Effect of training on resident inter-reader agreement with American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System

BACKGROUND The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System(ACR TI-RADS)was introduced to standardize the ultrasound characterization of thyroid nodules.Studies have shown that ACR-TIRADS reduces unnecessary biopsies and improves consistency of imaging recommendations.Despite its widespread adoption,there are few studies to date assessing the inter-reader agreement amongst radiology trainees with limited ultrasound experience.We hypothesize that in PGY-4 radiology residents with no prior exposure to ACR TIRADS,a statistically significant improvement in inter-reader reliability can be achieved with a one hour training session.AIM To evaluate the inter-reader agreement of radiology residents in using ACR TIRADS before and after training.METHODS A single center retrospective cohort study evaluating 50 thyroid nodules in 40 patients of varying TI-RADS levels was performed.Reference standard TI-RADS scores were established through a consensus panel of three fellowship-trained staff radiologists with between 1 and 14 years of clinical experience each.Three PGY-4 radiology residents(trainees)were selected as blinded readers for this study.Each trainee had between 4 to 5 mo of designated ultrasound training.No trainee had received specialized TI-RADS training prior to this study.Each of the readers independently reviewed the 50 testing cases and assigned a TI-RADS score to each case before and after TI-RADS training performed 6 wk apart.Fleiss kappa was used to measure the pooled inter-reader agreement.The relative diagnostic performance of readers,pre-and post-training,when compared against the reference standard.RESULTS There were 33 females and 7 males with a mean age of 56.6±13.6 years.The mean nodule size was 19±14 mm(range from 5 to 63 mm).A statistically significant superior inter-reader agreement was found on the post-training assessment compared to the pre-training assessment for the following variables:1.“Shape”(k of 0.09[slight]pre-training vs 0.67[substantial]post-training,P<0.001),2.“Echogenic foci”(k of 0.28[fair]pre-training vs 0.45[moderate]post-training,P=0.004),3.‘TI-RADS level’(k of 0.14[slight]pre-training vs 0.36[fair]post-training,P<0.001)and 4.‘Recommendations’(k of 0.36[fair]pre-training vs 0.50[moderate]post-training,P=0.02).No significant differences between the preand post-training assessments were found for the variables'composition','echogenicity'and'margins'.There was a general trend towards improved pooled sensitivity with TI-RADS levels 1 to 4 for the post-training assessment while the pooled specificity was relatively high(76.6%-96.8%)for all TI-RADS level.CONCLUSION Statistically significant improvement in inter-reader agreement in the assigning TI-RADS level and recommendations after training is observed.Our study supports the use of dedicated ACR TI-RADS training in radiology residents.

Correlation of the BRAFV600E and RAS mutations with clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer using TCGA database analysis

Objective:To investigate the occurrence of BRAFV600E and RAS mutations in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) and to study their correlation with clinicopathological features of PTC. Methods Relevant information of PTC was downloaded and organized from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) via cBioPortal, then the gene mutation and clinical information of 402 PTC samples were analyzed. The correlation of BRAFV600E and RAS mutations with clinicopathological features and prognosis of PTC were subjected to univariate analysis. Secondly, we use Binary Logistic multivariate analysis to analyze the factors screened above. Results BRAFV600E mutation rate is 48.5% (195/402) and RAS mutation rate is 10.2% (41/402) in 402 cases of PTC. Univariate analysis showed that BRAFV600E mutation has nothing to do with age and sex of the patient. There is a significant correlation among BRAFV600E mutation and lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal invasion, staging, recurrence, progression and pathological subtypes in PTC. There is no significant correlation among RAS and age, sex, staging, recurrence, progression. There is a significant correlation among RAS and lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal invasion and pathological subtypes in PTC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there is a significant correlation among BRAFV600E mutation and extrathyroidal invasion, pathological subtypes in PTC. There is a significant correlation among RAS and lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal invasion and pathological subtypes in PTC.ConclusionThe mutation rate of BRAFV600E was significantly higher than that of RAS in PTC. Mutations in BRAFV600E and RAS can be used as predictors of prognosis in PTC.

BRAF^(V600E) vs. TIRADS in predicting papillary thyroid cancers in Bethesda system Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ nodules

Objective: Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(BSRTC) categories Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴaccount for a significant proportion of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) diagnoses. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of BRAF^(V600E) mutation and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System(TIRADS) classification in differentiating papillary thyroid cancers(PTCs) from benign lesions among BSRTC I, III, and V nodules.Methods: A total of 472 patients with 479 nodules were enrolled in this prospective study. Ultrasound, BRAF^(V600E) mutation testing, and FNAC were performed in each nodule, followed by surgery or regular ultrasound examination.Results: In the BSRTC I category, BRAF^(V600E) showed similar sensitivity, higher specificity, and lower accuracy when compared with TIRADS. In the BSRTC III/V category, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of BRAF^(V600E) were similar to those of TIRADS. In comparison to BRAF^(V600E) alone, the combination of the two methods significantly improved sensitivity(BSRTC Ⅰ:93.6% vs. 67.7%, P < 0.01; BSRTC Ⅲ: 93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01; BSRTC V: 96.0% vs. 85.3%, P < 0.001). When compared with TIRADS alone, the combination improved sensitivity in BSRTC Ⅰ nodules(93.6% vs. 74.2%, P < 0.05), increased sensitivity and decreased accuracy in BSRTC III nodules(93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01, 91.0% vs. 93.6%, P < 0.01), and improved both sensitivity and accuracy in BSRTC V nodules(96.0% vs. 82.0%, P < 0.001; 94.2% vs. 81.3%, P < 0.001).Conclusions: BRAF^(V600E) exhibited higher specificity and lower accuracy compared with TIRADS in BSRTC Ⅰ nodules, while the two methods showed similar diagnostic value in BSRTC Ⅲ/Ⅴ nodules. The combination of the two methods distinctly improved sensitivity in the diagnosis of PTCs in BSRTC Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ nodules.

Electronic Synoptic Reporting of Thyroid Nodules: Potential for Reduction in Number of Patients Undergoing Thyroid Nodule Biopsies

Purpose: The objective of the study was to design and implement an electronic synoptic report for thyroid sonography that incorporates the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and assess potential for reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules. Methods: The electronic synoptic report was developed using a relational database based on elements from TIRADS and a multidisciplinary consensus statement for thyroid reporting. A retrospective analysis of 138 patients with previously reported thyroid sonographic exams was evaluated for the presence of these elements. The electronic synoptic report calculates the TIRADS score and generates a formal report. Using the TIRADS score the potential decrease in unnecessary FNAB was estimated. Results: Key TIRADS elements were variously reported ranging from 43% for the thyroid nodule’s architecture as solid or cystic. Thyroid nodule echogenicity and calcification was commented in 27% and 23%, respectively. Other features of the TIRADS score were commented in 0% to 8% of the official reports. Estimated reduction for potentially reduced need for FNAB was 34.5%. Conclusions: This study is the first implementation of synoptic reporting using a relational database for sonography of thyroid nodules. Implementation of an electronic standardized synoptic reporting system may facilitate more accurate, and more comprehensive reporting for thyroid ultrasound scanning of thyroid nodules. The use of TIRADS was estimated to be able to potentially reduce the need for FNAB which was significant.

The Role of a Pre-Fine Needle Aspiration Clinic in Improving the Quality of Thyroid Nodule Investigation in Saskatchewan

Background: The Canadian province of Saskatchewan introduced a pre-fine needle aspiration (FNA) clinic to review adherence of referrals for thyroid biopsy based on the guidelines of the American College of Radiology’s (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) scoring system. The intention is to minimize low-yield biopsy rates by improving the quality of thyroid nodule investigation in Saskatchewan through this clinic. TI-RADS is a malignancy risk scoring system for thyroid nodules based on five sonographic characteristics: composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and echogenic foci (calcium). Recommendations for intervention or clinical follow-up are further determined by the size of the nodule. Methods: Through a retrospective chart review of all thyroid biopsy referrals to the Royal University Hospital (RUH) in Saskatchewan between 22 March 2016 and 17 May 2018, the impact of the multidisciplinary pre-FNA clinic on appropriate thyroid biopsies in Saskatchewan was evaluated. Results: This study evaluated 252 referrals, 203 of which underwent FNA and 23 which received surgical biopsy. TI-RADS scores appended to thyroid biopsy referrals increased upon pre-FNA clinic initiation, yet score quality did not improve. Rates of malignant biopsies were lower than ACR-reporting suggesting inappropriate biopsy of low risk nodules perhaps by overcalling the TI-RADS score. The majority of FNA cytology matched final surgical pathology, with 78% of indeterminate FNAs being malignant, and all non-diagnostic FNAs being benign. Conclusions: The implementation of the pre-FNA clinic reduced the number of thyroid biopsies in Saskatchewan by 11% overall.

Analysis of drug use rules of Chinese medicine master Liu Shangyi to treat thyroid cancer

Objective:To explore the clinical drug use of Professor Liu Shangyi,a master of Chinese medicine,in the treatment of thyroid cancer based on the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform v1.5.7 software.Methods:From January 01,2018 to April 01,2019,the information input system of Professor Liu Shangyi,traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guizhou Province,was screened.The data mining and analysis module was used to explore the clinical drug use of Professor Liu Shangyi in the treatment of thyroid cancer.Results:A total of 207 medical cases were recorded in this study,with 207 prescriptions,involving 129 kinds of herbs.The five most frequently used herbs are Ezhu(Curcumae Rhizoma),Biejia(Trionycis Carapax),Maozhuacao(Ranunculi Ternati Radix),Donglingcao(Rabdosia rubescens)and Chaojiezi(Sinapis Semen).Most of the drugs are warm and cold;most of the five flavors are sweet and bitter;most of the Meridian tropism are lung and liver;and the main efficacy are clearing away heat and toxic materials,eliminating phlegm and resolving hard mass.The most frequent correlation analysis of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)are Bie Jia(Trionycis Carapax)-Ezhu(Curcumae Rhizoma),Donglingcao(Rabdosia rubescens)-Ezhu(Curcumae Rhizoma).Conclusion:Professor Liu Shangyi often use clearing away heat and toxic materials,resolving phlegm and disperse knot combined with tonifying liver and kidney in order to help fostering vital Qi and dispeling evil in clinical treatment of thyroid cancer.

COVID-19 and thyroid disease: An infodemiological pilot study

BACKGROUND Google Trends searches for symptoms and/or diseases may reflect actual disease epidemiology.Recently,Google Trends searches for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-associated terms have been linked to the epidemiology of COVID-19.Some studies have linked COVID-19 with thyroid disease.AIM To assess COVID-19 cases per se vs COVID-19-associated Google Trends searches and thyroid-associated Google Trends searches.METHODS We collected data on worldwide weekly Google Trends searches regarding“COVID-19”,“severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)”,“coronavirus”,“smell”,“taste”,“cough”,“thyroid”,“thyroiditis”,and“subacute thyroiditis”for 92 wk and worldwide weekly COVID-19 cases'statistics in the same time period.The study period was split in half(approximately corresponding to the preponderance of different SARS-COV-2 virus variants)and in each time period we performed cross-correlation analysis and mediation analysis.RESULTS Significant positive cross-correlation function values were noted in both time periods.More in detail,COVID-19 cases per se were found to be associated with no lag with Google Trends searches for COVID-19 symptoms in the first time period and in the second time period to lead searches for symptoms,COVID-19 terms,and thyroid terms.COVID-19 cases per se were associated with thyroidrelated searches in both time periods.In the second time period,the effect of“COVID-19”searches on“thyroid”searches was significantly mediated by COVID-19 cases(P=0.048).CONCLUSION Searches for a non-specific symptom or COVID-19 search terms mostly lead Google Trends thyroid-related searches,in the second time period.This time frame/sequence particularly in the second time period(noted by the preponderance of the SARSCOV-2 delta variant)lends some credence to associations of COVID-19 cases per se with(apparent)thyroid disease(via searches for them).

Intra-set correlation analysis of medical records of thyroid cancer treated by traditional Chinese medicine Master ZHOU Zhongying

Objective Based on intra-set correlation analysis, this paper deconstructs the clinical medical records of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Master ZHOU Zhongying in treating thyroid cancer, and analyzes the experience in “mechanism-syndrome-medicine-prescription” for thyroid cancer.Methods Through Medcase data processing platform, based on Frequent Pattern(FP)-Growth enhanced correlation analysis algorithm, the medical records of Professor ZHOU Zhongying for the treatment of thyroid cancer from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2015 were analyzed within the set.Results This study involved 43 medical records, 43 patients, and 167 visits. After processing intra-set correlations, 28 groups of highly correlated symptoms, 21 groups of highly correlated tongue images, 10 groups of highly correlated pulse conditions, 28 groups of highly correlated pathogenesis, 34 groups of highly correlated herbs, and 26 groups of highly correlated western medicine diagnosis were selected. Professor ZHOU Zhongying treats thyroid cancer according to syndrome differentiation. Symptoms with more association rules included neck swelling, neck pain, cough, and dry mouth;tongue images with more association rules included dark purple tongue, dark red tongue, and fissured tongue;pulse conditions with more association rules were wiry pulse, thready pulse, small pulse, and slippery pulse;the pathogenesis with more association rules was phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation,and impairment of both Qi and Yin;herbs with more association rules were Chaihu(Bupleuri Radix), Zeqi(Sun Euphoribiae Herb), and Tiandong(Asparagi Radix);western medicine diagnosis with more association rules included thyroid cancer, insomnia, and chronic gastritis.Conclusion Thyroid cancer mostly presents as deficiency in origin and excess in manifestations. The basic pathogenesis is phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation, and impairment of both Qi and Yin, which are closely related to liver, kidney, and spleen. Professor ZHOU Zhongying adopts both attack and supplement approaches as the general treatment principle, with a strong emphasis on regulating Qi and relieving depression, eliminating phlegm and resolving stagnation, eliminating dampness and turbidity, clearing fire and destroying poison, moistening dryness and softening hard mass, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, and paying attention to nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating spleen and stomach,while protecting the heart and lungs.

超声C-TIRADS联合血清miR-107检测对甲状腺结节性质的诊断价值

目的探讨超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)联合血清微小RNA-107(miR-107)检测对甲状腺结节性质的诊断价值。方法选取2022年4月至2024年1月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院患甲状腺结节的患者98例(共113个结节)作为研究对象,均进行C-TIRADS分类,并检测血清miR-107水平。根据手术病理是否出现恶性结节分恶性组、良性组。分析超声C-TIRADS分类、血清miR-107水平与甲状腺结节良恶性的关系及其对甲状腺结节的诊断价值,并进行校准曲线分析。结果98例甲状腺结节患者(113个结节)中有83个良性结节,包括结节性甲状腺肿49个、甲状腺腺瘤24个、桥本甲状腺炎10个,其余30个恶性结节均为甲状腺乳头状癌。恶性结节均位于包膜下,结节内部钙化,C-TIRADS分类为4b或4c。恶性组患者血清miR-107水平高于良性组(P<0.05)。行Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示结节位置位于包膜下、结节内部钙化、C-TIRADS分类为4b或4c、miR-107是恶性甲状腺结节的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。超声C-TIRADS联合血清miR-107水平诊断甲状腺结节性质的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.907,大于二者单独诊断甲状腺结节性质的AUC值(0.702和0.835)(Z=3.300,P=0.001;Z=2.410,P=0.016)。超声C-TIRADS联合血清miR-107水平诊断甲状腺结节性质的预测值与真实值一致性较好,Brier得分为0.114,校准斜率为0.809,校准度良好。结论超声C-TIRADS联合血清miR-107水平在诊断甲状腺结节性质方面具有较高临床应用价值。

2 cm以上的C-TI-RADS 3类甲状腺结节的临床特点分析

目的统计2 cm以上的中国版甲状腺影像报告及数据系统(C-TI-RADS)3类甲状腺结节的临床特点,并探究其与性别、结节成分、对侧是否有癌、是否弥漫性回声改变、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAB)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-thyroglobulin antibodies,TGAB)等的相关性。方法回顾性分析2022年9月-2023年3月我科收治的甲状腺超声C-TI-RADS 3类且最大直径≥2 cm的94例甲状腺结节患者(均接受细胞病理和/或组织病理检查)的临床病理学信息。统计TBSⅠ类、良性、低风险肿瘤、恶性的比例,并比较性别、结节成分、对侧是否有癌、是否弥漫性回声改变、TPOAB、TGAB等临床特点在良性、低风险肿瘤、恶性三组中的比例有无统计学差异。结果排除7例TBSⅠ类患者,87例结节病理明确患者中,良性72例(细胞学38例、组织学34例)、低风险肿瘤5例(细胞学2例、组织学3例)、恶性10例(PTC 8例、FTC 1例、MTC 1例)。不同病理类型之间,结节成分(囊实性/实性)组间差异具有显著性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.369,P=0.006);性别、是否弥漫性回声改变、对侧是否有癌、TPOAB、TGAB组间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。进一步分析结节成分与病理类型的关系,结果表明,低风险肿瘤相对于良性结节实性比例更高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.571,P=0.002);而恶性结节相对于低风险肿瘤(χ^(2)=2.143,P=0.143),恶性结节相对于良性结节(χ^(2)=2.165,P=0.141)囊实性比例差异均无统计学意义。结论虽然各种版本的甲状腺影像报告与数据系统均将TI-RADS 3级结节认定为良性可能,但恶性结节在C-TI-RADS 3类甲状腺结节中仍占一定比例,需要重视诸如囊实性结节、甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤、甲状腺髓样癌等超声征象不典型的甲状腺结节。在评估结节良恶性时,超声引导下细针穿刺细胞病理学检查是必要的,需要重视标本不满意或无法诊断的情况,提高诊断的准确性。

甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发预测模型的构建与应用

目的探讨甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发的影响因素,构建列线图预测模型,以期指导临床诊治。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月郑州大学第二附属医院收治的398例甲状腺结节作为研究对象,其中16例于生化复发前接受内分泌治疗,12例无术后2年随访信息,均予以剔除,经筛选后259例纳入训练集用于建立模型,111例纳入验证集用于验证模型,采用COX比例风险回归方程确定甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发影响因素,采用R软件可视化处理获得列线图预测模型,行内外部验证。结果术后2年,甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发率为15.14%(56/370);COX比例风险回归方程显示,体质量指数(BMI)(OR:6.873)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)(OR:5.380)、弹性应变率比值(SR)(OR:3.872)、结节成分(OR:5.880)、结节内部血流(OR:6.944)、结节钙化(OR:3.764)是甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发影响因素(P<0.05);基于COX比例风险回归方程结果构建甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发列线图预测模型,该模型在训练集、验证集中曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.856、0.874,且其预测效能与实际吻合较理想。结论基于SR、BMI、HSP70、结节成分、结节内部血流、结节钙化构建列线图预测模型对甲状腺结节射频消融术后复发具有良好区分度、精准度,有助于实现个体化预测,帮助临床医师识别高风险人群,确定合理防治措施。

深度学习联合C-TIRADS在甲状腺4a类结节风险分层管理的应用

目的探讨深度学习联合中国超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)在甲状腺4a类结节风险分层管理的应用。方法纳入陕西省人民医院2018年12月~2022年10月收治的179例甲状腺结节患者,依据病理结果分为良性组(n=76)与恶性组(n=103),所有患者均予以超声检查,按照C-TIRADS指南标准、深度学习进行观察诊断。利用多因素Logistic回归分析获取独立预测指标;利用ROC曲线评估预测变量准确性。结果多因素Logistic分析显示,甲状腺结节图像特征的结构、方位、边缘、回声、局灶性强回声及年龄是独立预测甲状腺结节性质的指标(P<0.05)。以病理结果为金标准,深度学习联合C-TIRADS与病理结果完全符合率为96.65%,Kappa值为0.932,一致性好;联合诊断甲状腺4a类结节的符合率、特异度、阳性预测值显著高于深度学习、C-TIRADS(P<0.05)。联合诊断疾病的敏感度、阴性预测值高于深度学习(P<0.001),但与C-TIRADS的差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,C-TIRADS、深度学习及联合诊断的AUC分别为0.873、0.819、0.967;与Az=0.5相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论C-TIRADS在甲状腺4a类结节风险分层管理中敏感性较高,结合深度学习辅助诊断能够准确进行甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别,具备较高诊断效能。

基于临床与超声特征构建的列线图模型在超声医师修饰甲状腺中国(超声)甲状腺影像报告和数据系统分类结果中的应用价值

目的分析基于甲状腺临床与超声特征构建的列线图模型在超声医师修饰甲状腺中国(超声)甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TI-RADS)分类结果中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月四川省人民医院(训练集,n=841)以及四川绵阳四0四医院(外部验证集,n=295)外科手术切除的甲状腺结节患者的临床病理及超声资料,并利用术前甲状腺超声进行甲状腺结节C-TI-RADS分类。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析在训练集中筛选独立预测因子并构建列线图模型,通过Bootstrap重抽样进行内部验证;四川绵阳四0四医院超声医师根据构建的列线图模型进行外部验证。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及校准曲线,评估模型效能及在超声医师修饰C-TI-RADS分类结果中的临床价值。结果单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、结节最大径、结节数目、颈部淋巴结超声异常和C-TI-RADS分类是预测超声医师修饰C-TI-RADS分类结果的独立因素(P<0.05)。基于上述因素构建的列线图模型的一致性指数为0.842(95%CI:0.816~0.867),曲线下面积(AUC)为0.842,基于最佳截断值的敏感度为92.9%,特异度为63.7%,准确率为75.9%。在训练集和外部验证集中,构建的列线图模型的预测结果与实际情况均具有较好的一致性。结论基于甲状腺临床与超声特征构建的列线图模型在超声医师修饰C-TI-RADS分类结果中显示出良好的预测准确性,具有潜在的临床应用价值。

C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的对比分析

目的:对比分析中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)和韩国TIRADS(K-TIRADS)两种甲状腺影像报告与数据系统对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月—2023年3月在青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院经组织病理学证实的582个甲状腺结节的超声图像。分别按照C-TIRADS、K-TIRADS标准进行分类,以病理结果作为金标准,分析两种方法的诊断效能。结果:所得到的两种方法各分层的甲状腺结节的实际恶性率与指南所推荐的恶性率一致。C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS的AUC面积分别为0.899、0.897,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C-TIRADS最佳截断值为4B类,K-TIRADS最佳截断值为5类。两者的灵敏度、特异度分别为0.925、0.872;0.818、0.889。结论:C-TIRADS与K-TIRADS对甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断均具有较高的价值,诊断效能相当,C-TIRADS更适合中国国情。

以7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统鉴别桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节

目的比较7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)用于鉴别桥本甲状腺炎(HT)背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。方法纳入200例HT患者共338个甲状腺结节,良性167个、恶性171个。分别采用Kwak-TIRADS、美国甲状腺学会(ATA)指南、美国临床内分泌医师协会(AACE)/美国内分泌协会(ACE)/意大利内分泌协会(AME)指南、韩国甲状腺放射学会K-TIRADS、欧洲甲状腺协会EU-TIRADS、美国放射协会(ACR)-TIRADS、中华医学会超声医学分会浅表器官和血管组《2020甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层的中国指南》(C-TIRADS)对甲状腺结节进行分类;以病理结果为金标准,评估各TI-RADS的诊断效能。结果Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS及C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度分别为97.08%、98.25%、99.42%、95.91%、99.42%、90.06%及99.42%,特异度依次为88.02%、83.23%、82.04%、88.02%、82.04%、86.83%及84.43%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.946、0.913、0.907、0.934、0.909、0.916及0.960。C-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南的敏感度均高于K-TIRADS和ACR-TIRADS(P均<0.05),Kawk-TIRADS和K-TIRADS的特异度均高于C-TIRADS、ATA指南、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南(P均<0.05),C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS的AUC均高于其他TI-RADS(P均<0.05)。以Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS、C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节,同一TI-RADS中各等级结节恶性率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且结节恶性率均随TI-RADS分类等级增高而上升。结论C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节具有较高价值;其中,C-TIRADS敏感度较高,Kawk-TIRADS特异度较高。

基于真实世界数据分析的中医药治疗甲状腺结节的用药规律研究

目的基于真实世界数据挖掘技术分析中医药治疗甲状腺结节的用药规律。方法收集2018年8月—2023年8月就诊于青岛市中医医院甲乳外科的临床第一诊断为甲状腺结节患者的中药处方,运用中医传承辅助平台(V3.0)分析其用药规律。结果共筛选出治疗甲状腺结节的中药处方1206首,涉及中药291味;用药频次居于前5位的是浙贝母、夏枯草、柴胡、茯苓、半夏;药物功能类别以清热、补虚、化痰、活血、理气类为主;药性以寒为主,药味以苦、甘、辛为主,归经以肺、肝、脾经为主;关联规则分析得到17个高频药物组合,浙贝母-夏枯草药对出现频率最高;16条关联规则中,玄参→浙贝母、香附→柴胡置信度最高;聚类分析发现6个核心药物组合。结论中医临床治疗甲状腺结节以化痰散结、行气活血、益气养血为主要思路;常用浙贝母-夏枯草药对清热化痰散结,并以消瘰丸为基础方化痰软坚散结。

C-TIRADS联合超声造影评估桥本甲状腺炎4类结节

目的 评估甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层中国指南(Chinese-thyroid imaging reporting and data system,C-TIRADS)联合超声造影(contrast-enhancedultrasound,CEUS)评估桥本甲状腺炎4类结节。方法 回顾性分析2022年6月至12月于益阳市中心医院就诊的79例桥本甲状腺炎患者的120个C-TIRADS4类甲状腺结节资料。CEUS检查时如结节表现可疑的1种或多种良/恶性特征,均采取降/升一级的处理,以最终手术病理结果为金标准。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线),比较诊断效能。结果 CEUS后再次分级的C-TIRADS诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感度、特异性和准确性分别为93.0%、87.8%和90.8%(P<0.05)。ROC曲线下面积分别为0.811和0.904(P<0.05)。结论 C-TIRADS联合CEUS评估桥本甲状腺炎4类结节具有更好的诊断效能。

超声造影联合中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统在甲状腺结节诊断和活检效能中的研究

目的探讨中国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)联合超声造影在诊断甲状腺结节的价值。方法选取2022年1月至6月在广西医科大学第一附属医院超声科接受超声检查的413例甲状腺结节患者(413个结节)作为研究对象,以病理学检查结果为“金标准”,所有患者均进行C-TIRADS分类及其联合超声造影检查。比较C-TIRADS分类、C-TIRADS分类联合超声造影检查的灵敏度、特异度及准确度;并分别根据C-TIRADS指南和C-TIRADS指南联合超声造影进行推荐甲状腺活检,分别计算并比较两种方法的恶性肿瘤的活检产量、恶性肿瘤的活检率以及不必要的活检率。结果C-TIRADS检查结果诊断良性结节363例,恶性结节50例;C-TIRADS联合超声造影检查结果诊断良性结节267例,恶性结节146例。C-TIRADS联合超声造影检查的诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于应用C-TIRADS检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有结节、1.0~1.5cm结节中,C-TIRADS联合超声造影的恶性肿瘤活检率低于C-TIRADS单独分类,>1.5cm结节中,C-TIRADS联合超声造影的恶性肿瘤活检率、不必要活检率均低于C-TIRADS单独分类,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论C-TIRADS与超声造影相联合可提高甲状腺结节的超声诊断效能,并且将超声造影联合C-TIRADS去推荐甲状腺活检也能提高推荐甲状腺结节活检的可靠性,在增加恶性结节的活检产率的同时还能减少甲状腺良性结节的不必要活检率。

基于简化的甲状腺影像报告和数据系统预测甲状腺癌被膜侵犯

目的通过简化甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)的赋值过程并提出新的分级系统,探讨简化的TI-RADS(sTIRADS)预测甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的可行性。资料与方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年1月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院749个甲状腺结节的超声声像图,根据病理结果分为良性组230个、恶性组519个。收集两组超声征象,并计算OR值(OR>1赋值1分,OR<1赋值0分),使用受试者工作特征曲线评价sTI-RADS鉴别良、恶性结节的效能;根据手术结果筛选出明确记录与被膜有关系的265例恶性结节并分为有被膜侵犯组67例和无被膜侵犯组198例,对两组患者超声及临床资料进行单因素及Logistic回归分析。结果749例甲状腺结节赋值为0、1、2、3、4、5分对应的恶性率分别为1.52%、7.69%、38.24%、76.00%、90.75%、93.75%;以≥3分作为诊断甲状腺恶性结节的临界值时,敏感度和特异度分别为94.03%和67.39%;sTI-RADS分级为:3级,0分,恶性率<2%;4a级,1分,恶性率2%~10%;4b级,2分,恶性率10%~50%;4c级,3分,恶性率50%~90%;5级,4分或5分,恶性率>90%。有被膜侵犯组和无被膜侵犯组常规超声见被膜受累与sTI-RADS分级差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)/t=12.88、-1.26,P≤0.2);常规超声见被膜受累是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素(P<0.01),sTI-RADS不是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素(P=0.80)。结论sTI-RADS在甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中具有较高效能,甲状腺癌被膜侵犯组中sTI-RADS分级更高,而常规超声见被膜受累是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素。