)and N(P=0.003)classification and the basaloid tumor type(P=0.032)were independent risk factors for metastasis;T classification(P<0.001)was an independent factor of death of disease.In the further analysis,the durations from first surgery to radiotherapy is correlated with metastatic risk in LGACC patients with basaloid component(P=0.022).CONCLUSION:Histological subtype should be emphasized when evaluating prognosis and guiding treatment.Timely radiotherapy may reduce the risk of metastasis in patients with basaloid component.展开更多
BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gla...BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gland and submandibular gland.This is very rare when it occurs in other nonsecreting glands.Here,we report one case of salivary gland carcinoma occurring in the thymus and discuss related diagnoses and treatment progress.CASE SUMMARY One 33-year-old middle-aged man presented with a thymus mass without any clinical symptoms when he underwent regular physical examination.Later,the patient was admitted to the hospital for further examination.Computed tomography(CT)showed that there was a mass of 3 cm×2.8 cm×1.5 cm in the thymus area.The patient had no symptom of discomfort or tumor-related medical history before.After completing the preoperative examinations,it was confirmed that the patient had indications for surgery.The surgeon performed a transthoracoscope"thymectomy+pleural mucostomy"for him.During the operation,the tumor tissue was quickly frozen,and the symptomatic section showed a malignant tumor.The final pathological result suggested thymus salivary gland carcinoma-mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC).In the second month after surgery,we performed local area radiotherapy for the patient,with a total radiation dose of 50.4 Gy/28Fx.After 12 mo of surgery,the patient underwent positron emission tomography-CT examination,which indicated that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.After 16 mo of operation,CT scan re-examination showed that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.As of the time of publication,the patient was followed up for one and a half years.He had no sign of tumor recurrence and continued to survive.CONCLUSION The incidence of MEC in the thymus is low,and its diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical features and imaging methods.Histopathological analysis plays a key role in the diagnosis of the disease.Patients with early-stage disease have a good prognosis and long survival period.In contrast,patients with advanced-stage disease have a poor prognosis and short survival period.Combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy in inoperable patients may prolong survival.展开更多
Meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)is a common ocular surface disease,and the pathogenesis of MGD is closely related to the alteration of meibomian gland morphology and(or)function.At present,the treatment strategy for M...Meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)is a common ocular surface disease,and the pathogenesis of MGD is closely related to the alteration of meibomian gland morphology and(or)function.At present,the treatment strategy for MGD consists of physical therapy,artificial lubricants,topical and systemic antibiotics and antiinflammatory agents,topical steroids andΩ-3 dietary supplementation.Recently,the thermal pulsation system(LipiFlow)has been used clinically,which allows heat to be applied to the palpebral surfaces of the upper and lower eyelids directly over the meibomian glands,while simultaneously applying pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid surfaces.Due to its specific design,the cornea and eyeball can successfully avoid the potential damage from overheating and improper expression,which will greatly improve the safety during the clinical application and patients'compliance.Studies have showed that the effectiveness of LipiFlow when treating MGD is at least as well as twice-daily lid warming and massage for 3 months,which displays a broad application prospect.At present,the application of LipiFlow in China has not been fully developed,and only some hospitals have experimental applications.This paper summarizes the research progress of LipiFlow treatment in MGD.展开更多
Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admit...Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each;the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery,and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection.The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared.Results:The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67%and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal,and there was no adverse reaction.Conclusion:Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain,reduced length of hospitalization,short healing time,and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.展开更多
In the present study,36 local rabbits of different ages were divided into two groups:18 infants and 18 adult rabbits of both sexes were used.Each group of rabbits were subdivided randomly into two subgroups(control an...In the present study,36 local rabbits of different ages were divided into two groups:18 infants and 18 adult rabbits of both sexes were used.Each group of rabbits were subdivided randomly into two subgroups(control and treated).Treated groups,received intraperitoneally calf thymus extract obtained from abattoir and homogenized with 0.15M NaCl,centrifuged and the supernatant was Millipore filtrated and stored at-20ºC and used in a dose of 0.25 mL/kg body weight daily for two weeks.Control groups received similar doses of normal saline intraperitoneally.Data obtained from each treated group were compared to those of the control group.Thirty days after the last injection,animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for biochemical,hematological investigations.Animals treated with crude thymus extract showed significant decreases in RBC,Hb and PCV.Blood indices(MCV and MCHC)also showed significant decreases in treated adults.Leukocyte count and the percentage of lymphocytes showed highly significant decrease in both treated groups,crude extract seems to induce immunosup-pressive action through anti proliferative properties.Biochemical parameters showed high significant decrease of serum albumin level in the treated adult group but no changes were observed in the infant group,while total protein markedly decreased only in treated adult,which could be explained on the base of decreased negative acute protein and increased catabolism of proteins in the liver.Changes in the lipid profile showed significant increase in triglyceride,VLDL,and LDL level,while HDL level was decreased in both treated groups.Changes in the HDL composition which is expected and decrease of antioxidant lead to increase in free radicals which induced LDL and VLDL oxidation and initiation of atherosclerosis.In all treated groups highly significant increase of AST,ALT and ALP activation were obvious as a result of liver cell damages.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to compare and analyze the chemical compositions, the relative contents and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from the tissue culture seedlings, the aseptic seedli...[Objective] This study aimed to compare and analyze the chemical compositions, the relative contents and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from the tissue culture seedlings, the aseptic seedlings and the common seedlings from seeds of Thymus vulgaris. [Method] The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation; the chemical compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and peak area normalization method; and the antimicrobial activity was tested by filter paper method. [Result] A total of 54 compositions were identified from these three samples, they had similar main compositions: thymol, m-Cymene, terpinene and so on, and these compositions were slightly different in contents. In addition, the essential oils from these three samples exhibited obvious antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in which the antibacterial activity against S. aureus was stronger than against E. coli. [Conclusion] It is possible to produce essential oil by tissue culture technology; the main compositions and antibacterial activity of the oils remained almost the same.展开更多
文摘We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue(a thymic cyst)in the neck.Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent,from the angle of the mandible to the upper mediastinum.Disruption of the thymic descent can result in ectopically/abnormally localised islets of accessory thymic tissue,which may undergo cystic changes,as described in a case report by Sun et al.This anatomical variation of the thymus may be clinically misinterpreted as a neoplasm or other congenital anomalies as a branchial cyst,lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma.The present editorial focuses on the challenge of establishing a diagnosis of ectopically localised tissue of thymus often presented as a lateral cervical mass,especially in the case of cystic variation/degeneration of this thymic tissue.We summarise hypotheses on the origin of such congenital cervical thymic cysts from the point of view of evolutionary history and embryology.We also discuss lesser-known facts about the anatomy,histopathology and developmental biology of the thymus as one of the most enigmatic organs in the human body.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.7222025)Beijing Hospitals Authority’Ascent Plan(No.DFL20190201)Beijing Science and Technology Rising Star Program.
文摘AIM:To evaluate lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)of prognosis in patients who underwent different treatment regimens.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library for studies done on the treatment of LGACC,between January 1987 and April 2022.A Metaanalysis was conducted to pool the 5-year overall survival rate(OR),and the 5-year recurrence rate(RR)and 5-year metastasis rate(MR)were assessed.RESULTS:The 30 studies involved 585 patients were included in the Meta-analysis.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery alone was 50%,the 5-year RR was 63%,and the 5-year MR was 34%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy combined was 67%(95%CI 61%,73%),the 5-year RR was 41%,and the 5-year MR was 35%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 72%(95%CI 59%,84%),the 5-year RR was 48%,and the 5-year MR was 36%.The pooled 5-year OR with surgery,intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy,and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 78%(95%CI 68%,89%),the 5-year RR was 15%,and the 5-year MR was 27%.CONCLUSION:Comprehensive treatment is more effective than surgery alone.Surgery combined with intraarterial chemotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy seems to add value to the therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment of LGACC but further high-quality research is required to validate this.
基金financially supported by the Third Xinjiang Comprehensive Scientific Expedition (2022xjkk020605)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Regional Coordinated Innovation Project (Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program) (2020E01047)supported by the Introduction Project of High-level Talents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
文摘Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.
基金the Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. A20052363
文摘BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease which mainly affects neuromuscular junctions. The ages, modified Osserman classification and clinical manifestation and humoral immunol function of MG with and without thymic abnormality are different. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical manifestation and humoral immuno-function of MG with abnormal and normal thymus gland. DESIGN : Contrast observation SETTTNG : Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University PARTZCZPANTS : A total of 49 inpatients with MG were selected from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2000 to August 2005. All the patients had typical clinical manifestation of MG and positive neostigmine test. All the patients knew and agreed the laboratory examinations. There were 22 males and 27 females of 2-69 years old. Chest MRI or CT scan were performed to reveal thymus gland abnormality. According to whether there was tumor in superior mediastinum, all patients were divided into 2 groups, abnormal and normal groups. Normal thymus gland group (n=30) contained 16 males and 14 females of 6-43 years old. Abnormal thymus gland group (n=19) contained 6 male and 13 female of 2-69 years old, METHODS: ① All patients were questioned about initial symptoms. Meanwhile, main clinical manifestations were recorded at hospital admission. ② 7180A automatic biochemical analyzer and automatic microplate reader were used in detecting seroimmunity index. The levels of C3, C4, IgG, IgA, IgM and CH50 in blood serum were analyzed by nephelometry. ③ Clinical classification is based on modified Osserman classification. The patients with MG were divided into six types: I (Ocular myasthenia), Ⅱ a (Mild generalized myasthenia), Ⅱb (Moderately severe generalized myasthenia), Ⅲ (Acute fulminating myasthenia), Ⅳ(Late se- vere myasthenia). MAZN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Differences of initial symptoms and clinical manifestation of two group patients. ② Differences of age of onset and modified Osserman classification of two groups. ③The humoral immuno-functions of two groups were compared. RESULTS: All the 49 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Differences of initial symptoms: Ptosis was the most common initial symptoms in both groups. Patients with ptosis of normal thymus gland were 25 (83%, 25/30). Patients with ptosis of abnormal thymus gland were 13 (68%, 13/19). Patients with normal thymus gland: dysphagia 2 (7%, 2/30), diplopia 4 (13%, 4/30), fatigue 4 (13%, 4/30), dysarthria 3, (10 %, 13/30). Patients with abnormal thymus gland: dysphagia 3 (16%, 3/19), diplopia 6 (32%, 6/19), fatigue 3 (16%, 3/19), dysarthria 2 (10%, 2/19). ② Differences of clinical manifestation of two groups: Ptosis was the most common clinical manifestation in both groups. Patients with ptosis of normal thymus gland were 29 (97%, 29/30). Patients with ptosis of abnormal thymus gland were 15 (79%, 15/19). The rates of fatigue and breathing disorder in patients with abnormal thymus gland were higher than patients with normal thymus gland. Myasthenia crisis occurred in 3 patients (16 %, 3/19) in abnormal thymus gland group, with 1 (3%, 1/30) in abnormal thymus gland group. ③ Differences of age of onset and modified Osserman classification: The rate of type | (63%, 19/30) in patients with normal thymus gland was higher than patients (42%, 8/19) with abnormal thymus gland. The rates of type Ⅱ a, Ⅱ b and Ⅲ (58 %) in patients with abnormal thymus gland were higher than patients (37%, 8/19) with normal thymus gland. But no differences were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05). Patient number of onset from 20 to 29 year old in abnormal group (47%) was higher than that in normal group (20%). Comparison of two groups was X2=4.10 and P 〈 0.05.④ Comparison of the humoral immunol indexes of two groups: The levels of IgG, IgA, C3 and CH50 in abnormal group were higher than those in normal group. But no differences were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSZON: ① Ptosis was the most common initial symptom and clinical feature in both groups. ② Clinical manifestation in abnormal group were more severe, and ages of onset in abnormal group were more young.③ The humoral immuno indexes of two groups were not significantly different.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J011084)Fujian Province Technology and Economy Integration Service Platform(No.2023XRH001)Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform(No.2022FX5)。
文摘●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509500,2021YFD1301101 and 2021YFA0805903)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program+3 种基金(2023YFN0088 and 2021YFYZ0030)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs (SCCXTD-2023-08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272837 and 32225046)Tianfu Agricultural Master Project。
文摘Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.Results Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages(d 90 of gestation, G90;d 0 after lactation, L0;d 20 after lactation, L20;2 d post natural involution, PI2;7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation(G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation(L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution(PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.Conclusion The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.
文摘AIM:To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression(MMGE)in patients with moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A prospective,randomized,open-label,and controlled clinical trial that compared one session of the ILux®MGD Treatment System versus five sessions of MMGE in both eyes of 130 patients aged≥18y with Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scores≥13,total meibomian gland scores(MGS)of<15 in the lower eyelid of each eye,and non-invasive tear break-up time(NI-TBUT)<10s,who were randomized 1:1 to ILux®or MMGE.RESULTS:The mean age was 58±17.49y.Baseline total MGS scores in both treatment groups were comparable.During follow-up,there were significant differences in total MGS and per sector with P<0.001.Multivariate analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations corresponding to the generalized linear model for repeated means to determine the treatment relationship with total MGS,NIBUT,and OSDI.There was a significant difference between ILux®and MMGE(P<0.001)at follow-up from the first to the twelfth month in MGS,NI-BUT,and OSDI scores.No adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION:ILux®treatment compared to MMGE significantly improves symptoms and signs in patients with moderate to severe MGD for one year without adverse events.
基金supported by the Science Fund for National Defense Distinguished Young Scholars(2022-JCJQ-ZQ-016)the Key Basic Research Projects of the Foundation Strengthening Plan(2022-JCJQZD-096-00)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1104604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000969)the Key Support Program for Growth Factor Research(SZYZ-TR-03).
文摘Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).
文摘AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal Brunner's gland hyperplasia(BGH)is a therapeutic target when complications such as bleeding or gastrointestinal obstruction occur or when malignancy cannot be ruled out.Herein,we present a case of large BGH treated with endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old woman presented at our hospital with dizziness.Blood tests revealed severe anemia,esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 6.5 cm lesion protruding from the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb,and biopsy revealed the presence of glandular epithelium.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)demonstr-ated relatively high echogenicity with a cystic component.The muscularis propria was slightly elevated at the base of the lesion.EMR was performed without complications.The formalin-fixed lesion size was 6 cm×3.5 cm×3 cm,showing nodular proliferation of non-dysplastic Brunner's glands compartmentalized by fibrous septa,confirming the diagnosis of BGH.Reports of EMR or hot snare polypectomy are rare for duodenal BGH>6 cm.In this case,the choice of EMR was made by obtaining information on the base of the lesion as well as on the internal characteristics through EUS.CONCLUSION Large duodenal lesions with good endoscopic maneuverability and no evident muscular layer involvement on EUS may be resectable via EMR.
基金Supported by the Beijing Nova Program-Cross-Cooperation(No.20220484218)Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(No.DFL20220301).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of eye-sparing surgery for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and the impact on tumor recurrence and orbital integrity.METHODS:The study enrolled four patients with recurrent lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.The outcome focused on the relevance of the integrity of the lateral orbital wall to the occurrence of extraorbital metastasis in the local recurrence of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.RESULTS:Three patients underwent eye-sparing surgery via lateral orbitotomy without postoperative radiotherapy,and one patient who underwent eye-sparing surgery via sub-brow approach.These four patients all demonstrated a recurrence involving the invasion of extraorbital tissues as metastatic form through surgical bone seams.CONCLUSION:Preserving intact orbital bone tissue is crucial for mitigating direct cross-organ metastasis of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.The findings suggest avoiding the lateral orbitotomy approach with no or limited orbital bone wall invasion.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001403)National Science Foundation of China(32101764).
文摘Cotton has enormous economic potential,providing high-quality protein,oil,and fibre.But the comprehensive utilization of cottonseed is limited by the presence of pigment gland and its inclusion.Pigment gland is a common characteristic of Gossypium genus and its relatives,appearing as visible dark opaque dots in most tissues and organs of cotton plants.Secondary metabolites,such as gossypol,synthesized and stored in the cavities of pigment glands act as natural phytoalexins,but are toxic to humans and other monogastric animals.However,only a few cotton genes have been identified as being associated with pigment gland morphogenesis to date,and the developmental processes and regulatory mechanism involved in pigment gland formation remain largely unclear.Here,the research progress on the process of pigment gland morphogenesis and the genetic basis of cotton pigment glands is reviewed,for providing a theoretical basis for cultivating cotton with the ideal pigment gland trait.
基金supported by the Young Talent Program of LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.RC-2020-01-08)the Comprehensive Hospital Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Guidance Project(No.ZXXT-202307).
文摘Background:To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).Methods:This is a randomized,controlled,non-masked,single-center study.Seventy-four cases(74 eyes)of dry eye associated with MGD were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-seven patients were chosen as the treatment group was treated by the traditional Chinese medicine fumigation 3 times a week combined with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.The other 37 cases were sorted as the control group and only treated with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.Both groups received the primary treatment for 1 month,including Tobradex eye ointment once a day and 0.1%sodium hyaluronate eye drops 4-6 times daily.Patients were evaluated at baseline and 2-week and 1-month visits for the ocular symptom scores,international ocular surface disease index(OSDI),fluorescein tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining test(CFS),Schirmer I test,meibum quality and meibum expressibility.Results:Sixty-seven patients were followed in the study,and the mean age was 57(±12.6)years.Thirty-three patients(11 males)in the treatment group and 34 patients(8 males)in the control group were followed in the study,and the mean age of the two groups was 45.36±15.02 years and 43.68±13.43 years,respectively.Before treatment,there was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,Schirmer I test,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,the 2 groups had different degrees of improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility at the 2-week and 1-month visits(P<0.05),and the treatment group showed a more significant improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality and meibum expressibility compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,no serious adverse events were observed in each group.Conclusions:The traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer may be safe,effective,and helpful for the treatment of dry eye associated with MGD.
基金Supported by Regional Science Foundation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060827,No.82260891)The Key Discipline of Universities in the“14th Five-Year Plan”Autonomous Region-Traditional Chinese Medicine at Xinjiang Medical University.
文摘●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82303106)Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai (No.SHSMU-ZDCX20210902)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (No.20DZ2270800)Project of Biobank of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (No.ybka202208)2023 Postdoctoral Research Project Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (No.202401026).
文摘AIM:To explore the prognostic factors for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma(LGACC)in Chinese patients.METHODS:Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed in patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC.Local recurrence,metastasis,and disease-specific death were the main outcome measures.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:This retrospective cohort study included 45 patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC between January 2008 and June 2022.Tumor(T)classification(P=0.005),nodal metastasis(N)classification(P=0.018)and positive margin(P=0.008)were independent risk factors of recurrence;T(P=0.013)and N(P=0.003)classification and the basaloid tumor type(P=0.032)were independent risk factors for metastasis;T classification(P<0.001)was an independent factor of death of disease.In the further analysis,the durations from first surgery to radiotherapy is correlated with metastatic risk in LGACC patients with basaloid component(P=0.022).CONCLUSION:Histological subtype should be emphasized when evaluating prognosis and guiding treatment.Timely radiotherapy may reduce the risk of metastasis in patients with basaloid component.
文摘BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gland and submandibular gland.This is very rare when it occurs in other nonsecreting glands.Here,we report one case of salivary gland carcinoma occurring in the thymus and discuss related diagnoses and treatment progress.CASE SUMMARY One 33-year-old middle-aged man presented with a thymus mass without any clinical symptoms when he underwent regular physical examination.Later,the patient was admitted to the hospital for further examination.Computed tomography(CT)showed that there was a mass of 3 cm×2.8 cm×1.5 cm in the thymus area.The patient had no symptom of discomfort or tumor-related medical history before.After completing the preoperative examinations,it was confirmed that the patient had indications for surgery.The surgeon performed a transthoracoscope"thymectomy+pleural mucostomy"for him.During the operation,the tumor tissue was quickly frozen,and the symptomatic section showed a malignant tumor.The final pathological result suggested thymus salivary gland carcinoma-mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC).In the second month after surgery,we performed local area radiotherapy for the patient,with a total radiation dose of 50.4 Gy/28Fx.After 12 mo of surgery,the patient underwent positron emission tomography-CT examination,which indicated that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.After 16 mo of operation,CT scan re-examination showed that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.As of the time of publication,the patient was followed up for one and a half years.He had no sign of tumor recurrence and continued to survive.CONCLUSION The incidence of MEC in the thymus is low,and its diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical features and imaging methods.Histopathological analysis plays a key role in the diagnosis of the disease.Patients with early-stage disease have a good prognosis and long survival period.In contrast,patients with advanced-stage disease have a poor prognosis and short survival period.Combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy in inoperable patients may prolong survival.
文摘Meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)is a common ocular surface disease,and the pathogenesis of MGD is closely related to the alteration of meibomian gland morphology and(or)function.At present,the treatment strategy for MGD consists of physical therapy,artificial lubricants,topical and systemic antibiotics and antiinflammatory agents,topical steroids andΩ-3 dietary supplementation.Recently,the thermal pulsation system(LipiFlow)has been used clinically,which allows heat to be applied to the palpebral surfaces of the upper and lower eyelids directly over the meibomian glands,while simultaneously applying pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid surfaces.Due to its specific design,the cornea and eyeball can successfully avoid the potential damage from overheating and improper expression,which will greatly improve the safety during the clinical application and patients'compliance.Studies have showed that the effectiveness of LipiFlow when treating MGD is at least as well as twice-daily lid warming and massage for 3 months,which displays a broad application prospect.At present,the application of LipiFlow in China has not been fully developed,and only some hospitals have experimental applications.This paper summarizes the research progress of LipiFlow treatment in MGD.
基金Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology,No.21YXYJ0060。
文摘Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each;the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery,and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection.The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared.Results:The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67%and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal,and there was no adverse reaction.Conclusion:Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain,reduced length of hospitalization,short healing time,and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.
文摘In the present study,36 local rabbits of different ages were divided into two groups:18 infants and 18 adult rabbits of both sexes were used.Each group of rabbits were subdivided randomly into two subgroups(control and treated).Treated groups,received intraperitoneally calf thymus extract obtained from abattoir and homogenized with 0.15M NaCl,centrifuged and the supernatant was Millipore filtrated and stored at-20ºC and used in a dose of 0.25 mL/kg body weight daily for two weeks.Control groups received similar doses of normal saline intraperitoneally.Data obtained from each treated group were compared to those of the control group.Thirty days after the last injection,animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for biochemical,hematological investigations.Animals treated with crude thymus extract showed significant decreases in RBC,Hb and PCV.Blood indices(MCV and MCHC)also showed significant decreases in treated adults.Leukocyte count and the percentage of lymphocytes showed highly significant decrease in both treated groups,crude extract seems to induce immunosup-pressive action through anti proliferative properties.Biochemical parameters showed high significant decrease of serum albumin level in the treated adult group but no changes were observed in the infant group,while total protein markedly decreased only in treated adult,which could be explained on the base of decreased negative acute protein and increased catabolism of proteins in the liver.Changes in the lipid profile showed significant increase in triglyceride,VLDL,and LDL level,while HDL level was decreased in both treated groups.Changes in the HDL composition which is expected and decrease of antioxidant lead to increase in free radicals which induced LDL and VLDL oxidation and initiation of atherosclerosis.In all treated groups highly significant increase of AST,ALT and ALP activation were obvious as a result of liver cell damages.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City(2109k3070009)National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the 12 th Five-Year Plan Period (2011BAD18B02)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to compare and analyze the chemical compositions, the relative contents and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from the tissue culture seedlings, the aseptic seedlings and the common seedlings from seeds of Thymus vulgaris. [Method] The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation; the chemical compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and peak area normalization method; and the antimicrobial activity was tested by filter paper method. [Result] A total of 54 compositions were identified from these three samples, they had similar main compositions: thymol, m-Cymene, terpinene and so on, and these compositions were slightly different in contents. In addition, the essential oils from these three samples exhibited obvious antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in which the antibacterial activity against S. aureus was stronger than against E. coli. [Conclusion] It is possible to produce essential oil by tissue culture technology; the main compositions and antibacterial activity of the oils remained almost the same.