A general spatial interpolation method for tidal properties has been developed by solving a partial differential equation with a combination of different orders of harmonic operators using a mixed finite element metho...A general spatial interpolation method for tidal properties has been developed by solving a partial differential equation with a combination of different orders of harmonic operators using a mixed finite element method. Numerically, the equation is solved implicitly without iteration on an unstructured triangular mesh grid. The paper demonstrates the performance of the method for tidal property fields with different characteristics, boundary complexity, number of input data points, and data point distribution. The method has been successfully applied under several different tidal environments, including an idealized distribution in a square basin, coamplitude and cophase lines in the Taylor semi-infiite rotating channel, and tide coamplitude and cophase lines in the Bohai Sea and Chesapeake Bay. Compared to Laplace’s equation that NOAA/NOS currently uses for interpolation in hydrographic and oceanographic applications, the multiple-order harmonic equation method eliminates the problem of singularities at data points, and produces interpolation results with better accuracy and precision.展开更多
Since 2008 a network of five sea-level monitoring stations was progressively installed in French Polynesia.The stations are autonomous and data,collected at a sampling rate of 1 or 2 min,are not only recorded locally,...Since 2008 a network of five sea-level monitoring stations was progressively installed in French Polynesia.The stations are autonomous and data,collected at a sampling rate of 1 or 2 min,are not only recorded locally,but also transferred in real time by a radio-link to the NOAA through the GOES satellite.The new ET34-ANA-V80 version of ETERNA,initially developed for Earth Tides analysis,is now able to analyze ocean tides records.Through a two-step validation scheme,we took advantage of the flexibility of this new version,operated in conjunction with the preprocessing facilities of the Tsoft software,to recover co rrected data series able to model sea-level variations after elimination of the ocean tides signal.We performed the tidal analysis of the tide gauge data with the highest possible selectivity(optimal wave grouping)and a maximum of additional terms(shallow water constituents).Our goal was to provide corrected data series and modelled ocean tides signal to compute tide-free sea-level variations as well as tidal prediction models with centimeter precision.We also present in this study the characteristics of the ocean tides in French Polynesia and preliminary results concerning the non-tidal variations of the sea level concerning the tide gauge setting.展开更多
Some important tidal features of 8 major tidal constituents ( M 2, S 2, K 1, O 1, P 1, Sa, N 2 and K 2 ) in the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas were obtained using six years’ TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. Th...Some important tidal features of 8 major tidal constituents ( M 2, S 2, K 1, O 1, P 1, Sa, N 2 and K 2 ) in the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas were obtained using six years’ TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. The results showed that the obtained co tidal and co range charts for these major tidal constituents agreed well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations and numerical models.展开更多
19-year tidal data of the 3 stations, Huludao, Qinhuangdao and Kanmen, have totally been analysed, and the amplitudes and phases of 472 tidal constituents have been calculated with a resolution of Δ≥ 0.002 2 /h. Bas...19-year tidal data of the 3 stations, Huludao, Qinhuangdao and Kanmen, have totally been analysed, and the amplitudes and phases of 472 tidal constituents have been calculated with a resolution of Δ≥ 0.002 2 /h. Based on the draconitic tide, the anomalistic tide and pole tide obtained, the ultra-long-period variations of the mean sea level have been predicted. The annual tidal analysis of 19-year data at the above-mentioned stations and at Tanggu, Longkou has been carried out. The stability of the annual tidal analysis has been investigated with regard to the astronomical factors, the nonlinear effects and the variations of sea-bottom topography.展开更多
The harmonic analysis method based on high and low water levels is discussed in this paper. In order to make full use of the information of high and low water observations (the time derivative of water level at the ob...The harmonic analysis method based on high and low water levels is discussed in this paper. In order to make full use of the information of high and low water observations (the time derivative of water level at the observation time is zero), the weight coefficient, w, is introduced to control the importance of the part related to this information in the error formula. The major diurnal constituents, O 1 and K 1, and semi diurnal constituents, N 2, M 2 and S 2 are selected directly from the monthly data analysis, and some other important constituents, P 1, ν 2 and K 2, are included as the inferred constituents. The obtained harmonic constants of the major constituents are very close to those obtained from the analysis of hourly data, and this shows that high and low water data can be used to extract tidal constants with high accuracy. The analysis result also shows that the inference and the weighting coefficient are important in the high and low water data analysis, and it is suggested that w ≥1 should be taken in monthly high and low water data analysis. This analysis method can be used directly to analyze altimetric data with w =0.展开更多
The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are constructed with Earth＇s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model ...The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are constructed with Earth＇s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravimeters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravimetric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric observations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.展开更多
Direct current observations in the Yellow Sea interior are very scarce due to intense fishing and trawling activities. Most previous studies on tides in the area were based on coastal measurements or satellite altimet...Direct current observations in the Yellow Sea interior are very scarce due to intense fishing and trawling activities. Most previous studies on tides in the area were based on coastal measurements or satellite altimeter sea levels and have not been rigorously compared with direct measurements. In this paper, tidal currents are studied with current profiles from three bottom-moored Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea in summer of 2001 and 2003. The measured current series were dominated by tidal currents. Maximum velocities are between 40–80 cm/s at the mooring stations. M2 current is the most dominant primary tidal constituent, while MS4 and M4 are the most significant shallow water tides with much smaller amplitudes than the primary tides.展开更多
Sea surface temperature(SST)data obtained from coastal stations in Jiangsu,China during 20102014 are quality controlled before analysis of their characteristic semidiurnal and seasonal cycles,including the correlation...Sea surface temperature(SST)data obtained from coastal stations in Jiangsu,China during 20102014 are quality controlled before analysis of their characteristic semidiurnal and seasonal cycles,including the correlation with the variation of the tide.Quality control of data includes the validation of extreme values and checking of hourly values based on temporally adjacent data points,with 0.15℃/h considered a suitable threshold for detecting abnormal values.The diurnal variation amplitude of the SST data is greater in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.The diurnal variation of SST has bimodal structure on most days,i.e.,SST has a significant semidiurnal cycle.Moreover,the semidiurnal cycle of SST is negatively correlated with the tidal data from March to August,but positively correlated with the tidal data from October to January.Little correlation is detected in the remaining months because of the weak coastal offshore SST gradients.The quality control and understanding of coastal SST data are particularly relevant with regard to the validation of indirect measurements such as satellite-derived data.展开更多
The textural and mineralogical characteristics of subsurface sediments along with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data collected along the Western margin of India were used to understand the depositional environments a...The textural and mineralogical characteristics of subsurface sediments along with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data collected along the Western margin of India were used to understand the depositional environments and the provenance of sediments. Textural attributes such as mean, standard deviation, skewness and Kurtosis show fluctuations due to fluvio-marine interaction and it is well understood that the bottom sediments are enriched with muddy sand, which may be deposited by mean of tidal invasion. The abundance of very coarse silt to very fine sand indicates the prevalence of low energy environment. The Linear Discriminate Function analysis indicates the fluvio marine deposition of sediments under low energy condition. GPR data upto a depth of 5 m shows the stratigraphic sequences of very fine sands and coarse silt. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments implies that the tidal sediments had deposited between ~30 ± 1 and ~90 ± 4 years before Present. XRD studies results the dominance of K-feldspar and deficiency of clay minerals, indicating that most of the sediments are derived from hinterland. Studies indicate that the Provenance of sediments in the Mandvi area is not related to Indus delta even though a considerable part of Gulf sediments are deposited by the Indus River.展开更多
文摘A general spatial interpolation method for tidal properties has been developed by solving a partial differential equation with a combination of different orders of harmonic operators using a mixed finite element method. Numerically, the equation is solved implicitly without iteration on an unstructured triangular mesh grid. The paper demonstrates the performance of the method for tidal property fields with different characteristics, boundary complexity, number of input data points, and data point distribution. The method has been successfully applied under several different tidal environments, including an idealized distribution in a square basin, coamplitude and cophase lines in the Taylor semi-infiite rotating channel, and tide coamplitude and cophase lines in the Bohai Sea and Chesapeake Bay. Compared to Laplace’s equation that NOAA/NOS currently uses for interpolation in hydrographic and oceanographic applications, the multiple-order harmonic equation method eliminates the problem of singularities at data points, and produces interpolation results with better accuracy and precision.
基金funding from the“Talent Introduction Scientific Research Start-Up Fund”of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Grant number 0104060510217)the“Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics”(Grant number SKLGED2021-3-5)。
文摘Since 2008 a network of five sea-level monitoring stations was progressively installed in French Polynesia.The stations are autonomous and data,collected at a sampling rate of 1 or 2 min,are not only recorded locally,but also transferred in real time by a radio-link to the NOAA through the GOES satellite.The new ET34-ANA-V80 version of ETERNA,initially developed for Earth Tides analysis,is now able to analyze ocean tides records.Through a two-step validation scheme,we took advantage of the flexibility of this new version,operated in conjunction with the preprocessing facilities of the Tsoft software,to recover co rrected data series able to model sea-level variations after elimination of the ocean tides signal.We performed the tidal analysis of the tide gauge data with the highest possible selectivity(optimal wave grouping)and a maximum of additional terms(shallow water constituents).Our goal was to provide corrected data series and modelled ocean tides signal to compute tide-free sea-level variations as well as tidal prediction models with centimeter precision.We also present in this study the characteristics of the ocean tides in French Polynesia and preliminary results concerning the non-tidal variations of the sea level concerning the tide gauge setting.
文摘Some important tidal features of 8 major tidal constituents ( M 2, S 2, K 1, O 1, P 1, Sa, N 2 and K 2 ) in the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas were obtained using six years’ TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. The results showed that the obtained co tidal and co range charts for these major tidal constituents agreed well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations and numerical models.
文摘19-year tidal data of the 3 stations, Huludao, Qinhuangdao and Kanmen, have totally been analysed, and the amplitudes and phases of 472 tidal constituents have been calculated with a resolution of Δ≥ 0.002 2 /h. Based on the draconitic tide, the anomalistic tide and pole tide obtained, the ultra-long-period variations of the mean sea level have been predicted. The annual tidal analysis of 19-year data at the above-mentioned stations and at Tanggu, Longkou has been carried out. The stability of the annual tidal analysis has been investigated with regard to the astronomical factors, the nonlinear effects and the variations of sea-bottom topography.
基金supported by the project of NSFC(No.49906001)the Excellent Young Teacher Award Foundation of State Education Ministry[2000](No.6).
文摘The harmonic analysis method based on high and low water levels is discussed in this paper. In order to make full use of the information of high and low water observations (the time derivative of water level at the observation time is zero), the weight coefficient, w, is introduced to control the importance of the part related to this information in the error formula. The major diurnal constituents, O 1 and K 1, and semi diurnal constituents, N 2, M 2 and S 2 are selected directly from the monthly data analysis, and some other important constituents, P 1, ν 2 and K 2, are included as the inferred constituents. The obtained harmonic constants of the major constituents are very close to those obtained from the analysis of hourly data, and this shows that high and low water data can be used to extract tidal constants with high accuracy. The analysis result also shows that the inference and the weighting coefficient are important in the high and low water data analysis, and it is suggested that w ≥1 should be taken in monthly high and low water data analysis. This analysis method can be used directly to analyze altimetric data with w =0.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-133)National Nature Science Foundation of China (40730316, 40574034).
文摘The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are constructed with Earth＇s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravimeters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravimetric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric observations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB411804)Special Post-doctorial Research Foundation of Shandong Province (No. 200602002)
文摘Direct current observations in the Yellow Sea interior are very scarce due to intense fishing and trawling activities. Most previous studies on tides in the area were based on coastal measurements or satellite altimeter sea levels and have not been rigorously compared with direct measurements. In this paper, tidal currents are studied with current profiles from three bottom-moored Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea in summer of 2001 and 2003. The measured current series were dominated by tidal currents. Maximum velocities are between 40–80 cm/s at the mooring stations. M2 current is the most dominant primary tidal constituent, while MS4 and M4 are the most significant shallow water tides with much smaller amplitudes than the primary tides.
基金The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics under contract No.SOED1402the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of East China Sea Branch,SOA under contract No.201624
文摘Sea surface temperature(SST)data obtained from coastal stations in Jiangsu,China during 20102014 are quality controlled before analysis of their characteristic semidiurnal and seasonal cycles,including the correlation with the variation of the tide.Quality control of data includes the validation of extreme values and checking of hourly values based on temporally adjacent data points,with 0.15℃/h considered a suitable threshold for detecting abnormal values.The diurnal variation amplitude of the SST data is greater in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.The diurnal variation of SST has bimodal structure on most days,i.e.,SST has a significant semidiurnal cycle.Moreover,the semidiurnal cycle of SST is negatively correlated with the tidal data from March to August,but positively correlated with the tidal data from October to January.Little correlation is detected in the remaining months because of the weak coastal offshore SST gradients.The quality control and understanding of coastal SST data are particularly relevant with regard to the validation of indirect measurements such as satellite-derived data.
文摘The textural and mineralogical characteristics of subsurface sediments along with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data collected along the Western margin of India were used to understand the depositional environments and the provenance of sediments. Textural attributes such as mean, standard deviation, skewness and Kurtosis show fluctuations due to fluvio-marine interaction and it is well understood that the bottom sediments are enriched with muddy sand, which may be deposited by mean of tidal invasion. The abundance of very coarse silt to very fine sand indicates the prevalence of low energy environment. The Linear Discriminate Function analysis indicates the fluvio marine deposition of sediments under low energy condition. GPR data upto a depth of 5 m shows the stratigraphic sequences of very fine sands and coarse silt. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments implies that the tidal sediments had deposited between ~30 ± 1 and ~90 ± 4 years before Present. XRD studies results the dominance of K-feldspar and deficiency of clay minerals, indicating that most of the sediments are derived from hinterland. Studies indicate that the Provenance of sediments in the Mandvi area is not related to Indus delta even though a considerable part of Gulf sediments are deposited by the Indus River.
