Hybrid Operation of Fault Current Limiter and Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor

The effectiveness of a combination of fault current limiter and thyristor controlled braking resistor on power system stability enhancement and damping turbine shaft torsional oscillations has been studied. If both devices operate at the same bus, the stabilization control scheme can be carried out continuously and with flexibility. As a result, the fault currents are limited, and the generator disturbances and the turbine shaft torsional oscillations are converged quickly. In this paper, the effectiveness of the combination of both devices has been demonstrated by considering 3LG （three-lines-to-ground） fault in a two-machine infinite bus system. Also, temperature rise effect of both devices with various resistance values and weights has been demonstrated. Simulation results indicate a significant power system stability enhancement and damping turbine shaft torsional oscillations as well as with allowable temperature rise.

Fault component integrated impedance-based pilot protection scheme for EHV/UHV transmission line with thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC) and controllable shunt reactor(CSR)

This paper analyzes the fundamental frequency impedance presents a novel transmission line pilot protection scheme characteristic of a thyristor controlled series capacitor （TCSC） and based on fault component integrated impedance （FCII） calculated for a transmission line with TCSC and controllable shunt reactor （CSR）. The FCII is defined as the ratio of the sum of the fault component voltage phasors of a transmission line with TCSC and CSR to the sum of the fault component current phasors where all the phasors are determined at both line＇s terminals. It can be used to distinguish internal faults occurring on the line from external ones. If the fault is an external one the FCII reflects the line＇s capacitive impedance and has large value. If the fault is an internal one on the line the FCII reflects the impedance of the equivalent system and the line and is relatively small. The new pilot protection scheme can be easily set and has the fault phase selection ability and also it is not affected by the capacitive current and the fault transition resistance. It is not sensitive to compensation level and dynamics of TCSC and CSR. The effectiveness of the new scheme is validated against data obtained in ATP simulations and Northwest China 750 kV Project.

Coordinated Design of Thyristors Controlled Braking Resistors and Power System Stabilizer for Damping

This paper presents a new concept for damping electro-mechanical oscillations in large turbo generator. The proposed concept is based on coordination between Power System Stabilizer （PSS） and Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor （TCBR）. This coordination will enhance the stability of the inertial and torsional oscillatory modes. The study is performed on system-I of the second IEEE benchmark for simulation of Sub-Synchronous Oscillations, using eigenvalue analysis and verified by detailed digital simulation. A dynamic fundamental frequency model for TCBR is developed. The pole placement technique is used to design the control system of TCBR and PSS. The shaft torque＇s following a disturbance is computed and analyzed. The obtained results indicate that substantial damping is achieved by the proposed coordination.

High dV/dt immunity MOS controlled thyristor using a double variable lateral doping technique for capacitor discharge applications

An analysis model of the dV/dt capability for a metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） controlled thyristor （MCT） is developed. It is shown that, in addition to the P-well resistance reported previously, the existence of the OFF-FET channel resistance in the MCT may degrade the dV/dt capability. Lower P-well and N-well dosages in the MCT are useful in getting a lower threshold voltage of OFF-FET and then a higher dV/dt immunity. However, both dosages are restricted by the requirements for the blocking property and the forward conduction capability. Thus, a double variable lateral doping （DVLD） technique is proposed to realize a high dV/dt immunity without any sacrifice in other properties. The accuracy of the developed model is verified by comparing the obtained results with those from simulations. In addition, this DVLD MCT features mask-saving compared with the conventional MCT fabrication process. The excellent device performance, coupled with the simple fabrication, makes the proposed DVLP MCT a promising candidate for capacitor discharge applications.

可控关断逆阻型IGCT换流阀研制

基于大功率晶闸管构成的电流源型换流器在HVDC工程中得到广泛应用,由于晶闸管的固有关断特性,当交流系统电压跌落时会引发换相失败问题,这将导致直流功率波动、甚至直流闭锁,威胁电网安全稳定运行。为了解决换相失败问题,首先基于逆阻型集成门极换流晶闸管(RB-IGCT)构建了新型换流器,提出了这种换流器的两种运行模式,设计了可控关断RB-IGCT换流器控制系统,并基于所设计的控制系统提出了换流器换相工作时序。其次采用6英寸RB-IGCT设计了换流阀,并提出了IGCT驱动单元的设计方案。最后搭建了换流阀运行试验系统,完成了RB-IGCT换流阀样机研制和验证,通过试验验证了换流阀设计的合理性。所提成果可为后续RB-IGCT在HVDC工程中的应用提供有力支撑。

A New Robust Adaptive Neural Network Backstepping Control for Single Machine Infinite Power System With TCSC

For a single machine infinite power system with thyristor controlled series compensation(TCSC) device, which is affected by system model uncertainties, nonlinear time-delays and external unknown disturbances, we present a robust adaptive backstepping control scheme based on the radial basis function neural network(RBFNN). The RBFNN is introduced to approximate the complex nonlinear function involving uncertainties and external unknown disturbances, and meanwhile a new robust term is constructed to further estimate the system residual error,which removes the requirement of knowing the upper bound of the disturbances and uncertainty terms. The stability analysis of the power system is presented based on the Lyapunov function,which can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness(UUB) of all parameters and states of the whole closed-loop system. A comparison is made between the RBFNN-based robust adaptive control and the general backstepping control in the simulation part to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Gravitational search algorithm for coordinated design of PSS and TCSC as damping controller

A newly developed heuristic global optimization algorithm, called gravitational search algorithm （GSA）, was introduced and applied for simultaneously coordinated designing of power system stabilizer （PSS） and thyristor controlled series capacitor （TCSC） as a damping controller in the multi-machine power system. The coordinated design problem of PSS and TCSC controllers over a wide range of loading conditions is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem which is the aggregation of two objectives related to damping ratio and damping factor. By minimizing the objective function with oscillation, the characteristics between areas are contained and hence the interactions among the PSS and TCSC controller under transient conditions are modified. For evaluation of effectiveness and robustness of proposed controllers, the performance was tested on a weakly connected power system subjected to different disturbances, loading conditions and system parameter variations. The cigenvalues analysis and nonlinear simulation results demonstrate the high performance of proposed controllers which is able to provide efficient damping of low frequency oscillations.

Stability Improvement of Power System by Using PI ＆ PD Controller

This paper presents the model of a SVC （Static VAR Compensator） which is controlled externally by a PI （Proportional Integral） ＆ PD （Proportional Differential） controllers for the improvements of voltage stability and damping effect of an on line power system. Both controller parameters has been optimized by using Ziegler-Nichols close loop tuning method. Both single phase and three phase （L-L） faults have been considered in the research. In this paper, a power system network is considered which is simulated in the phasor simulation method ＆ the network is simulated in four steps; without SVC, With SVC but no externally controlled, SVC with PI controller ＆ SVC with PD controller. Simulation result shows that without SVC, the system parameters become unstable during faults. When SVC is imposed in the network, then system parameters become stable. Again, when SVC is controlled externally by PI ＆ PD controllers, then system parameters becomes stable in faster way then without controller. It has been observed that the SVC ratings are only 50 MVA with controllers and 200 MVA without controllers. So, SVC with PI ＆ PD controllers are more effective to enhance the voltage stability and increases power transmission capacity of a power system. The power system oscillations are also reduced with controllers in compared to that of without controllers. So with both controllers the system performance is greatly enhanced.

压控型脉冲功率半导体器件技术及应用

近年来,采用新一代半导体开关替代传统气体或真空开关是脉冲功率系统的一种重要发展趋势。为了给脉冲功率半导体器件领域的技术发展提供参考,简要介绍了压控型脉冲功率半导体器件技术的发展历程,总结了MOS栅控晶闸管(MCT)在器件设计、工艺和可靠性等方面的研究进展,同时通过比较MCT与一般商业IGBT器件,阐述了MCT相比于其他功率脉冲半导体器件的优劣情况,并结合典型应用场景展示了MCT器件的优势,对压控型脉冲功率半导体器件的发展趋势进行了简要分析。

单相桥式全控整流电路晶闸管续流问题分析

本文以晶闸管单相桥式全控整流电路为研究对象,简述单相整流桥的工作原理及其特点,分析续流电阻在整流电路中的作用,分别从整流桥整流和逆变两种状态入手,研究续流电阻在不同工况下的工作原理及其对电路输出波形的影响,并通过Matlab仿真和现场试验对续流电阻的作用进行验证,以期为工程现场续流电阻的准确选取提供依据。

晶闸管和IGBT混合的三相电机两相变频控制策略

现有三相交直交变频电路中大多使用IGBT作为电力电子器件,为了进一步降低低压大容量变频器设备成本,减少IGBT的使用,提出了一种晶闸管和IGBT混合的三相电机两相变频电路结构及四开关八电压矢量直接转矩控制策略.首先分析了利用IGBT辅助晶闸管关断的三相电机两相变频电路结构,并分析了不同开关状态下的瞬时电路工作原理,给出三相四开关拓扑下的八电压矢量生成方法;其次提出四开关八矢量异步电机直接转矩控制策略,并给出扇区划分、电压矢量选择和电压矢量伏秒生成原理;最后通过仿真实验验证所提策略的正确性和可行性.仿真结果验证了上述电路结构和控制方法的有效性.

高压快速光控脉冲晶闸管的设计与实现

为提升功率半导体开关器件的峰值功率及开通速度,将晶闸管与光导开关(PCSS)的优势进行结合,设计了一种高压光控脉冲晶闸管器件,实验及分析中发现光生载流子横向扩展速度较慢,易诱发电流集中效应,从而导致器件失效,开关的导通速度也难以进一步提升。在此基础上继续进行改进,提出大面积分散的阵列式门极结构,并采用激光二极管阵列、大电流脉冲强驱动等技术,大幅度提升了注入功率与均匀性。为了与阵列式门极图形匹配,设计了5×3阵列光源,使驱动的光功率峰值达到1 200W,波长为905nm。基于传统硅基μm级工艺平台,流片了23 mm开关芯片,完成了激光二极管阵列与开关的一体化封装。开关实现了工作电压8.5 kV、输出电流6 kA、开通峰值功率50 MW的工作特性,测试di/dt达到55 kA/μs,验证了该文设计的具有高工作电压、高隔离电压、快导通速度特性的新型光控脉冲晶闸管的有效性和可行性。此外,该文探讨了光控脉冲晶闸管结构提升脉冲性能的两种技术路径分别是提升驱动注入的峰值功率和均匀性。采用光控阵列式驱动和阵列式门极的技术路线,可有效地解决电控晶闸管、传统光控晶闸管(LTT)、单门极光控脉冲晶闸管的缺陷,显著提高器件的性能水平。

用于直流可控避雷器的晶闸管控制单元设计

基于晶闸管的直流可控避雷器是混合级联特高压直流输电系统的关键设备,而晶闸管控制单元(thyristor control unit,TCU)作为其核心开关器件晶闸管的驱动控制装置,对于直流可控避雷器晶闸管的可靠运行起到十分重要的作用。直流可控避雷器的晶闸管工作在高压直流的条件下,其TCU的设计有别于常见的工作于交流电压条件下的晶闸管阀。文中首先介绍了直流可控避雷器的工作原理,接着分析了可控避雷器晶闸管TCU的工作原理,将TCU分为五大电路功能模块,并给出了各个电路功能模块的设计方案,实现了直流工况下晶闸管的触发控制。根据某实际工程直流可控避雷器提出的TCU设计需求,设计了样机,并通过试验验证了设计的合理性。

双芯IGCT浪涌电流鲁棒性研究

作为晶闸管类器件,双芯集成门极换流晶闸管(Dual IGCT)必须具备的抗浪涌电流能力研究鲜见报道。基于多单元集成的器件仿真结构模型,揭示了Dual IGCT在浪涌电流下工作时,总电流在GCT-A部分和GCT-B部分间的分配比例会随晶格温度升高而减小。在此基础上,分析了寿命控制技术对Dual IGCT浪涌鲁棒性的影响。结果表明,增大GCT-B的载流子寿命可以提高器件的浪涌鲁棒性,但同时会增大器件的功耗;而在对GCT-B进行载流子寿命控制时,引入具有较大寿命对温度依赖系数的复合中心,可以有效提高Dual IGCT浪涌电流鲁棒性,同时不影响器件的其他性能。最后,提出了一种工艺成本较低的阳极短路Dual IGCT新结构,其在浪涌电流下的晶格温升与传统的Dual IGCT相比大幅减小(约150 K),呈现出极高的抗浪涌能力。

一种晶闸管LED调光控制方法及调光电路设计

利用传统晶闸管调光技术对LED光源进行调光存在诸多缺点,对此提出一种晶闸管LED调光控制方法及调光电路。利用晶闸管调光器输出的模拟调光电压控制电源(反激变换器)芯片的开通和关断,将斩波交流电的模拟信号转变为输出到LED的周期性方波(PWM)电流,从而实现晶闸管调光器对LED的数字调光。最后给出了具体的电路及设计建议,并通过仿真进行了初步验证。

模拟换流阀长期运行工况的高压大功率晶闸管电热联合老化系统研制

近年来国内多个直流换流站发生严重事故,经调查发现事故起因多为长时间运行的换流阀晶闸管发生不同程度的老化甚至绝缘能力丧失。掌握晶闸管参数退化规律是开展晶闸管运维监测、预防此类事故继续发生的基础。因此为了深入了解换流阀晶闸管老化过程中特性参数退化规律与老化机理,首先需要搭建试验所需的模拟换流阀运行过程的晶闸管老化试验装置。文中首先分析了换流阀晶闸管的实际运行工况,并基于此设计了晶闸管电热联合老化主电路,接着对电路中涉及到的控制单元,包括绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的驱动电路与晶闸管的触发电路进行设计与搭建,并基于晶闸管的实际运行工况设计了晶闸管结温控制系统。为了获得晶闸管老化过程中特性参数的退化规律,设计了晶闸管漏电流在线监测系统与反向恢复离线测量系统。经过检验,各个模块以及主电路均能够保持长期稳定运行,为换流阀晶闸管的老化试验打下了良好基础。

基于自耦变压器结构的双调节式矿用消弧线圈研究

该文设计一种带有三次绕组的自耦变压器结构矿用消弧线圈,二次绕组接晶闸管投切电容电路,第三绕组具有高短路阻抗特性,输出端接反并联晶闸管,对消弧线圈进行细调。通过系统双调节回路的协调控制,可实现变压器消弧线圈的大范围连续调节。对消弧线圈的运行参数、控制策略以及调谐方法进行深入的研究分析。这种消弧线圈具有响应速度快、连续调节范围宽、谐波小、伏安特性好及补偿精度高等优点。MATLAB仿真验证新型矿用消弧线圈的合理性和优越性。

基于CMC芯片的充退磁控制器设计

本文介绍了一种新型充退磁控制器,该充退磁控制器以国内自主研发的CMC芯片为主控芯片进行开发,支持采用满足IEC 61131-3《可编程逻辑控制器》标准的5种编程语言进行客户程序开发。本文介绍了该充退磁控制器的工作原理、主要结构以及主要功能。该充退磁控制器支持多级模块扩展,实现多路磁板的充退磁控制。经测试验证,该控制器通过PWM波控制晶闸管通断,可完成精准的充退磁控制逻辑,使被控磁板产生稳定的磁力,响应迅速。

基于电力模拟信号的井式电炉启动控制方法研究

井式电炉启动过程需要快速将温度升至设定值,以满足生产需求。然而,由于受电炉电流和转速等因素的限制,会导致超调量较大的问题出现。为了降低井式电炉启动控制超调量,提出一种基于电力模拟信号的井式电炉启动控制方法。电力调整器利用信号采集器采集井式电炉转速与电流的电力模拟信号,并通过A/D转换单元将其变为数字信号;微处理器利用增量式比例、积分、微分控制技术,结合数字信号,输出井式电炉启动控制信号;晶闸管驱动单元接收井式电炉启动控制信号后,驱动交流晶闸管,调整晶闸管导通角,启动井式电炉;利用电流检测单元,实时检测井式电炉启动电流,当启动电流过大时,利用过载/短路保护单元,关断晶闸管,防止晶闸管过热损坏;当启动电流正常时,利用其恢复电力调整器的井式电炉启动控制功能。实验证明:该方法可有效实现井式电炉启动控制,且井式电炉启动过程平稳;当突加负载时,该方法的井式电炉启动控制超调量较小,具备较优的井式电炉启动控制性能。

特高压分级式可控高抗的集约化设计与应用

特高压分级式可控高抗(HCSR)解决了固定高抗在限制过电压和无功补偿方面无法兼顾的矛盾,其系统调控的灵活性高,为特高压交流电网的安全、稳定运行提供了保障。HCSR各个分设备不仅具有特高压设备重量重、体积大、结构复杂等特点,分设备之间的集成设计、绝缘配合均会导致建设用地需求大幅增加,这与国家严控建设用地增量的政策存在偏差。为此,本文充分考虑户外环境因素的影响,合理利用立体化空间设计理念,创新性提出了取能电抗器区域转接母线垂直设计,以及成套装置局部GIS设计的集约化设计方案。在合理控制设备和工程建设成本的前提下,优化解决了其粗放型使用建设用地的问题。采用集约化设计后,HCSR占地可节约25%左右,效果显著。