Sediment Transport Capacity Under the River–Tide Interaction in the Changjiang Estuary

Sediment transport capacity is a fundamental parameter in sediment transport theory and its accurate calculation is important from both theoretical and engineering viewpoints. The capacity of sediment transport has been studied extensively by many researchers in the last decades. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism behind sediment transport capacity in estuaries remains poorly understood. The current study aims to explore the impact of the river–tide interaction on sediment transport and establish a formula of sediment transport capacity under the river–tide interaction. The impact of the river–tide interaction on the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in the Changjiang Estuary was analyzed, a practical method for describing the variation in tide-runoff ratio was established,and a formula of sediment transport capacity considering the impact of river–tide interaction was proposed by introducing the tide-runoff ratio. The new method bridged the gap between two well-known sediment transport capacity methods by considering the variation in the index a for the gravitational term and overcomes the drawback of distinguishing flood/dry season or spring/ebb tide in the calculation of estuarine sediment transport. A large amount of flow and sediment data obtained from the Changjiang Estuary were collected to verify the proposed formula. The effect of salt-fresh water mixture and the morphological evolution on sediment transport capacity of the Changjiang Estuary were discussed.

Distribution patterns of phytoplankton in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters in spring 2009

The Changjiang River estuary and adjacent waters are one of the most notable regions for red tides/harmful algal blooms in China's coastal waters.In this study,phytoplankton samples were collected and analyzed during the outbreak stage of red tides in May 2009.It was found that dinoflagellates,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi,and diatoms,Skeletonema spp.and Paralia sulcata,were the major taxa dominating the phytoplankton community.Cluster analysis,non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and analysis of similarities(ANOSIM) was conducted on a data matrix including taxa composition and cell abundance of the phytoplankton samples.The analyses categorized the samples into three groups at a similarity level of 30%.Group Ⅰ was characterized by estuarine diatoms and distributed mainly in the highly turbid estuarine region.Group Ⅱ,which was dominated by the diatom Skeletonema spp.and represented the red tide of Skeletonema spp.,was situated around Group Ⅰ in the sea area west of 122°50'E.Group Ⅲ was characterized by a high proportion of dinoflagellates and was found further offshore compared with Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Group Ⅲ was further divided into two subgroups(Ⅲ-S1 and Ⅲ-S2) at a similarity level of 40%.Group Ⅲ-S1 was characterized by the presence of the benthic diatom P.sulcata,representing phytoplankton samples collected either from the bottom or from the sea area affected by upwelling.GroupⅢ-S2 was dominated by dinoflagellates and represented red tides formed by P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi.A gradual change of red-tide causative species was observed from the estuary to the offshore sea area,from diatoms to armored dinoflagellates and then unarmored dinoflagellates.Environmental factors associated with each group,and thus affecting the distribution of phytoplankton and red tides,are discussed.

Impacts of the large amount of sand mining on riverbed morphology and tidal dynamics in lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River

The sand dredging and its impacts on riverbed evolution and tidal dynamic change in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River are examined in this paper. The large amount of sand, totally 3.32 billion m^3 from 1980 to 2002, was mined from the riverbeds of the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River. Increasing of the channel capacity, lowering of the average riverbed elevation, deepening of the water depth and decreasing of the longitudinal riverbed gradient are the main effects on the riverbed evolution brought by the large amount of sand dredging. Under the strong sand dredging and associated significant riverbed deformation, the notable changes of the tidal dynamic in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River occurred, including： （1）in the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River delta and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, tidal level dropped apparently, tidal range widened, flood tidal duration became longer, amplitudes for major tidal components became bigger and tidal dynamics intensified; （2） tidal wave spread faster; and （3） the limits of the tidal level, tidal current and salt water moved upstream.

Sedimentary facies of the Silurian tide-dominated paleo-estuary of the Tazhong area in the Tarim Basin

As the relative sea-level rose, a paleo-estuary was formed by the marine inundation of the braided river incised valley during the period of the lower sub-member of the upper member of the Kalpingtage. formation of the Silurian in the Tarim Basin, west China. Sandstone-mudstone rhythmite, tidal structures and bimodal cross-bedding are common in these deposits, indicating that tides played a significant role in generating the sedimentary structures and the estuary type was tide-dominated. Five depositional facies were grouped： tidal river, sandy and muddy subtidal flat, tidal flat, tidal bar, tidal channel on the basis of lithology, electric properties, rhythmicity, sedimentary structure, fossil and the contact relationship. The sediment distribution showing first fining seaward and subsequent coarsening seaward from head to mouth, implies the two sediment sources in the paleo-estuary. The paleo-estuary of the Tarim Basin is very different from other representative estuaries. The most important distinction is that there are two adjacent estuaries joined by tidal flat onshore and by sandy and muddy subtidal flat in the sea at the same time, while the others only architecture model for the tide-dominated estuary. have one, So the Tazhong paleo-estuary shows a good

Gradual Evolution from Fluvial Dominated to Tide Dominated Deltas and Channel Type Transformation: A Case Study of MPE3 Block in the Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt of the Eastern Venezuelan Basin

Based on the data of core description and sporopollen analysis,the gradual evolution of deltas in vertical direction and transition of channel types in the MPE3 block of the eastern Venezuela Basin have been surveyed by seismic phase and well logging facies interpretation.The results show that due to the great sea level rise,the sedimentary system of the Miocene Oficina Formation in the MPE3 block shifted from the distal-source sandy braided river delta to tide-affected delta,and eventually to tide-dominated delta.Vertically,during the early stage of sedimentation of Oficina Formation,the distributary channels of the delta were dominated by braided river channels.While in the later stage,as the tidal effect was gradually intensified,the channel changed from braided channel to meandering channel.On plane,as a result of differential transgression,sedimentary framework and distribution of sand bodies vary across the study area.Compared with the eastern part,the western part has more braided channels,larger channel bars,less developments of distributary bay and higher ratio of sand to mud.Whereas the braided channels in the south are larger than those in the north.It is the first time we pointed out the impact of marine transgression differences on the sedimentary facies distribution and river type transition in the study area.Factors like the structural and paleogeomorphological change,sea level variation,supply of sediments have strong influence on the evolution of sedimentary system and distribution of sandbodies.It is predicted that the major sandbody is more developed in the central south,which can guide the subsequent horizontal well development.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Sediment Transport of A Tidal River Under Influence of Wading Engineering Groups

By taking the Yong River for example in this paper, based on the multiple measured data during 1957 to 2009, the change process of runoff, tide feature, tidal wave, tidal influx and sediment transport are analyzed. Then a mathematical model is used to reveal the influence mechanism on hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the wading engineering groups such as a tide gate, a breakwater, reservoirs, bridges and wharves, which were built in different periods. The results showed the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the Yong River changed obviously due to the wading engineering groups. The tide gate induced deformation of the tidal wave, obvious reduction of the tidal influx and weakness of the tidal dynamic, decrease of the sediment yield of flood and ebb tide and channel deposition. The breakwater blocked estuarine entrances, resulting in the change of the tidal current and the reduction of the tidal influx in the estuarine area. The large-scale reservoirs gradually made the decrease of the Yong River runoff. The bridge and wharf groups took up cross-section areas, the cumulative affection of which caused the increase of tidal level in the tidal river.

Morphological Change in the Northern Red River Delta,Vietnam

Coastal erosion has become a worldwide concern, typically in the densely populated Asian mega-river deltas. Severe coastal erosion in the southern Red River Delta(RRD) has been intensively studied. Coastal morphological change in the northern RRD was examined in detail through DEM(Digital Elevation Model) analysis based on time series of bathymetrical maps(1965–2004) and Landsat images(1975–2015) in this study. The results show that the northern RRD is featured by rapid coastal accretion in the past few decades, although suspended sediment flux has dropped by roughly 60% after the completeness of Hoa Binh Dam(HBD) in 1988 and relative sea level rose at 1.9 mm yr^(-1). However, accretion at the outer part of subtidal shoals and platforms was observed to slow down quickly or even turned into erosion in the last two decades. The resuspended sediments from the erosion zone can be transported landward to replenish the inner coastal zone, keeping the latter accretion in the near future to compensate for the sediment discharge decrease from the river. However, this lag effect should be terminated soon if other adverse effects go worse, e.g., damming rivers, sea-level rising, strengthening storms, land reclamation and other poor-designed coastal engineering. Coastal planners and managers should pay full attention to these changes.

Study on the Role of Tidal Currents in the Process of Formation and Development of the Changjiang River Delta

The Changjiang River Delta is a delta of tremendous scale which is formed under the control of tide and tidal currents. The study on the role of tide and tidal currents in the process of formation and development of the Changjiang River Delta can provide a typical example for the ocean-continent interaction process in the east area of our country. The tide and tidal currents in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea at the post-glacial transgression maximum are simulated, the sediment transport field in the Paleo-Changjiang River Estuary(PCRE) and its peripheral area at that time is calculated, and the seabed erosion/accretion pattern is obtained according to the divergence of sediment transport rate. The results show that a distinctive wave belly of standing tidal wave existed at the post-glacial transgression maximum and the wave belly lines protruded seawards from the wave belly point in the mouth of the PCRE. Under the wave belly control tidal currents converge to or diverge from the wave

黄河三角洲潮滩表层沉积物在潮波和波浪作用下的孔压响应及固结机理现场试验研究

为了研究黄河三角洲潮滩表层粉质土在波浪和潮波作用下的孔压响应及对沉积物固结状态影响,在黄河三角洲潮滩上现场取土在试坑内配置了模拟黄河口快速沉积形成的流体状堆积物,利用静力触探试验、孔隙水压力测试手段,对比研究了试坑扰动恢复土体和潮滩原状土体在波浪和潮波作用下的孔压响应,并探讨了黄河三角洲潮滩表层粉质土非均匀固结机理。研究发现:在潮波作用下,潮滩和试坑土体产生了不同的孔压响应,在涨退潮过程中试坑土体超静孔隙水压力经历了负-零-正的变化,相当于经历了一次加卸荷过程,而潮滩土体仅产生了负值超静孔隙水压力。在潮波与波浪相互耦合作用下,潮滩浅部土体产生了明显的孔隙水压力积累,在深度0.3 m附近出现超静孔隙水压力最大值。潮滩表层土体强度沿深度从上到下呈现高-低-次高不均匀固结现象,产生这一现象的机理与潮滩土体在潮波、波浪和潮波相互耦合作用下孔压响应特点有关,特别是潮滩0.3 m深度附近土体受波浪影响显著,长期作用下形成硬壳层。

智联无人船内河水深测量与抗水流能力评估

利用无人船无验潮测深与网络RTK技术开展内河水深测量试验,并从测深精度、路径跟踪及最大抗水流能力三个方面评估该自主研发无人船性能。结果表明,无人船水深测量精度高,满足相关规范要求,且无人船在水流速<2.0 m/s条件下,抗水流速能力强,路径跟踪精度良好,外业作业最大抗水流速安全阈值为5.0 m/s。

鳗苗网兼捕主要经济鱼类潮汐分布调查

为了解长江口北支邻近水域鳗苗网兼捕主要经济鱼类在大小潮期间的分布特征,于2022年2—4月,在该水域设置3个站点,分别在3个大潮和3个小潮期间开展调查。结果表明,主要经济鱼类包括2种洄游性鱼类(刀鲚和凤鲚)、4种海洋性鱼类([鱼免]黄鱼、小黄鱼和半滑舌鳎);共采样72网次,采集到经济种个体数为374尾。刀鲚、凤鲚、[鱼免]、大黄鱼最高单位努力渔获量(CPUE)均出现在大潮期间,小黄鱼CPUE最高值则出现在小潮期间,半滑舌鳎大小潮CPUE值一致。大黄鱼、小黄鱼和半滑舌鳎在大潮期间的体长和体质量中位数均大于小潮期间。刀鲚、凤鲚和[鱼免]最高损伤率均出现在大潮期间的3月1—4日。指出,长江口北支的鳗苗定制网,成为多种经济鱼类洄游通道上的重大阻碍,严重损害其早期资源的可持续发展。

基于珠江入海口顾及浅水分潮特征的深度基准面传递方法研究

采用珠江入海口处潮位数据进行顾及浅水分潮特征的深度基准面传递方法的研究,并选取该区域五个验潮站潮位数据进行实验,实验先进行潮汐调和分析,解算基于长期观测数据的各分潮较为稳定的正、余弦分量,再通过附加参数间的限制条件,采用约束平差法实现对短期数据进行调和分析,得到基于短期数据的各分潮正、余弦分量,再通过参数变换得到各分潮潮高和迟角,综合分析浅水分潮对潮汐预报和基准传递的影响。根据上述分析结果提出顾及浅水分潮特征的改进深度基准面传递算法,并验证该方法在珠江入海口处的有效性。

钱塘江河口尖山滩地短期演变及其影响因素

滩槽冲淤演变是潮汐河口研究关注的重点问题之一。尖山河段位于钱塘江河口的过渡段,受径流和潮流共同作用,滩地冲淤变化幅度大、主槽摆动频繁。以往研究多局限于物理模型或数值模拟,缺乏与现场实测资料的对比分析。因此,以尖山滩地2020~2021年的实测地形数据为基础,结合近期水动力过程,分析滩面坡度、地形冲淤和典型断面高程的变化,并研究径潮动力对近期滩地演变的影响。结果表明,滩地呈现阶段性冲淤交替,汛前滩地成台阶状分布,横向存在多级陡坎;汛中近岸边滩大幅冲刷,离岸心滩略有淤积;汛后滩地普遍淤涨,近岸水流集中形成冲刷潮水沟。下泄径流和上溯潮流是尖山滩地演变的主要控制因素,径潮动力与滩地相互作用,形成“洪冲潮淤、大冲大淤”的形态格局。

变化条件下长江口防洪御潮及供水保障研究进展与展望

近一个世纪以来,全球气候变暖导致海平面持续上升,增加了整个长江口的水深,抬高了潮汐和风暴潮的基础水位,使得河口咸潮入侵,洪水和风暴潮发生的频率和强度增加。同时,由于长江流域水土保持和水库群建设,进入河口的泥沙量锐减,加剧了河口咸潮上溯,对区域人群生产生活产生一定影响。从全球气候变暖背景下长江口海平面上升和演变规律、长江口人类活动与气候变化影响下的动力要素变化、河口咸潮入侵时空分布和水盐交换机制及供水安全风险、海平面上升对海堤防洪御潮能力的影响、长江口地区防洪御潮韧性等5个方面总结归纳了现有研究成果,提出未来研究的方向,以期对保障河口地区水资源安全利用和防洪御潮能力提升提供参考。

潮汐对闽江感潮河段水体DOM含量及其光谱特征的影响

可溶性有机质(DOM)虽然只占生态系统中有机质的一小部分,但易被微生物利用,在河流生态系统的养分供应与物质循环中具有关键作用。感潮河段的水体可溶性有机质极易受到潮汐作用引起的径流变化影响,但目前对其仍缺乏必要认识。以闽江感潮河段(117 km)为研究对象,在巨潮日分析涨、落潮过程中水体可溶性有机质的含量及其光谱特征变化。结果表明,潮汐作用显著影响距河口20 km范围水体可溶性有机质的含量、结构、组成以及来源,涨潮阶段水体DOC含量的上升程度较落潮增加35.9%,水体CDOM浓度下降程度较落潮增加26.2%,涨潮期近河口可溶性有机质的分子量增加,而芳香化程度降低,内源性增强。综合分析表明,潮汐主要通过促进河水与海水混合的物理过程,影响水体环境、可溶性有机质含量及其稳定性,增强pH、电导率、盐度和溶解氧与可溶性有机质的相关性,但减弱水体温度与可溶性有机质的相关性。这些结果对于深入认识潮汐过程对河流生态系统的影响,了解感潮河段的物质循环规律具有一定的科学意义。

天津市防洪圈内涝与大清河流域洪潮遭遇分析

天津市防洪圈地处海河流域下游,紧邻渤海湾,其防洪安全受流域上游洪水、区内涝水及下游潮水共同影响。以天津市城市防洪圈与大清河流域河口段为例,选取洪水代表水文站、平原区涝水雨量代表站、入海口潮位代表站同期相关要素,考虑洪水传播时间,分别按洪水为主、涝水相应,洪水为主、潮位相应,涝水为主、洪水相应,潮位为主、洪水相应等方式,进行洪、涝、潮的遭遇分析,得出遭遇组合的规律,为优化防洪排涝工程布局提供基础支撑。

钱塘江河口治江缩窄对涌潮的影响

20世纪60年代后期以来,钱塘江河口进行了大规模的治江缩窄,显著改变了河口的水沙、地貌及其相互作用过程,而对于涌潮在高强度人类活动扰动下的响应认知尚不全面。基于实测资料,结合涌潮数学模型分析大规模治江缩窄对钱塘江河口潮汐、河床以及涌潮的影响。结果表明:治江缩窄后,滩槽分布基本稳定;山潮水比增大,大致以盐官为界,涌潮河段下游段淤积,上游段冲刷,沙坎下移;高潮位沿程抬升,涌潮起潮点附近及闸口—仓前河段潮差增大,仓前—盐官河段潮差减小;涌潮起潮点和最大涌潮位置下移,观潮位置固定,潮景丰富稳定,潮到时间稳定,涌潮高度变幅减小,仓前—盐官河段涌潮高度减小。为保护涌潮,需要在涌潮河段维持较大的潮差和适宜的水深,不宜开展大规模的缩窄。

基于高、低潮位的西江感潮河段潮汐特征分析

通过对高、低潮位数据插值和NS_TIDE模型应用,分析西江感潮河段(马口—大横琴)的潮汐特征。对比三种插值方法发现,相对于三次样条插值法和线性插值法,Hermite插值法对逐时潮位的模拟效果最佳。潮位验证结果显示NS_TIDE模型总体误差较低,异常值主要是源自台风和洪水的影响。西江感潮河段平均水位和分潮振幅存在洪、枯季差异,上游受径流的影响大于潮汐,下游则相反;径流量和潮差增大,促进上游河段平均水位增高,对分潮振幅和迟角的影响在不同河段表现不同,主要与其所处空间位置和分潮自身频率有关。

洪潮影响下潭江流域安全行洪阈值研究

为研究洪潮叠加影响下潭江流域下游感潮河段河道洪水演进动态与行洪能力,构建了一维水动力模型,通过多组洪潮组合工况模拟计算,量化了不同潮位、控制水位、持续泄流时间下潭江流域控制性节点安全行洪阈值以及涨落潮情形下的行洪能力,揭示了洪潮影响下潭江流域水文变化规律,并结合随机森林模型,绘制了高精度安全行洪阈值图谱。结果表明:以潮动力为主的潭江流域下游感潮河段,干流水位主要受下游潮位影响,高潮位的洪潮顶托效应更为强烈,安全行洪阈值受潮位和泄流时间影响;落潮时段行洪能力较涨潮时段明显增强,且落潮时段行洪能力与控制断面水位基本呈线性变化。

闽江下游感潮河段涨落潮过程对水体重金属和砷分布特征的影响

重金属和砷在水体中积累到一定程度会对水生态系统造成严重危害,而涨落潮过程可能影响水体中重金属质量浓度的分布特征。为了研究这一过程,选择闽江下游感潮河段(117 km)作为研究对象,在巨潮日涨潮和落潮的过程中,采集了该河段11个采样点的表层水样,分析了水体中重金属(Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb)和As的质量浓度及其与环境因子间的相关性。结果表明,闽江下游感潮河段的重金属元素(除Cu外)和砷的质量浓度在不同采样点之间的分布存在显著差异,自上游到下游,Cr、Cd及As的质量浓度总体呈升高趋势,并且它们之间呈现明显的正相关性,说明3种元素的释放源可能相同,而Mn、Fe及Pb质量浓度整体呈下降趋势;落潮作用使Mn、Fe及Pb质量浓度增幅明显,且主要发生在下游入海口河段(S9~S11),但降低了Hg质量浓度。涨落潮过程,水体的pH、盐度和悬浮物浓度与Cr、Cd及As质量浓度显著正相关,与Fe质量浓度显著负相关;相较于涨潮,落潮加强了Cu、Hg与温度、pH、盐度及悬浮物浓度之间的相关关系。这些结果对深入认识涨落潮过程闽江下游感潮河段水体重金属和砷元素的分布、迁移转化过程及其影响因素具有重要意义,同时为水域生态系统保护及可持续发展提供了理论依据。