Frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells associated with disease activity in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

AIM： To investigate the association between IL-10-producing regulatory B（B10） cells and the clinical features of thyroid-associated orbitopathy（TAO）. METHODS： A total of 30 patients with TAO were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from May 2015 to December 2015. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） were separated from blood samples of 30 TAO patients and 16 healthy controls and stimulated with CD40 ligand and CpG for 48h. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells was examined by flow cytometry and the correlation between the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells and clinical features of TAO was analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS： The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells among CD19＋ B cells in TAO patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls（TAO： 4.66%±1.88% vs healthy control： 6.82%±2.40%, P〈0.01）. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells showed a positive correlation with disease activity of TAO measured by Clinical Activity Score（CAS）（r=0.50, P〈0.01）, and became higher in TAO patients with family history of Graves＇ disease（GD）（P=0.04）. CONCLUSION： The decrease of the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells in TAO patients indicates the deficiency of B10 cells in TAO, and the positive association with disease activity suggests its important role in TAO inflammation regulation.

The effect of orbital radiation therapy on thyroid-associated orbitopathy complicated with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy （TAO） is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The most serious complication of TAO is dysthyroid optic neuropathy （DON）, which can lead to permanent vision loss because of volume expansion in the orbital apex. Orbital radiation therapy （ORT） is an anti-inflammatory treatment used in the treatment of active TAO. Clinical studies support radiotherapy as having a modest effect on DON, and early radiotherapy may protect against disease progression to DON. Current studies suggest that radiotherapy is generally safe. However, risks still exist in some cases. The possible effects of radiotherapy on TAO, especially complicated with DON, are reviewed. The effects of radiotherapy on DON are not completely known, and evidence from standardized, prospective, and multicenter clinical trials is still lacking.

The role of cell mediated immunopathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Currently, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) lacks effective treatment due to our lack of clarity in its immunopathogenesis. Orbital fibroblasts play a key role in altering inflammation and immune response in TAO, and are considered as the key target and effector cells in its pathogenesis. The orbit infiltrating CD34+ fibrocytes add on to the process by expressing high levels of autoantigens and inflammatory cytokines, while also differentiating into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. This review focuses on the role of orbital fibroblasts and CD34+ fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO, highlighting the basis of emerging treatments.

The effect of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids and orbital decompression surgery on sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.

CT features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: A total of 605 eyes of 325 patients with exophthalmos due to TAO were classified as grade Ⅰ (mild exophthalmos) or Ⅱ (severe exophthalmos) based on orbital CT imaging. The increased orbital volume features, such as changes from extraocular muscles, orbital fat, or both, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 605 eyes were analyzed, among them 62.98% presented grade Ⅰ exophthalmos, while 36.02% showed grade Ⅱ exophthalmos. In grade Ⅰ, 56.69% showed orbital fat change, and in grade Ⅱ, 89.29% exhibited extraocular muscle enlargement. CONCLUSION: Orbital fat and extraocular muscle enlargement are likely to be observed on CTs of subjects with mild and severe exophthalmos, respectively. Our results suggest that CT findings may guide TAO clinical therapy recommendations and prognosis.

Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.

Presence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.

Epigenetics effect on pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disease.Recent studies have found the aberrant epigenetics in TAO,including DNA methylation,noncoding RNAs,and histone modification.Many genes have an aberrant level of methylation in TAO.For example,higher levels are found in CD14,MBP,ANGLE1,LYAR and lower levels in DRD4 and BOLL.Non-coding RNAs are involved in the immune response(miR-146a,miR-155,miR-96,miR-183),fibrosis regulation(miR-146a,miR-21,miR-29),adipogenesis(miR-27)and are thought to play roles in TAO.MicroRNA is also related to the clinical activity score(miR-Let7d-5p)and may be a predictor of glucocorticoid therapy(miR-224-5p).The quantities of H4 in TAO are increased compared with euthyroid control subjects,and the role of histone modifications in Graves*disease may lead to better understanding of its role in TAO.More studies are needed to explain the role of epigenetics in TAO and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

Reduced choroidal peripapillary capillaries in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with early stage of dysthyroid optic neuropathy

AIM: To investigate whether the subtle change of choroidal/retinal vessel densities and volumes in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy(TAO) could be an early sign to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and a total of 98 eyes from 50 subjects were enrolled under certain criteria. Thirty-four eyes of normal controls and 64 eyes of TAO, including 39 eyes of DON and 25 eyes of TAO without DON, underwent optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) scanning. All the tested parameters of OCTA scanning including choroid radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC), retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex(GCC) were compared among groups, and the correlation between OCTA parameters and visual function parameters was also investigated. RESULTS: Whole choroidal RPC was significantly reduced in DON(48.24%±0.4978%) compared to normal(50.33%±0.3173%) and TAO without DON(49.16%±0.5463%;P=0.0041). The reduction of whole choroidal RPC was also correlated with visual field(VF) defect in DON(r=0.5422, n=39). Although vision acuity and VF were improved in all the patients with DON after being treated with medical and surgical decompression, the reduction of RPC density were not reversed.CONCLUSION: There is a notable reduction in choroidal RPC in DON, which is correlated with VF defect. The reduction of RPC density could not be reversed immediately by medical and surgical decompression even when vision and VF were improved. These findings suggest that choroidal RPC could be a useful parameter to diagnose and monitor early stage of DON.

Hertel Exophthalmometry and Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Exophthalmos in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Objective: To compare the values of exophthalmos measured by computed tomography (CT) and Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy eyes were examined in 85 patients with TAO. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, Hertel exophthalmometry, and CT of the orbits through a 16-slice CT scanner (Bright Speed, General Electric), measuring the extraocular muscles, the total muscle thickness sum (MTS), and proptosis. The patients were divided into two groups-with activity and without TAO activity, the activity being assessed by means of the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and the severity-according to the EUGOGO classification. Results: TAO activity was detected in 45 patients (90 eyes, 53%) with MTS of 23.54 ± 5.73 mm, IOP of 19.78 ± 4.49 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 23.08 ± 4.19 mm and measured by CT-23.32 ± 4.33 mm. Forty patients (80 eyes, 47%) were without TAO activity, with MTS of 19.28 ± 4.03, IOP of 16.6 ± 4.51 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 20.03 ± 3.84 mm and measured by CT-19.84 ± 4.47 mm. A correlation was detected between exophthalmos and: MTS, IOP, the activity and severity of TАО. High congruence was established between the two methods of measuring exophthalmos-CT and HE (Pearson correlation, r = 0.690, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our results showed a high degree of consistency between Hertel exophthalmometry and multidetector CT for the evaluation of exophthalmos in patients with TAO. Exophthalmos is an important clinical feature and its measurement and monitoring over time assess the clinical course and outcome of treatment.

Basedowian Orbitopathy Without Thyreotoxicosis : A Case Report from Sikasso Hospital

Basedowian orbitopathy is an autoimmune disease representing the most frequent extra-thyroidal manifestation. Its pathophysiology is imperfectly elucidated and is the result of cross-reactivity between thyroid antigens and orbital tissue. It is most frequently seen in the context of hyperthyroidism (basedow’s disease or Graves’ disease), sometimes hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), or euthyroidism. Diagnosis is often straightforward, but management remains difficult. The introduction of simple medical treatment exposes the patient to the risk of recurrence. In Sikasso, there have been few studies of Graves’ disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of Graves’ disease in Sikasso Hospital. The patient was a 35-year-old woman with no previous history of Graves’ disease and no history of alcohol or tobacco intoxication, consulting for bilateral exophthalmos with moderate pain for 1 year. Endocrine tests were normal (euthyroidism), as was orbital-cerebral MRI, which revealed stage II exophthalmos with no sellar or supra-saltar abnormalities. The main complication was exposure to keratitis. Our patient was treated with corticosteroids. The evolution was favorable under treatment, with no recurrence after one year’s follow-up. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, but this should not obscure the diagnosis of euthyroidism, as demonstrated in this case report. Exophthalmos remains the main ophthalmological clinical manifestation.

Basedowian Orbitopathy Without Thyreotoxicosis : A Case Report from Sikasso Hospital

Basedowian orbitopathy is an autoimmune disease representing the most frequent extra-thyroidal manifestation. Its pathophysiology is imperfectly elucidated and is the result of cross-reactivity between thyroid antigens and orbital tissue. It is most frequently seen in the context of hyperthyroidism (basedow’s disease or Graves’ disease), sometimes hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), or euthyroidism. Diagnosis is often straightforward, but management remains difficult. The introduction of simple medical treatment exposes the patient to the risk of recurrence. In Sikasso, there have been few studies of Graves’ disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of Graves’ disease in Sikasso Hospital. The patient was a 35-year-old woman with no previous history of Graves’ disease and no history of alcohol or tobacco intoxication, consulting for bilateral exophthalmos with moderate pain for 1 year. Endocrine tests were normal (euthyroidism), as was orbital-cerebral MRI, which revealed stage II exophthalmos with no sellar or supra-saltar abnormalities. The main complication was exposure to keratitis. Our patient was treated with corticosteroids. The evolution was favorable under treatment, with no recurrence after one year’s follow-up. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, but this should not obscure the diagnosis of euthyroidism, as demonstrated in this case report. Exophthalmos remains the main ophthalmological clinical manifestation.

Global research on artificial intelligence in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy:A bibliometric analysis

Purpose:To provide an overview of global publications on artificial intelligence(AI)in thyroid-associated oph-thalmopathy(TAO)through bibliometric analysis.Methods:Publications related to AI in TAO from inception until April 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science database.The trends of publications and citations,publishing performance,collaboration among countries and institutions,and the funding agencies,relevant research domains,leading journals,hotspots and their evolution were identified.Results:A total of 55 publications were included for analysis.The number of publications and citations continued to grow since 1998,with a significant acceleration of growth after 2020.China is the most productive country with the highest number of productive institutions,followed by the United States.European countries have the most extensive collaboration.The most relevant research domain was radiology,nuclear medicine&medical imaging.The European Journal of Radiology was one of the most productive journals,with the most influential articles published."Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy"and"neural network"maintain hotspots during the entire period.Studies were more focused on clinical features during 1998 and 2016,clinical features and medical data during 2017 and 2020,and medical data and AI techniques during 2021 and 2023.Conclusions:This study summarized the global research status regarding AI in TAO in terms of trends,countries,institutions,research domains,journals,and key topics.AI has shown great potential in TAO.Sponsored by funding agencies such as NSFC,China has become the most productive country in the field of AI in TAO.Our findings help researchers better understand the development of this field and provide valuable clues for future research directions.

Acute Orbitopathy Manifesting as Periorbital Cellulitis in Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is a hemoglobinopathy that results in paroxysmal vascular occlusion and tissue infarction that can manifest in a plurality of tissues. Vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell disease commonly involve bone marrow of the long bones and vertebrae. Involvement of bones with less marrow space, including the bones of the orbit, is reported rarely in the literature and can closely mimic orbital cellulitis, both clinically and radiologically. The present case is a 3 years old boy, a known case of sickle cell disease, who presented with what was thought to be orbital cellulitis and was treated accordingly. Subtle radiologic features of sickle cell orbitopathy were initially overlooked, resulting in an incorrect diagnosis and a treatment delay for the patient. Correctly treated most cases resolve with no adverse effects. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients with known sickle cell disease, even when the presentation is not classic.

Role of Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy During Systemic Glucocorticoid Treatment:A Prospective Observational Study

Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disorder involving the orbital tissue.This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in TAO during 12-week systemic glucocorticoid(GC)treatment.Methods Thirty-two moderate-severe TAO patients with a clinical activity score(CAS)≥3/7 or with prolonged T2 relaxation time(T2RT)on at least one side of extraocular muscle(EOM)were enrolled.The percentage of the peripheral CD4+CD25(high)CD127(−/low)Tregs was analyzed using flow cytometry before and after the GC treatment.The activity and severity of TAO,T2RT,and the clinical outcomes after the GC treatment were assessed.Their correlation with the peripheral Tregs was investigated.Results There was no significant association between the baseline Treg fraction and the activity and severity of TAO or the treatment response.A significant reduction of Tregs was observed after the GC therapy merely in patients without any clinical improvement.Conclusion Treg reduction after systemic GC therapy is indicative of a poor therapeutic response.Accordingly,dynamic alterations of Tregs could help to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC treatment.

根皮素对白细胞介素-1β诱导Graves眼病眼眶成纤维细胞中炎症反应和氧化应激的抑制作用及其机制

目的观察根皮素对白细胞介素(IL)-1β诱导的Graves眼病(GO)患者眼眶成纤维细胞(OFs)中炎症反应和氧化应激的抑制作用及其机制。方法收集2019年1月至2020年12月于河南省立眼科医院确诊为非活动期GO并行眼眶减压术的患者6例6眼的眼眶脂肪及结缔组织。采用组织块培养法分离原代OFs并传代,细胞免疫荧光法鉴定OFs。将细胞分为对照组、IL-1β诱导组以及不同浓度根皮素处理组。采用细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)法检测25、50、75、100和200μmol/L根皮素处理24和48 h后OFs的活性。采用IL-1β诱导OFs模拟GO体外炎症环境。采用荧光探针H2DCF-DA法检测正常对照组、IL-1β诱导组、50μmol/L根皮素组和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)水平。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测正常对照组、IL-1β诱导组以及25、50、75、100μmol/L根皮素组细胞培养上清液中促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1质量浓度。采用Western blot法检测正常对照组、IL-1β诱导组及100μmol/L根皮素组细胞内血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)、核因子NF-E2相关因子Nrf2和MAPK信号通路蛋白P38、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)及其磷酸化蛋白表达。结果原代分离培养的OFs表达vimentin,证明为间充质来源,desimin、S-100、cytokeratin-18表达阴性,鉴定为成纤维细胞。CCK-8结果显示,25、50、75和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞处理后24和48 h吸光度(A)值与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。50μmol/L根皮素组和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞内ROS水平分别为21.95±1.71和10.01±1.03,明显低于IL-1β诱导组的39.27±4.01,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。ELISA结果显示,25μmol/L、50μmol/L、75μmol/L和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞培养上清液中IL-6质量浓度分别为(4544.25±572.98)、(1000.25±133.96)、(724.25±98.63)和(519.50±118.02)pg/ml,均显著低于IL-1β诱导组的(7581.75±565.93)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);50μmol/L、75μmol/L和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞培养上清液中IL-8质量浓度分别为(3679.50±676.76)、(2143.75±616.20)和(1174.75±284.18)pg/ml,显著低于IL-1β诱导组的(8411.00±939.67)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);50μmol/L、75μmol/L和100μmol/L根皮素组细胞培养上清液中MCP-1质量浓度分别为(3783.25±610.24)、(1565.75±457.89)和(745.75±227.01)pg/ml,显著低于IL-1β诱导组的(5533.00±602.87)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。100μmol/L根皮素组HO-1、Nrf2蛋白相对表达量明显高于IL-1β诱导组,p-P38、p-ERK、p-JNK蛋白相对表达量明显低于IL-1β诱导组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论根皮素可降低IL-1β诱导的GO患者OFs细胞内氧化应激水平,抑制促炎细胞因子产生,其作用机制与Nrf2/HO-1的激活及MAPK信号通路的抑制相关。

球后脂肪体积测定对甲状腺相关性眼病治疗时机的判定价值

目的探讨商业化软件计算球后脂肪体积,分析其与甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)进展及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月~2016年12月在我院内分泌科确诊的35例(70个眼眶)TAO患者的临床资料。测量1.5T眼眶MRI球后脂肪体积及眼外肌信号强度比值(SIR)分析其与临床各项指标的相关性,并收集12例(24个眼眶)健康人测量球后脂肪体积,初步比较TAO组及健康组体积的差异。结果脂肪体积与病程成正相关(r=0.480,P<0.01),病程6个月以内组与6~12个月组相比,脂肪体积差异不显著(P=0.084)。病程6个月以内组及病程6~12个月组球后脂肪体积均显著低于病程大于12个月组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。脂肪体积与突眼度存在相关性(r=0.622,P<0.01),突眼度每增加1 mm,球后脂肪体积将增加0.88 m L。临床活动性评分(CAS)与SIR值及促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)存在相关性(r=0.536,r=0.416,P<0.01)。TAO组球后脂肪体积显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。结论 TAO病程1年以上可能是球后脂肪组织增多的高峰阶段,球后脂肪体积结合SIR值的测量有助于最佳激素治疗时机的探索及预后分析。

甲状腺相关眼病的EUGOGO临床分级特征

【目的】分析甲状腺相关眼病(GO)以欧洲甲状腺相关眼眶病专家组(EUGOGO)标准分级的临床特征。【方法】回顾性收集2010年1月-2016年12月于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院内分泌与眼科明确诊断为GO的110例病例,记录其病史、眼部检查,分别按照EUGOGO标准、NOSPECS标准进行GO严重程度的分级,按照临床活动度评分(CAS)进行GO炎症活动度的分级,并对这些指标进行综合性分析。【结果】本研究共收集110例患者211眼。患者年龄平均47.4(S=12.8)岁,其中具有吸烟史27例。甲状腺疾病病史平均24.7(S=42.5)月。GO病史平均10.4(S=23.1)月。眼球突出度平均19.1(S=3.1)mm。按照EUGOGO标准:轻度25例(22.7%),中-重度56例(50.9%),威胁视力病例包括压迫性视神经病变(DON)或角膜破坏29例(26.4%)。临床活动度CAS评分≥3分者(活动)47例(42.7%),CAS评分<3分者(不活动)63例(57.3%)。而按照NOSPECS分级系统评估,2级2例(1.8%),3级9例(8.2%),4级69例(62.7%),5级6例(5.5%),6级24例(21.8%)。所有病例中,74例(67.3%)接受全身激素治疗;15例(13.6%)接受眼眶放射治疗;4例(3.6%)接受手术治疗(眼眶减压术,3例;斜视手术,1例)。【结论】GO患者非活动性病例略多于活动性病例,中-重度病例与威胁视力的病例占多数。目前国内按照EU-GOGO推荐的治疗方法进行治疗的病例较少,对GO临床治疗方案尚不统一,因而需要进一步探索适合我国国情治疗GO的研究。

静止期轻度和中重度甲状腺相关眼病的眼表损害特征

【目的】分析静止期轻度和中重度甲状腺相关眼病(GO)患者眼表损害的临床特征。【方法】回顾性收集2017年4月至2019年4月于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院内分泌与眼科诊断为静止期轻度及中重度GO的初诊患者资料,共192例192眼。其中,轻度患者121例121眼;中重度患者71例71眼。将患者分为角膜损害组和无角膜损害组,对眼表刺激征和泪膜破裂时间(TFBUT)、上睑缘瞳孔反射距离1(MRD1)、下睑缘瞳孔反射距离2(MRD2)、基础泪液分泌实验(Schirmer′s test II)、眼球突出度等指标在两组之间的差异进行分析。【结果】本研究静止期轻度GO患者中角膜损害组表现异物感(21例,52.5%)和畏光(23例,57.5%)较无角膜损害组更常见(23例,28.4%;29例,35.8%)(P≤0.05);而静止期中重度GO两组之间没有差异。静止期轻度GO角膜损害组MRD15.1(S=1.9)mm,宽于无角膜损害组4.4(S=1.5)mm,(P≤0.05);静止期中重度GO角膜损害组TFBUT3.2(S=2.3)s,较无角膜损害组明显缩短6.2(S=3.2)s,(P≤0.05);同为角膜损害,轻度与中重度GO之间的症状和体征无明显差别。【结论】静止期轻度GO眼表损害患者更易出现异物感和畏光症状,眼表损害与MRD1增加相关;而中重度GO角膜损害患者症状与无角膜损害患者无差别,眼表损害与TFBUT缩短相关。

2016年欧洲甲状腺协会/欧洲格雷夫斯眼病专家组格雷夫斯眼病指南解读

时隔8年,欧洲甲状腺协会/欧洲格雷夫斯眼病专家组依据最新循证医学证据,更新了格雷夫斯眼病(Graves orbitopathy,GO)治疗指南。新指南针对GO的评估、治疗进行了全面讨论,仍然强调依据GO严重程度和活动度,以及生活质量(quality of life,Qo L)评分选择治疗方案。新指南有两大新亮点:1对轻度GO患者,推荐6个月的硒补充治疗;2对中重度活动性GO患者,指南明确提出一线、二线治疗方案,强调大剂量糖皮质激素静脉冲击治疗是一线治疗方案。