Effects of anti-pull ties on the bearing behaviors of shallow tunnel-type anchorages in soft rock

Tunnel-type anchorages(TTAs)installed in human gathering areas are characterized by a shallow burial depth,and in many instances,they utilize soft rock as the bearing stratum.However,the stability control measures and the principle of shallow TTAs in soft rock have not been fully studied.Hence,a structure suitable for improving the stability of shallow TTAs in soft rock strata,named the anti-pull tie(APT),was added to the floor of the back face.Physical tests and numerical models were established to study the influence of the APT on the load transfer of TTAs,the mechanical response of the surrounding rock,the stress distribution of the interface,and the failure model.The mechanical characteristics of APTs were also studied.The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of TTAs with an APT is increased by approximately 11.8%,as compared to the TTAs without an APT.Also,the bearing capacity of TTAs increases approximately linearly with increasing height,width,length,and quantity of APTs,and decreases approximately linearly with increasing distance from the back face and slope angle of the tie slope.The normal squeezing between the tie slope and the surrounding rock increases the shear resistance of the interface and expands the range of the surrounding rock participating in bearing sharing.Both tension and compression zones exist in the APT during loading.The tension zone extends from the tie toe to the tie bottom along the tie slope.The range of the tie body tension zone constantly expands to the deep part of the APT with an increasing load.The peak tensile stress value is located at the tie toe.The distribution of compressive stress in the tie body is the largest at the tie top,followed by the tie slope,and then the tie bottom.

A SYMBOL OF STRONG CHINA-INDONESIA TIES

“The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway(HSR)is a crucial achievement in practical cooperation between China and Indonesia,”said Paulus Rudolf Yuniarto,a researcher at the Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency.

脓毒症诊治中Ang/Tie信号通路的研究进展

脓毒症以及伴随的多器官功能障碍是一组常见的临床综合征,其患病率随着人口老龄化逐年上升。全球每年发生2000万例脓毒症,死亡率为26%。早期准确诊断脓毒症,有利于及时采取针对性的治疗策略,这是降低病死率的关键。内皮细胞是外源病原体或内源性损伤信号的早期作用对象。研究提示,内皮细胞的结构改变与功能活化在脓毒症的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。作为内皮细胞专属信号通路,血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)/酪氨酸激酶受体(tyrosine kinase receptor,Tie)在内皮细胞的异常激活和损伤中发挥重要作用。Ang/Tie信号通路主要包括2种位于内皮细胞中的酪氨酸激酶受体(Tie1、Tie2)和4种分泌性糖蛋白配体(Ang-1、Ang-2、Ang-3、Ang-4)。机制研究方面,Ang-1可持续性激活Tie2受体,维持细胞与细胞、细胞与基质间的相互作用,支持血管内皮细胞正常的生理功能;Ang-2是Ang-1拮抗剂,可竞争性阻断Ang-1与Tie2受体结合。脓毒症环境下,Ang-1下降,Ang-2升高,Ang-1/Ang-2的比值下降。Ang-2竞争性阻断Ang-1与可溶性Tie2受体结合,内皮细胞处于严重异常激活状态。Ang-2介导肝素酶的释放导致糖萼损伤,可引起血管通透性增加;Ang-2可促进炎症反应;Ang/Tie信号系统失调介导凝血功能障碍,Ang-2升高是弥散性血管内凝血的前哨性事件。临床病情监测方面,Ang-2>5.61 ng/mL,诊断脓毒症的灵敏度为74.36%;Ang-2持续升高,提示内皮功能难以恢复,器官发生功能性改变。早期动态监测Ang-2可用于预测脓毒症相关肺损伤、急性肾损伤。Ang-2/Ang-1比值上升、Ang1/可溶性Tie2比值下降可预测脓毒症患者90 d病死率(ROC曲线面积分别为0.787和0.704)。Ang-2和可溶性Tie-2水平下降,则提示脓毒症血浆置换有效。靶向Ang/Tie信号通路的动物实验获得一定成功,但目前临床试验未能获得有价值的结果。脓毒症相关Ang/Tie信号通路有待于进一步深入研究。

调控Ang/Tie信号通路治疗眼底新生血管性疾病的研究进展

抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗应用于眼底新生血管疾病领域以来,在提高视力、稳定疾病病变和在某些情况下逆转疾病方面显示了卓越的效果。但抗VEGF治疗需要频繁玻璃体内注射给药,患者治疗负担重,长期疗效受影响。前期临床研究发现,调控血管生成素(Ang)/含免疫球蛋白样环和上皮生长因子样域酪氨酸激酶(Tie)通路在眼底新生血管疾病的治疗中有较好的效果。目前已发布了3个Ang/Tie通路阻断药物治疗眼底新生血管疾病的临床研究数据,其中靶向VEGF-A和Ang-2的双特异性免疫球蛋白G1抗体faricimab进入了Ⅲ期临床试验并达到终点,faricimab的2种延长治疗间隔(12周和16周)的给药方案均被证实有效。本文基于已发表的研究报告,就调控Ang/Tie通路在眼底新生血管性疾病治疗中的作用及临床应用作一综述,总结分析Ang/Tie通路的作用机制以及未来药物的应用前景。

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子调控Ang1/Tie2信号通路抑制炎症促进血管内皮细胞功能恢复

目的:探讨酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)功能的影响,以及Ang1/Tie2通路在其中的作用。方法:培养HUVEC细胞,不同浓度脂多糖(LPS)和aFGF刺激HUVEC,CCK-8实验确定刺激浓度,并观察生长活性;细胞划痕实验检测aFGF对HUVEC迁移能力的影响;Westernblot实验检测增殖蛋白PCNA,凋亡蛋白Cleavedcaspase3、Bax,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2,炎症相关蛋白NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-10,血管生成相关蛋白CD31和通路相关蛋白Ang1、Tie2的表达水平;免疫荧光实验检测PCNA、Cleavedcaspase3、IL-6、IL-10以及CD31的荧光强度。分离小鼠主动脉,离体培养后进行免疫荧光实验,观察PCNA、Cleavedcaspase3、IL-6、IL-10以及CD31蛋白的荧光强度。结果:CCK-8实验显示LPS抑制HUVEC生长活性,5μg/mL为最适刺激浓度(P<0.01);aFGF促进HUVEC生长活性,其中100ng/mL为最适刺激浓度(P<0.01)。细胞划痕实验提示aFGF促进细胞迁移。Westernblot和免疫荧光实验结果显示,aFGF促进增殖蛋白和血管功能蛋白表达,抑制凋亡蛋白和炎症蛋白表达,上调Ang1/Tie2通路蛋白(P<0.05)。离体血管免疫荧光实验显示aFGF上调PCNA、IL-10以及CD31的荧光强度,下调Cleavedcaspase3和IL-6的荧光强度(P<0.05)。结论:aFGF增强HUVEC生长活性和迁移能力,促进其增殖,抑制其凋亡,并通过调控Ang1/Tie2通路抑制炎症反应,促进血管功能修复。

Changes of China’s Status in the Global System and Its Influencing Factors:A Multiple Contact Networks Perspective

Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.

Studies of Soil Physical Properties and Community Characteristics of Different Abandoned Lands in the Minqin Oasis,Downstream of the Shiyang River

[Objective] The aim was to explore physical properties and community characteristics of abandoned lands in different years in Minqin Oasis, downstream of the Shiyang River, [Method] The evolution of environment and plant community characteristics in different abandoned lands were analyzed after abandonment for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 24 and 31 years, and the plant community characteristics, water content, bulk density, porosity and mechanical composition of soil in the different a- bandoned lands were also researched in the Minqin Oasis, downstream of the Shiyang River. [Result] Plant of 32 species spread over 14 family live through fifty years appeared in abandoned lands in the study area. Shrubs was 6 species, herbs was 26 species among them, which were 18.75%, 81.25% respectively. The goose- foot family （6 species）, the composite family（4 species）,the grass family（4 species）, caltrop family（3 species） were 53.13% among them. Within the range of 0-40 cm of different abandoned Land, the soil moisture content showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of soil depth changes in soil bulk density and porosity of less obvious. In the range of 0-40 cm soil depth, the largest proportion of fine sand, followed by silt and clay and the smallest proportion of coarse sand in every plot, but the proportion of the each silt size varies little with the years aban- doned. [Conclusion] The research provides references for vegetation reconstruction and eco-environment construction in abandoned lands in downstream of Shiyang River.

Influence of network structure on spreading dynamics via tie range

There are various phenomena of malicious information spreading in the real society, which cause many negative impacts on the society. In order to better control the spreading, it is crucial to reveal the influence of network structure on network spreading. Motifs, as fundamental structures within a network, play a significant role in spreading. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the influence of the structural characteristics of basic network motifs on spreading dynamics.Considering the edges of the basic network motifs in an undirected network correspond to different tie ranges, two edge removal strategies are proposed, short ties priority removal strategy and long ties priority removal strategy. The tie range represents the second shortest path length between two connected nodes. The study focuses on analyzing how the proposed strategies impact network spreading and network structure, as well as examining the influence of network structure on network spreading. Our findings indicate that the long ties priority removal strategy is most effective in controlling network spreading, especially in terms of spread range and spread velocity. In terms of network structure, the clustering coefficient and the diameter of network also have an effect on the network spreading, and the triangular structure as an important motif structure effectively inhibits the spreading.

Seismic effectiveness evaluation and optimized design of tie up method for securing museum collections

To quantify the seismic effectiveness of the most commonly used fishing line tie up method for securing museum collections and optimize fixed strategies for exhibitions,shaking table tests of the seismic systems used for typical museum collection replicas have been carried out.The influence of body shape and fixed measure parameters on the seismic responses of replicas and the interaction behavior between replicas and fixed measures have been explored.Based on the results,seismic effectiveness evaluation indexes of the tie up method are proposed.Reasonable suggestions for fixed strategies are given,which provide a basis for the exhibition of delicate museum collections considering the principle of minimizing seismic responses and intervention.The analysis results show that a larger ratio of height of mass center to bottom diameter led to more intense rocking responses.Increasing the initial pretension of fishing lines was conducive to reducing the seismic responses and stress variation of the lines.Through comprehensive consideration of the interaction forces and effective securement,it is recommended to apply 20%of breaking stress as the initial pretension.For specific museum collections that cannot be effectively protected by the independent tie up method,an optimized strategy of a combination of fishing lines and fasteners is recommended.

骨形态发生蛋白4诱导下骨骼肌内异位骨化的细胞来源

背景:骨骼肌异位骨化是临床上严重的并发症。对于骨骼肌异位骨化而言,其参与成骨过程中的细胞仍不明确。目的:观察肌细胞及筋膜细胞以及内皮细胞在骨肌中异位骨化过程中的参与情况,观察骨形态发生蛋白4诱导下骨骼肌内异位骨化的细胞来源。方法:培养C2C12细胞和诱导培养基数天下C 2 C 12细胞形成的肌管,将质量浓度500 ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4分别加入培养基后,显微镜下观察处理10 d内C2C12细胞和肌管是否继续增殖;按不同比例共培养大鼠肌细胞(L6)和人成纤维源性细胞(fibroblast-derived cells,FDC),通过番红O染色和阿尔新蓝染色研究上述细胞在质量浓度500 ng/mL的骨形态发生蛋白4和质量浓度10 ng/mL的转化生长因子β3处理下21 d内成骨和成软骨分化潜力。使用转基因动物FVB/N-TgN(TIE2-LacZ)182Sato小鼠,通过在基因鼠大腿肌间隙植入含有15μL的腺相关病毒-骨形态发生蛋白4(5×1010 PFU/mL)10 d及14 d,再通过X-gal染色来观察异化骨中有无新血管内皮生成。结果与结论:①骨形态发生蛋白4导致肌束退化并增加C2C12细胞增殖。与其他组相比,FDC组具有较高的阿尔新蓝和番红O染色面积(P<0.05)和较低碱性磷酸酶染色面积(P<0.05);而L6组和其他组相比具有更大的碱性磷酸酶染色面积(P<0.05),但阿尔新蓝和番红O染色面积较小(P<0.05)。②将腺相关病毒-骨形态发生蛋白4吸附的明胶海绵移植到FVB/N-TgN(TIE2-LacZ)182Sato小鼠中会导致异位骨化。③X-gal染色结果显示,在软骨细胞及异化骨中无明显染色,提示Tie2+内皮细胞不参与异位骨化的形成。④结果证实,在腺相关病毒-骨形态发生蛋白4诱导的骨骼肌异位软骨化过程中,成纤维细胞是软骨细胞的主要细胞来源,而肌源性细胞是成骨细胞的主要来源。Tie2+内皮细胞可能不是软骨和骨的细胞来源。

Epiphanic Revival: Exploring Metallic Finishes on Batik Fabrics in Ghana

Batik fabric is an integral part of the traditional cloth culture of the Ghanaian traditional setting. However, the batik fabric has marginal usage due to its casual visual appearance. This studio practice seeks to explore the epiphanic revival in the use of metallic finishes on batik substrate to create an enhanced visual appearance with embellished aesthetic sensibilities and diversified use. The researchers adopted the studio-based approach of the qualitative design to manipulate handmade tools, techniques (collagraph) and the batik fabrics through experimentation to produce a glittering mercurial batik fabric which is typically an industrial practice. The studio practice took place at the Textile Design and Technology studio, Takoradi Technical University, Ghana. The traditional batik fabric was manipulated through fabric decoration techniques in accordance with studio-based practices. The Addie model was adopted as a methodological approach in the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation processes of the experimentation processes of the study. Findings revealed that the hand techniques used in the production process for the metallic prints produced interesting accidentals finishes and effects that machine work cannot achieve, producing new discoveries of visual enhancements of traditional batik fabric. Traditional batiks became mercurial with glittery effects. The metallic prints on the fabric also changed its consumption pattern from mere casual fabric to classic and cosmopolitan fabric for varied uses suitable for wearable to non-wearable.

Critical role of risk management in ground engineering and opportunities for improvement

Green mining is concerned with mining in a sustainable manner, such that the needs of the present are met without compromising future generations. The achievement of this objective depends on balancing social, environmental and economic objectives and has to have regard to both active mining operations and legacy issues associated with mine closure. Ground engineering has a critical role in achieving green mining objectives but its contribution is characterised by pervasive uncertainty. Uncertainty equates to risk. This means that ground engineering should be practiced within a risk management framework that aims to both prevent unwanted outcomes and to mitigate their consequences to an acceptable level. This keynote address presents the fundamentals of risk management and demonstrates its effectiveness by reference to improvements in the safety performance of the NSW coal sector over the past three decades.Nevertheless, ground control remains a mix of art and science, relying heavily on judgements which should be premised on knowledge, skill and experience(that is, competence). Risk management has now been enshrined in mining legislation and operating practice in Australia for over two decades.Notwithstanding this, near-hit and accident and incident investigations, commissions of inquiry and legal proceedings almost invariably identify deficiencies and opportunities for improvements necessary to achieve the objectives of sustainable mining. Three of the more important opportunities which have global application in relation to ground engineering are discussed. These relate to the vexing issue of defining competency in ground engineering; the criteria for undertaking rigorous risk assessment; and the need for ground engineers to become involved in mine rehabilitation and closure planning over the full life cycle of a mine, commencing at the prefeasibility stage.

Firm review revelation policy considering social ties among consumers

An optimization model is proposed to analyze the optimal review revelation policies and consumer online social network management strategies of e-commerce firms.The results show that displaying friend reviews to consumers does not necessarily increase firms profits.Only when positive reviews account for a large proportion of all the reviews and when the cost of showing friend reviews is not high,can showing friend reviews be more profitable than not showing such information.The distribution of social ties among consumers can affect firms profits.Even in the case that showing friend reviews to consumers is more profitable,an increase in the proportion of strong ties is not necessarily beneficial to firms.Only when the proportion of positive reviews is large enough,can firms profits increase with the increase in the proportion of strong ties among consumers.Moreover,the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating can also affect firms strategies for managing consumer online social networks.As the degree of consumer distrust in the average quality rating rises,firms are more likely to obtain higher profits by taking measures to increase the proportion of strong ties among consumers on their websites.

Measurement of vibration frequencies of ties in masonry arches by means of a robotic total station

Measurement of the vibration frequencies of eight ties set in masonry arches of a church by means of a robotic total station is described.The instrument made continuous recordings(up to ten per second)of the three-dimensional positions of a reflector situated at 1/2 or 1/4 of the length of the tie during vertical oscillation induced by an impulsive load.The recording slips,vibration amplitudes(and their accuracy),hourly diagram and experimental spectra of vibrations,and the corresponding frequencies were calculated.The results were verified by comparing them with the vibration frequencies and indirectly the tension and fixed support constraint calculated from accelerometric measurements.The study provides interesting information on the accuracies of the reflector′s three-dimensional coordinates,but highlighted certain limits in the application of robotized total stations for measuring vibration frequencies of ties in masonry arches.

Extension of Switching Costs Antecedents Based on Customers＇ Social Ties

The effects of customers' social ties on switching costs have recently attracted researchers' attention.This study formally included customers' social ties as a new antecedent to supplement those elucidated by Burnham in 2003.Through empirical research,this study successfully verified the reliability and validity of items created to measure social ties,and it demonstrated the facilitating effects of social ties as an antecedent on customers' procedural and relational switching costs.Finally,the study lists managerial implications aimed at retaining customers through knowledge of this added antecedent.

Ponder over the Changes in Sino-Russian-U. S. Ties

Some changes have indeed taken place in international situation from September 11 to Iraq war. Changes in big power relations in particular have given food for thought. Today Ⅰ would like to focus on the changes in the relations among China, Russia and the United States as well as my consideration of China’s diplomacy.

The Lagging behind Security Ties and the Way out

The present Sino-Japanese relations have developed smoothly and achieved marked results, but some problems are yet to be, solved. One of them is that, compared with the closer economic ties, political and security relations between the two states are lagging behind, in which security relations in particular have obstructed the deepening of ties between the two nations. As two major powers in East Asia, the ties be-

The US Enhancing Ties with Sri Lanka: Motivations and Restraints

The rapid growth in US-Sri Lanka relations is the latest attempt by the US to implement its Indo-Pacific strategy in South Asia. As the strategy materializes, the intensified US involvement in the region will bring new variables to the security situation in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.

Chinese,Portuguese Leaders Exchange Congratulations on 40th Anniversary of Diplomatic Ties

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa on February 8 exchanged congratulations on the 40th anniversary of the establishment of China-Portugal diplomatic relations.

China's WTO Entry Helps Sino-US Ties

China applied for restoration of its status as the GATT founding member in1986. The country has made great endeavor in reducing customs duties, removing non-tariff barriers, enhancing protection of intellectual property rights andservice trades, launching reform of the foreign trade regime, eliminating trade bar-riers and improving environment for foreign investment. Over the past 14 years,China has taken part in 26 relevant multilateral meetings and hundreds of bilateralnegotiations.