Level study on fractal characteristics of tidal creeks and information of seashell habitats in the Gaizhou Beach based on high-resolution satellite images

The fractal characteristics of tidal creeks in the Gaizhou Beach are analyzed based on high-resolution images fusionof Landsat TM and ERS2, and then the graphic models and characteristics of converse information tree of tidalcreeks in the Gaizhou Beach are established. A calculation model is established based on the above results, and at thesame time, quantitative calculation of the evolution characteristics and the diversity between the northern and thesouthern parts of the Gaizhou Beach is carried out. By the supervised classification of these images, distribution andareas of high tidal flats, middle tidal flats and low tidal flats in the Gaizhou Beach are studied quantitatively, and imagecharactistics of seashell habitats in the Gaizhou Beach and the correlation between mudflat distribution and seashellhabitats are studied. At last, the engineering problems in the Gaizhou Beach are discussed.

A systematic review of morphological models of salt marshes

Salt marshes are among the most important coastal wetlands and provide critical ecological services,including climate regulation,biodiversity maintenance,and blue carbon sequestration.However,most salt marshes worldwide are shrinking,owing to the effects of natural and human factors,such as climate change and artificial reclamation.Therefore,it is essential to understand the decline in the morphological processes of salt marshes,and accordingly,the likely evolution of these marshes,in order to enable measures to be taken to mitigate this decline.To this end,this study presented an extensive systematic review of the current state of morphological models and their application to salt marshes.The emergence of process-based(PB)and data-driven(DD)models has contributed to the development of morphological models.In morphodynamic simulations in PB models,multiple physical and biological factors(e.g.,the hydrodynamics of water bodies,sediment erosion,sediment deposition,and vegetation type)have been considered.The systematic review revealed that PB models have been extended to a broader interdisciplinary field.Further,most DD models are based on remote sensing database for the prediction of morphological characteristics with latent uncertainty.Compared to DD models,PB models are more transparent but can be complex and require a lot of computational power.Therefore,to make up for the shortcomings of each model,future studies could couple PB with DD models that consider vegetation,microorganisms,and benthic animals together to simulate or predict the biogeomorphology of salt marsh systems.Nevertheless,this review found that there is a lack of unified metrics to evaluate model performance,so it is important to define clear objectives,use multiple metrics,compare multiple models,incorporate uncertainty,and involve experts in the field to provide guidance in the further study.

生物膜对潮滩动力地貌演变影响的数值模拟研究

河口海岸潮滩湿地是一个复杂的生态系统,其地貌的形成和演变是水动力、泥沙输移和生物过程等多种因子相互作用的结果,特别是,探究潮滩生物过程并阐明其生物-物理效应是当前海洋科学领域研究的热点和难点。本文聚焦微生物生物膜,构建了耦合生物膜与水动力、沉积物输移、地貌演变的二维生物动力地貌模型,探究了生物膜在潮滩泥沙输移和地貌演变中发挥的作用。利用文献数据验证生物动力地貌模型,模型结果与文献数据吻合较好,表明所构建的模型可以较好地模拟出生物膜的增长规律及年际变化情况。结果表明,当水动力较弱时,在有生物膜作用的潮滩上,潮沟向陆侧延伸更充分,呈现出树杈状分布,潮间带区域的潮沟两侧分布有生物膜。通过对潮沟形态进行定量分析,发现生物膜的存在促进了潮沟数量增加,并向纵深方向发展,同时限制了其宽度的增加。相较于没有生物膜影响的潮滩,潮沟的平均深度增加,总面积减小,总长度增加,平均宽度减小,总体积增加。研究结果有助于加深对生物膜在潮滩地貌塑造中的作用机制认识,为海岸带保护与生态修复工程提供科学依据。

Asian Horseshoe Crab Bycatch in Intertidal Zones of the Northern Beibu Gulf:Suggestions for Conservation Management

Bycatch poses a severe challenge to global fishery management.Although studies have focused on marine megafauna bycatch,research on relevant issues regarding invertebrates is limited,particularly for the threatened horseshoe crabs.In this study,the distribution of fishing gears and the bycatch intensity of Asian horseshoe crabs in the intertidal zones of the northern Beibu Gulf that harbors the most abundant juvenile Asian horseshoe crabs populations in China were evaluated.Seven intertidal nursery habitats for Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda were surveyed from May to July in 2021.A transect that crossed the tidal creeks and tidal flats between the high tide embankment/vegetation and low tide line of a given habitat was surveyed during the ebb tides.The type,number,and GPS of fishing gears were recorded when sighted,and the number and prosomal width of each horseshoe crab species were measured.Bycatch intensities differed among habitats,ranging from 0.3 to 18.4 and 1.2 to 22.7 individuals per kilometer of transect for T.tridentatus and C.rotundicauda,respectively.Among the three identified fishing gear types,ground cages and stick net sets caused a stronger bycatch pressure on these two species.Most T.tridentatus bycatch and C.rotundicauda bycatch were large individuals in late juvenile and adult stages.Therefore,the ground cages and stick net sets along/near the tidal creeks,mangrove fringe,and low tide line should be regulated and removed to ensure the functionality of the intertidal zone as the spawning corridor and nursery habitat of Asian horseshoe crabs.

黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统水文连通性对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响

潮沟系统水文连通是滨海湿地的关键生态过程,也是维护和修复滨海湿地的重要途径。了解水文连通性如何影响生物在生境之间的扩散潜力,对于恢复和维持区域和局地生物多样性至关重要。分别于2021年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)对黄河三角洲湿地三条水文连通梯度明显的潮沟进行野外调查和原位观测,探讨不同水文连通梯度下大型底栖动物群落的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:调查共采集大型底栖动物50种,隶属4门8纲39科45属,包括环节动物23种、软体动物18种、节肢动物5种和纽形动物1种;大型底栖动物群落密度、生物量和多样性指数春季高于秋季,春季以体型小、适应能力较强的软甲类、多毛类和双壳类为主,秋季以活动能力较强的甲壳类、腹足类为主;大型底栖动物群落物种数、密度及生物量和多样性随水文连通性的升高有升高趋势,最高值出现在中等水文连通区域。研究表明潮沟系统水文连通性对大型底栖动物的栖息生境和群落结构及多样性均具有明显的影响,但群落结构及多样性随水文连通梯度的变动规律在季节间存在差异。研究结果有助于进一步了解滨海湿地水文连通对生物群落的影响机制,并为湿地环境保护和修复提供一定科学依据。

互花米草入侵对盐城淤泥质潮滩湿地潮沟系统影响研究

潮沟既是滨海湿地特有的地貌因子,也是输送水分与盐分的重要通道,对植被的生长与空间分布有重要的影响。为探究互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地潮沟系统演变的影响,本文利用遥感与地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术,分析了1989年至2020年江苏盐城典型淤泥质潮滩湿地互花米草沼泽时空变化过程与潮沟系统演变特征。研究结果表明:①互花米草扩张经历了入侵初期的斑块阶段、中期连续带状分布阶段及现状阶段过程,入侵影响的景观类型也从光滩转变为碱蓬沼泽;②互花米草入侵过程对潮沟系统产生的影响主要表现为潮沟平均宽度与长度减小、互花米草内潮沟的数量与分支增多;③潮沟系统的变化与互花米草的平均面积、平均周长等存在较大的相关性,表明互花米草的入侵是潮沟系统变化的重要影响因素。

黄河三角洲海岸岸线和潮水沟体系发育及其分维研究──黄河三角洲潮滩海岸时空谱系研究Ⅲ

千年来,黄河三角洲地区尾闾入海河道在大口河～淄脉沟之间频繁摆动,各时期行水河口形成的河口滩均有宽大的潮间地带,但从地貌-沉积发生学上并不具备潮滩的性质;当行水河道摆走后,原河口滩摆脱了河口径流水沙的直接作用而被"废弃"?在海洋动力的作用下向潮成海滩的方向发育,"废弃"的时间越长,潮滩发育得越成熟?黄河三角洲洲边大多数海岸,属于处在不同发育阶段的潮滩型海岸;三角洲的东北角海岸地处区域 M2分潮无潮点附近,被"废弃"的河口滩逐渐被盛行强风浪作用剥平形成浪蚀型海滩?因此,黄河三角洲洲边并存三元谱系海滩,即河口滩?潮成海滩(潮滩)和浪蚀海滩,它们各具有自身的特点?本文将三角洲岸线和潮水沟体系分维 D 作为指标,对三角洲海岸发育时空谱系作进一步探讨?计算分析表明,区域内岸线分维与潮滩发育的时间成正相关,特大高潮岸线尤为明显,如古代黄河三角洲岸段岸线的分维值 D 为 1.1356～1.1625,而近代黄河三角洲平均变化在 1.091～1.118 范围内?平均高潮岸线分维值 D 也有相应的一定程度的变化;对三角洲洲边不同发育年代( 100～103 a )的 23 个潮水沟体系进行 m 级分辩率分维值 D 测计结果显示,在行水河口滩区岸和发育时间短?潮差小的区段( 如浪蚀海滩 )沟系( 含潮水沟和径流水道 )的分维值 D 较小,?

江苏盐城自然保护区核心区环境动态的遥感分析

根据江苏盐城自然保护区核心区两个时相陆地卫星影像资料的分析和对比,研究了10a内核心区的植被演替、人工开发及潮沟系统演化,探讨自然及人为因素对整个原生湿地生态系统的影响。分析结果表明,互花米草滩的面积10a间扩展了10倍以上,而作为珍禽的主要栖息地的盐蒿滩、草滩和芦苇滩的面积10a内均有所下降,其中草滩面积的下降尤为明显。10a间芦苇田和水禽湖这两种人工湿地的面积增长显著。潮沟系统呈减少和萎缩趋势,在一定程度上是海岸开发活动和互花米草盐沼扩展的结果。保护区核心区的原生生态系统已有退化迹象,珍禽的原生栖息地的面积有所下降,因此建议保护区将工作重点放在保护和重建原生湿地上。

苏北岸外条子泥沙洲潮沟系统的稳定性研究

以苏北岸外条子泥沙洲潮沟系统为例 ,分析该区域野外实地测量及历年卫片 ,分析主要潮沟系统近 2 0年来的动态变化。总结了潮沟系统发育演变的特点 ,主要表现为各个主干潮沟系统摆动幅度、速率均不相同 ,单独潮沟系统的各沟段亦有不同的摆动幅度、速率 ;位于沙洲中部西大港西侧近岸潮沟系统摆动具一定周期性 ,其东侧潮沟摆动较稳定 ;潮沟摆动有突变和渐变两种形式。沙洲潮沟系统在多因素的综合作用下具备自动调整作用 ,主要表现为单一潮沟具有平衡倾向性及沙洲潮沟系统整体的综合布局调整。

风暴作用下淤泥质潮滩-潮沟系统地貌演变研究进展

鉴于风暴作用对淤泥质潮滩-潮沟系统的地貌演变有重要的影响,对海岸工程的安全以及海岸带资源的开发与保护有重要的实用价值,从研究方法、演变特点和动力机制等方面回顾了风暴作用下淤泥质潮滩-潮沟系统地貌演变的研究进展。认为淤长型潮滩风暴剖面的形态特征一般呈“中间冲刷,两端淤积”,但其动力机制研究系统性还不够;盐沼可以较好地削弱风暴,起到固沙效果,但其侧向演变值得进一步关注;风暴作用下潮沟的活动性大大增强,其中潮沟摆动及其岸壁侵蚀机理是亟待解决的科学问题。指出未来应进一步加强现场资料的获取,并通过数值模拟、物理模型试验等手段,加强对风暴作用下潮滩-潮沟系统地貌演变机理的研究。

江苏省淤泥质海岸潮沟系统

江苏省淤泥质潮滩是最适于潮沟系统发育的潮滩之一。本文分析了影响潮沟系统发育的诸因素,进行了潮沟系统形态与潮差的相关分析,并把江苏的潮沟系统与沪、浙、闽等省市的潮沟系统进行了对比。主要结论如下:1.影响潮沟发育的主要因素是在落潮后期才存在的沟渠效应;2.潮沟和潮盆是潮滩上规模较大的韵律地形;3.粉沙级沉积物最宜于发育潮沟;4.潮沟的某些形态特征与潮差有非常好的线性相关;5.陆地迳流干扰了潮沟发育过程。

无人机技术在潮滩地貌演变研究中的应用

随着海平面上升和人类活动加剧,潮滩正面临着严重威胁,掌握其形态变化规律是研究潮滩系统对外在条件响应的直接手段。以江苏斗龙港潮滩为研究对象,利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术,结合运动恢复结构(Structure from Motion,SfM)算法,重建潮滩三维点云,生成数字高程模型和正射影像,分析潮滩滩面及潮沟系统年内变化规律。研究结果表明:潮滩高程测量精度优于9 cm,水平精度优于2 cm;高程年内变化较大,变幅高达±0.5 m;潮沟短历时变化剧烈,无明显季节性变化特征;潮沟发育过程中,宽深比范围为10~25。无人机技术不仅可以监测粉砂淤泥质潮滩滩面变化趋势,还可以观测到卫星难以捕获的中小型潮沟短历时发育过程,可为监测河口海岸短周期动力地貌过程提供有力的技术支持。

长江口滨海湿地植物群落潮沟水体有机碳动态及其影响因素

潮沟系统是滨海湿地与外界环境之间横向碳交换的重要通道.本研究以长江口滨海湿地典型植物群落(禾本科Poaceae和莎草科Cyperaceae)为研究对象,调查了不同潮汐(小潮期与大潮期)退潮过程中潮沟水体可溶性有机碳(DOC)和颗粒态有机碳(POC)的季节变化.结果表明,潮水向外输出的过程中,DOC和POC从高潮滩到口外浅水光滩均逐渐变化,大潮期时不同生境潮沟的有机碳丰度一般比小潮期高.在具有较高植物生物量和土壤有机碳储量的Poaceae群落中,各季节潮沟水体DOC含量均显著高于Cyperaceae生境潮沟;相反,各季节Cyperaceae群落潮沟POC含量则高于Poaceae群落潮沟.此外,Poaceae群落潮沟在各季节均表现为DOC净输出,而POC为净输入,各季节DOC和POC在Cyperaceae群落潮沟均呈现净输出趋势.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Asian Horseshoe Crab Eggs Are Highly Intermingled with Anthropogenic Structures in Northern Beibu Gulf,China

Identification,protection and restoration of spawning habitats are vital for protecting the depleted species.Asian horseshoe crabs are ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems.However,their spawning habitat studies were limited to several reports in tropical regions,possibly due to the lack of modified survey methods,particularly in habitats with a lower density of spawning adults,and/or intermingled with anthropogenic structures.In this study,the year-round egg distribution and spawning habitat baselines of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus tridentatus were determined in the northern Beibu Gulf,China.Our findings demonstrated that the peak spawning occurred in June–July and ceased in November–January when the average water temperature dropped below 20℃.Egg aggregations were found<10 cm beneath the sediment surface with regular tidal inundation,regardless of seasonal changes,in the vicinity of natural and artificial structures with elevated,mildly sloping substratum within the high tide zones.The nests were characterized by medium-sized sediment grains(0.5–0.9 mm),high temperatures(31–34℃),low water contents(0.8%–0.9%),and total organic carbon contents(0.5%–0.7%),which might maximize the hatching success.The identified nesting beaches were close to nursery habitats for juveniles,and tidal creeks were present as the possible corridor connecting these two important habitats through the dominant mangrove forests.The findings provide valuable insights in the scope of spawning behavior and nest-site selection of Asian horseshoe crabs under a mixture of natural and artificial structures,which could benefit future management efforts for the exploited spawning populations.

Equilibrium state of tidal mud flat, a case: coastal area of central Jiangsu, China

1 Equilibrium and inequilibrium of tidal mud flat The general dynamical state of tidal flat is usually measured by silting rate of mudflat surface in vertical direction and by prograding rate of outer edge of the tidal flat to-

基于环境DNA宏条形码技术研究黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统鱼类多样性及其对水文连通性的响应

水文连通对于维护滨海湿地生物多样性至关重要,鱼类多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,了解其对不同水文连通强度的响应具有重要意义。本研究基于环境DNA宏条形码技术(e DNA metabarcoding)检测黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统鱼类多样性,分析鱼类物种分布对不同水文连通强度潮沟生境差异的响应特征。利用12S r RNA经典鱼类引物对采集自三级潮沟系统的水样进行高通量测序,共检测出鱼类55种,其中本地鱼类27种、非本地鱼类28种,物种组成以鲈形目为主。各样点序列丰度均较高的鱼类有矛尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius hasta)、鮻(Planiliza haematocheilus)、长体刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius elongatus)等。鱼类多样性在不同水文连通性潮沟间差异明显,其中,二级潮沟群落多样性水平、丰富度指数、物种种类及各种鱼类类群中的个体均匀程度等都明显高于其他两级潮沟。RDA分析显示有6种环境因子与鱼类群落结构显著相关(P<0.05),分别为:硅酸盐(SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si)、硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、酸碱度(p H值)、盐度(SAL)、铵盐(NH_(4)^(+)–N)、溶解氧(DO)。其中,优势种矛尾刺虾虎鱼的序列丰度与硅酸盐呈正相关,鮻的序列丰度与盐度呈负相关。本研究通过与传统采样数据进行比较,证实了环境DNA宏条形码技术用于监测黄河口典型潮沟水体中鱼类多样性的可行性,表明潮沟系统水文连通性对鱼类群落结构及多样性均具有明显的影响,研究结果有助于进一步了解滨海湿地水文连通对生物群落的影响机制。

互花米草入侵对黄河口潮沟形态特征和植物群落分布的影响

互花米草大规模入侵滨海湿地,对潮沟形态特征和植物群落的演变产生重大影响。本研究基于2008—2020年遥感影像,利用3S技术,结合回归分析与统计分析法,分析黄河口湿地互花米草入侵的演变特征,探究其对潮沟形态特征和植物群落分布的影响。结果表明:2008年以来,黄河口互花米草面积增长迅速,增长速度为4.47 km^(2)·a^(-1);至2020年,互花米草分布面积占河口区的26%;随着互花米草的扩张,芦苇与盐地碱蓬分布面积均呈下降趋势,减少速度分别为0.72和0.39 km^(2)·a^(-1);在河口典型潮滩区域,潮沟长度和密度均呈下降趋势,分别减少了8.12 km和0.24 km·km^(-2);芦苇和盐地碱蓬群落分布面积、潮沟长度和密度与互花米草分布面积呈显著负相关。

黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程研究

Tidal creeks are the main channels of land-sea ecosystem interactions,and their high dynamics are an important factor affecting the hydrological connectivity of tidal flats.Taking the Yellow River Delta as the research area,we selected remote sensing images obtained during five periods from 1998 to 2018 as the data sources.Based on the spatial analysis function in GIS,the typical morphological characteristics of tidal creeks,such as the level,length,density,curvature,bifurcation ratio,and overmarsh path length(OPL),were extracted to characterize the degree of development of the tidal creeks in the Yellow River Delta wetlands.The spatio-temporal evolution of the tidal creeks was studied,and the development process and the characteristics of the tidal creeks during the different stages of development were investigated.The results revealed that(1)The number,density,and bifurcation ratio of tidal creeks exhibit an increasing trend,but the growth of the trend is slowing.The number of tidal creeks increased by 44.9%from the initial stage of the Yellow River diversion to the late stage of the wetland restoration,but it only increased by 26.2%from the late stage of the wetland restoration to the slow expansion of the Spartina alterniflora.(2)The curvature of the tidal creeks on the landward side is greater than that on the seaward side.(3)The development degree of tidal creek has spatial heterogenetiy,which is AreaⅢ>AreaⅡ>AreaⅠ.(4)The drainage efficiency is significantly correlated with the tidal creak density and bifurcation ratio.Based on the analysis of the various morphological parameters and the drainage efficiency,it was found that after the rapid change in the tidal creek system in the early stage,the tidal creeks entered a state of slow change,and the development state of the tidal creeks tends to be in dynamic balance.The results of this study are expected to provide scientific support for the sustainable development and utilization of coastal tidal flats.

基于无人机的潮汐水道三维地形重建技术

It is common to obtain the topography of tidal flats by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry,but this method is not applicable in tidal creeks.The residual water will lead to inaccurate depth inversion results,and the topography of tidal creeks mainly depends on manual survey.The present study took the tidal creek of Chuandong port in Jiangsu Province,China,as the research area and used UAV oblique photogrammetry to reconstruct the topography of the exposed part above the water after the ebb tide.It also proposed a Trend Prediction Fitting(TPF)method for the topography of the unexposed part below the water to obtain a complete 3D topography.The topography above the water measured by UAV has the vertical precision of 12 cm.When the TPF method is used,the cross-section should be perpendicular the central axis of the tidal creek.A polynomial function can be adapted to most shape of sections,while a Fourier function obtains better results in asymmetrical sections.Compared with the two-order function,the three-order function lends itself to more complex sections.Generally,the TPF method is more suitable for small,straight tidal creeks with clear texture and no vegetation cover.