The role of cell mediated immunopathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Currently, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) lacks effective treatment due to our lack of clarity in its immunopathogenesis. Orbital fibroblasts play a key role in altering inflammation and immune response in TAO, and are considered as the key target and effector cells in its pathogenesis. The orbit infiltrating CD34+ fibrocytes add on to the process by expressing high levels of autoantigens and inflammatory cytokines, while also differentiating into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. This review focuses on the role of orbital fibroblasts and CD34+ fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO, highlighting the basis of emerging treatments.

The effect of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids and orbital decompression surgery on sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.

Presence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.

CT features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: A total of 605 eyes of 325 patients with exophthalmos due to TAO were classified as grade Ⅰ (mild exophthalmos) or Ⅱ (severe exophthalmos) based on orbital CT imaging. The increased orbital volume features, such as changes from extraocular muscles, orbital fat, or both, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 605 eyes were analyzed, among them 62.98% presented grade Ⅰ exophthalmos, while 36.02% showed grade Ⅱ exophthalmos. In grade Ⅰ, 56.69% showed orbital fat change, and in grade Ⅱ, 89.29% exhibited extraocular muscle enlargement. CONCLUSION: Orbital fat and extraocular muscle enlargement are likely to be observed on CTs of subjects with mild and severe exophthalmos, respectively. Our results suggest that CT findings may guide TAO clinical therapy recommendations and prognosis.

Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.

Culture and Differentiation of Human Orbital Preadipocytes in Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy

Purpose: To identify whether there are preadipocytes in the orbits of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and whether they possess the capacity to undergo adipocytic differentiation.Methods: Orbital fat tissue from TAO patients was placed in primary culture and proliferating cells were sub-passaged. The preadiocytes were identified with immunohistochemistry. Confluent preadipocytes were subjected to a differentiation protocol. And Peroxisome proliferators-associated receptorγ (PPARγ)transcript levels were determined before and after differentiation.Result: In primary culture, cells were spindly and showed positive immunostaining for preadipocyte factor-1 (pref-1 ) protein. During the process of differentiation, orbital cells showed evidence of adipogenesis and relatively greater PPARγ gene expression with differentiation.Conclusion: There are active preadipocytes in the orbital tissue of TAO patients which might be able to undergo adipocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that the preadipocytes differentiation contributed to excess orbital adipose tissue volume in TAO.

Hertel Exophthalmometry and Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Exophthalmos in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Objective: To compare the values of exophthalmos measured by computed tomography (CT) and Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy eyes were examined in 85 patients with TAO. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, Hertel exophthalmometry, and CT of the orbits through a 16-slice CT scanner (Bright Speed, General Electric), measuring the extraocular muscles, the total muscle thickness sum (MTS), and proptosis. The patients were divided into two groups-with activity and without TAO activity, the activity being assessed by means of the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and the severity-according to the EUGOGO classification. Results: TAO activity was detected in 45 patients (90 eyes, 53%) with MTS of 23.54 ± 5.73 mm, IOP of 19.78 ± 4.49 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 23.08 ± 4.19 mm and measured by CT-23.32 ± 4.33 mm. Forty patients (80 eyes, 47%) were without TAO activity, with MTS of 19.28 ± 4.03, IOP of 16.6 ± 4.51 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 20.03 ± 3.84 mm and measured by CT-19.84 ± 4.47 mm. A correlation was detected between exophthalmos and: MTS, IOP, the activity and severity of TАО. High congruence was established between the two methods of measuring exophthalmos-CT and HE (Pearson correlation, r = 0.690, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our results showed a high degree of consistency between Hertel exophthalmometry and multidetector CT for the evaluation of exophthalmos in patients with TAO. Exophthalmos is an important clinical feature and its measurement and monitoring over time assess the clinical course and outcome of treatment.

Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: an update

·The therapeutic effect of selenium(Se)has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO,there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose,duration of the treatment,efficacy and safety to date.In this review,the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013.The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO.These mechanisms include 1)inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes;2)profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)receptor antibodies(TSHR-Ab)and TPO antibodies(TPO-Ab);3)prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function;4)neutralising reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation,differentiation and action of lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO;5)inhibition of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and 6)inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS.The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease.The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in thesubjects who are hyperthyroid.Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se,the patients with Graves’disease(GD)and autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone.Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se supplementation may confer benefit only if serum Se levels are insufficient.The author recommends that serum Se levels of patients with TAO to be assessed prior to and during Se supplementation at regular intervals to avoid potential iatrogenic chronic Se overdose.

Biomarker identification of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy using microarray data

AIM： To uncover the underlying pathogenesis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy（TAO） and explore potential biomarkers of this disease.METHODS： The expression profile GSE9340, which was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, included 18 specimens from 10 TAO patients and 8 hyperthyroidism patients without ophthalmopathy. The platform was HumanRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip. Raw data were normalized using preprocess. Core package and the differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were identified based on t-test with limma package of R. Functional enrichment analyses were performed recruiting the DAVID tool. Based on STRING database, a protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed, from which a module was extracted. The functional enrichment for genes in the module was performed by the BinGO plugin.RESULTS： In total, 861 DEGs（433 up-regulated and 428 down-regulated） between TAO patients and hyperthyroidism patients without ophthalmopathy were identified. Crucial nodes in the PPI network included TPX2, CDCA5, PRC1, KIF23 and MKI67, which were also remarkable in the module and all enriched in cell cycle process. Additionally, MKI67 was highly correlated with TAO. Besides, the DEGs of GTF2 F1, SMC3, USF1 and ZNF263 were predicted as transcription factors（TFs）. CONCLUSION： Several crucial genes are identified such as TPX2, CDCA5, PRC1 and KIF23, which all might play significant roles in TAO via the regulation of cell cycle process. Regulatory relationships between TPX2 and CDCA5 as well as between PRC1 and KIF23 may exist.Additionally, MKI67 may be a potent biomarker of TAO, and SMC3 and ZNF263 may exert their roles as TFs in TAO progression.

血清IL-6、TNF-α、sICAM-1表达对甲状腺相关性眼病患者病情评估的指导价值

目的探讨血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)表达对甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)患者的病情评估的价值。方法选取龙岩市第一医院内分泌科2022年1—12月收治的63例TAO患者为研究组,另选取同期健康体检者63例为对照组,检测所有患者的IL-6、TNF-α、sICAM-1指标和肝功能指标,然后进行比较。结果研究组患者IL-6、TNF-α、sICAM-1水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组TSH水平低于对照组组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组FT3、FT4水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清IL-6、TNF-α、sICAM-1与FT3、FT4均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、TNF-α、sICAM-1表达对TAO病情评估有一定的价值,利于预防和控制疾病。

治疗甲状腺相关眼病新药——Teprotumumab-trbw

Teprotumumab-trbw是一种作用于胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体的单克隆抗体,于2020年被批准用于治疗甲状腺相关眼病,然国内对其了解较少。通过综述其分子结构、药代动力学、治疗机制、临床研究及安全性,希望能为临床使用提供指导。Teprotumumab-trbw可通过阻断促甲状腺激素受体/胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体串扰信号,抑制免疫炎症反应而减少透明质酸和炎症因子的产生,并能促进眶后成纤维细胞/脂肪细胞凋亡和抑制甲状腺激素的合成有关基因表达而明显改善突眼、复视等临床症状。Teprotumumab-trbw常见的不良反应是肌肉痉挛、高血糖、听力损伤等。Teprotumumab-trbw治疗甲状腺相关眼病疗效显著且耐久,二次治疗的患者也能从中受益,为甲状腺相关眼病的治疗提供了新的途径和希望。

基于“玄府郁闭-眼部微循环障碍”探讨甲状腺相关眼病

基于中医玄府理论探讨甲状腺相关眼病的发生发展及治疗。眼部微循环的障碍参与了甲状腺相关眼病的发生发展,眼部微循环与中医玄府理论在生理、病理上存在一定相关性。玄府郁闭是甲状腺相关眼病的基本病机,气郁玄府为诱因,五脏玄府功能失调是发病基础,痰湿、瘀血为重要的致病及病理因素。以开通玄府为主要治则,根据甲状腺相关眼病患者不同时期的临床表现以及病机特点来选用理气开玄、泄热开玄、利水祛湿、活血祛瘀、发散开玄、搜剔通络等方法,病情复杂者,治法兼杂,配伍虫类药、风药等特色疗法,为中医药治疗甲状腺相关眼病提供更多的思路。

IL-6在眼部炎性疾病中的作用

白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)是由单核细胞、巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞及其他细胞类型产生的多效性细胞因子,在感染和炎症过程中显著上调,是宿主抵御环境压力(如损伤和感染)的核心细胞因子。异常及持续的IL-6的产生与各种自身免疫及炎症性疾病的发展密切相关。越来越多的研究表明,IL-6在眼结膜、角膜、葡萄膜、视网膜等部位的炎症和血管生成中发挥重要作用。IL-6的阻断可以改善眼部慢性、难治性炎症。本文就IL-6在眼部炎症性疾病中的作用及机制进行综述,以期深入、系统地了解IL-6在眼部炎症性疾病中的作用。

IGF-1R在甲状腺相关眼病中的作用机制及靶向治疗进展

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种潜在的威胁视力的眼病,目前临床上采用的糖皮质激素、免疫抑制药物、眼眶局部放射及手术治疗等方法均未针对TAO的发病机制进行治疗。近年来研究发现眼眶成纤维细胞中的胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)活性增强引起透明质酸合成增多,导致TAO的发生,而抑制IGF-1R的活性可以减弱或阻断信号通路。替妥木单抗(Teprotumumab)作为治疗性的靶向IGF-1R拮抗剂,药物临床试验表明此药物能够显著降低TAO的活动性、严重程度、改善疾病的临床结局,并且具有良好的安全性和持久性。因此,替妥木单抗是从病因学角度治疗TAO的新方法,值得临床医生给予更多关注。

基于DSE-Net的甲状腺相关眼病患病区域轻量型分割算法

临床活动性评分(Clinical activity score,CAS)是临床诊断甲状腺相关眼病(Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)的重要评估方法之一。由于TAO症状的多样性和非患病区域的影响,人工诊断TAO容易受医生的主观经验影响。精准获取TAO患者脸部关键区域是早期诊断TAO的重要前提之一。因此,本文提出了一种基于DSE-Net的TAO患病区域自动分割的轻量型算法。DSE-Net采用U-Net作为主干模型,设计的密集型挤压-激励(Dense squeeze-and-excitation,DSE)通道注意力模块逐层提取编码结构的低级特征并融合解码结构的高级特征,进一步增强模型的特征提取能力。在巩膜、眼睑和泪阜数据集上的测试证明了DSE-Net的有效性,其中Dice系数分别达到了84.8%、84.7%和92.7%,IoU分别达到了74.0%、74.7%和86.5%。同时经过大量的对比实验证明了DSE-Net的优越性。提出的模型具有参数少、结构简单和特征提取能力强等特点,为TAO的早期诊断和预后治疗提供了重要信息。

CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞与甲状腺相关性眼病患者疾病活动度相关性研究

目的:探讨甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者外周血CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例变化与病情活动度的关系。方法:采用流式细胞术检测TAO患者和健康对照组CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例,分析TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与健康对照组的差异,并分析CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO疾病活动度之间的相关性。结果:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例明显低于健康对照(P<0.05);活动性TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例细胞显著低于非活动性TAO患者;CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO患者CAS评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.7128,P<0.001)。结论:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例降低,与疾病活动度呈负相关。

血脂联合磁共振参数在甲状腺相关性眼病糖皮质激素治疗疗效预测中的价值

目的:评估血清脂代谢指标联合眼眶磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)定量参数在预测中重度活动期甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)治疗疗效中的价值。方法:回顾性纳入44例接受GC治疗的中重度活动期TAO患者,根据GC疗效将患者分为敏感组(n=28)和抵抗组(n=16)。收集两组患者在GC治疗前的血清脂代谢指标和基于眼眶MRI测得的泪腺突出度/眼眶脂肪厚度(lacrimal gland herniation/orbital fat thickness,LGH/OFT)及其他临床参数,并比较两组间各参数差异。采用Logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线分析与GC治疗疗效相关的独立预测因子并评估其预测价值。结果:敏感组患者血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于抵抗组(P=0.005,P=0.019),且敏感组病程更短(P=0.037)。敏感组患者LGH/OFT显著高于抵抗组(P<0.001)。总胆固醇和LGH/OFT是TAO患者激素是否敏感的独立预测因子(OR值分别为0.230、1.395_(每0.1单位),P均<0.05)。联合血清总胆固醇≤4.8 mmol/L和LGH/OFT≥1.51预测GC治疗敏感性,可以获得最佳预测效能(曲线下面积为0.838,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为65.6%)。结论:血脂参数和眼眶MRI定量参数均可预测中重度活动期TAO患者GC治疗敏感性,两者联合可进一步提高预测效能。

香烟烟雾提取物及尼古丁诱导甲状腺相关眼病患者眼眶成纤维细胞氧化应激反应并上调NF-κB表达

目的探讨香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)及尼古丁对甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)氧化应激的影响,并以NF-κB为靶点探索其可能的分子机制。方法取5例无吸烟史的TAO患者和3例无吸烟史的因其他原因行眼外科手术的患者(对照患者)的眼外肌组织,原代培养眼外肌来源的眼眶成纤维细胞(OFs)。将OFs经10%CSE、0.5μg/mL尼古丁、10μg/mL尼古丁分别作用,即为CSE组、低浓度尼古丁组和高浓度尼古丁组。分别培养24、72h后分别采用MTT法、ELISA法和分光光度计法检测各组细胞活性、8-羟脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)水平及丙二醛(MDA)含量;24h后采用酶标仪法检测活性氧(ROS)水平,RTPCR法检测NF-κB mRNA水平。结果干预24及72h后,TAO患者及对照患者OFs的细胞活力在CSE作用下均下降(P<0.05),且TAO患者对OFs更敏感。高浓度尼古丁干预24h后,TAO患者OFs的8-OHdG水平增加(P<0.05);低浓度尼古丁干预72h时,OFs的8-OHdG水平也增加(P<0.05)。TAO患者及对照患者OFs经CSE或不同浓度尼古丁干预72h后的MDA含量均增加(P<0.01)。高浓度尼古丁干预24h后,TAO患者OFs中ROS水平上升(P<0.01)。CSE干预24h后,TAO患者OFs中NF-κB mRNA的表达上升(P<0.05);而对照患者OFs NF-κB mRNA的表达经CSE及高浓度尼古丁干预后下降(P<0.05)。结论吸烟可通过激活TAO患者OFs的氧化应激参与TAO的病理过程,即使吸烟量较少,经时间累积也可能发挥作用,其机制可能是通过上调NF-κB mRNA的表达来实现的。

生物制剂在甲状腺相关眼病中的研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种罕见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,发病机制尚未明确。目前治疗仍主要依赖糖皮质激素和传统免疫抑制剂,部分患者对这些药物反应不佳,同时存在治疗相关不良反应,因此迫切需要治疗TAO的新型药物。近年来,随着对TAO发病机制研究的不断深入,针对特定靶点研发的生物制剂层出不穷,其中靶向胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体(IGF-IR)的替妥木单抗已被美国食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗TAO,还有多种生物制剂处于临床试验阶段。本文通过总结针对IGF-IR、新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)、促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)、B细胞、细胞因子等的生物制剂在TAO中的临床研究现状,分析其对临床治疗及未来研究趋势的影响,为TAO临床防治和研究提供最新参考。

^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT对甲状腺相关性眼病炎性活动的评价

目的:采用^(99m)锝-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(^(99m)Tc-diethylene triamine pentaaceticacid,^(99m)Tc-DTPA)眼眶单光子发射计算机断层成像术(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)/CT对甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid associated opthamopathy,TAO)炎性活动进行评估。方法:收集2016年10月至2017年3月就诊于中南大学湘雅医院的TAO患者48例(93眼)。依据临床活动评分(clinical active score,CAS)标准将93只眼分为TAO活动期组(n=72)和TAO非活动期组(n=21),所有的患者均行^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT检查,以眼外肌肌腹^(99m)Tc-DTPA摄取增强为阅片阳性,比较^(99m)TcDTPA眼眶SPECT/CT与CAS评分对TAO活动性评价的准确性。结果:TAO活动期组^(99m)Tc-DTPA摄取率(uptake rate,UR)高于TAO非活动期组(P<0.01)。所有TAO患者的UR与其CAS评分呈正相关(r=0.767,P<0.01)。^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT结果和CAS评分结果不一致的患者有5例(7只眼),其中6只眼CAS评分<3分,但^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT结果显示眼外肌存在炎性病变;1只眼CAS评分>3分,但^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT结果未显示任何炎性病变。结论:^(99m)TcDTPA眼眶SPECT/CT对TAO活动期的评价与CAS评分具有一致性;^(99m)Tc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT对TAO活动期的评价可能比CAS评分更加客观、准确。