轻量级密码Pyjamask和SUNDAE-GIFT的不可能统计故障分析

Pyjamask密码是2020年由Goudarzi等学者在国际对称密码学期刊中提出的密码算法,同时也是国际轻量级密码竞赛第二轮候选算法,旨在保护物联网中传感器、智能芯片和嵌入式设备的数据安全.本文结合Pyjamask密码的设计结构和实现特点,基于不可能关系策略和统计分析,提出适用于在唯密文环境下的不可能统计故障分析方法,并设计了 Wasserstein距离-汉明重量和Wasserstein距离-极大似然估计区分器.该分析方法分别仅需1024和1120个随机故障密文,即可在59.84ms和140.16ms内破译Pyjamask密码全部版本的128比特主密钥.并且,该方法和区分器均可用于认证加密算法SUNDAE-GIFT的分析中.不可能统计故障分析的攻击速度快,并且实现代价低,为轻量级密码的实现安全研究提供了有价值的参考.

Tilapia Head Glycolipid Alleviates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Through COX/PGE2 Signaling Pathway in Adult Rats

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 30mgkg^(-1) IDM after 7 days of TH-GL or omeprazole(OME)administration in rats.Then the macroscopic gastric injury symptoms,gastric mucosa protective factor cyclooxygenase 1(COX-1),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),the levels of oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the rats were analyzed.The experimental results showed that multiple ulcers appeared on the gastric surface of the rats in the model group.Compared to the model group,TH-GL significantly alleviated gastric ulcers and reduced the gastric damage index in rats.In addition,TH-GL significantly promoted the expression of constitutive enzyme COX-1 while inhibited the expression of inducible enzyme COX-2,and make PGE2 maintain at normal levels.TH-GL also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and glutathione(GSH)content,decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the content of pro-inflammatory factor.In conclusion,these results suggested that TH-GL could maintain the expression levels of COX-1 and PGE2 while inhibit the expression of COX-2 in the gastric of rat and then prevent IDM-induced gastric ulcer,which may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Therefore,TH-GL might be a new option for the prevention of gastric diseases induced by IDM.

RAPD-SCAR Markers for Genetically Improved NEW GIFT Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.) and Their Application in Strain Identification

The NEW GIFT Nile tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.） is a nationally certificated new strain selected over 14 years and 9 generations from the base strain of GIFT Nile tilapia, introduced in 1994. This new variety has been extended in most of areas of China. The management of genetically improved strains, including the genetic markers for identification is needed urgently. RAPD analysis was conducted and their conversion to SCAR markers was developed. From NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, two strain-specific RAPD bands, S304624 bp and S36568 bp were identified. The strain-specific RAPD bands were gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced. Locus-specific primers were then designed to amplify the strain-specific bands. PCR amplification was conducted to test the variations in allele frequencies of two converted SCAR markers among the NEW GIFT Nile tilapia and its base strains, as well as 7 additional farmed strains worldwide. The frequency of SCAR marker Ⅰ （553 bp） was 85.7% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 16.7% in the base strain. The frequency of SCAR marker Ⅱ （558 bp） was 91.4% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 0% 70% in the 7 other strains. In order to confirm the utility of these two markers, an examination was conducted for a wild population from Egypt, resulted the frequency of SCAR Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 10% and 70%, respectively, much lower than that of New GIFT strain. The increase in allele frequency of these two SCAR markers suggests that these markers might be genetically linked to the quantitative trait loci （QTL） underlining the performance traits by long term selection, and indicate the bright potential of SCAR marker technology for tracking generations during selection progress and for distinguishing among genetically improved strain and other strains.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of FTZ-F1 in the GIFT tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

The FTZ-F1 genes encode orphan receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily and in mammals have been found to play important roles in the proper development of the adrenal-gonadal axis and sex-determination.We isolated the homologue of FTZ-F1 in genetically improved farmed tilapia(gfFTZ-F1).The full-length cDNA was isolated from the ovary,which included an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 486 amino acids.Sequence,tissue distribution and phylogenic analysis of the FTZ-F1 showed that the gfFTZ-F1 belonged to SF-1/Ad4BP group and that gfFTZ-F1 transcripts were only expressed in the gonads and kidney but not in other tissues.Likewise our data suggests that the gfFTZ-F1 gene may share similar functions with other fish and mammalian counterparts,though further study is needed to make any definitive conclusions.

基于MILP的GIFT积分区分器搜索及优化

Banik等提出的轻量级分组密码GIFT算法已经入选了NIST针对国际轻量级密码算法开展的标准化竞赛的最终轮。目前已有针对其的线性分析、差分分析等的相关研究,但针对GIFT的积分分析仍待进一步研究。针对GIFT在积分密码分析过程中可分路径表达冗余的问题,提出了基于混合整数线性规划模型的积分区分器搜索求解和优化算法。首先对GIFT算法创建MILP积分分析模型,利用可分性质分别对GIFT算法的线性层和非线性层进行刻画。对线性层利用传播规则进行表达;对非线性S盒在传播规则的基础上使用贪心算法对表达式进行精简优化,得到了15个不等式作为约束条件。经过MILP求解后,得到64个9轮积分区分器。在此基础上,针对基于贪心算法的MILP求解模型精确度不足问题,引入MILP模型对S盒的可分性质进行重新表达,设计基于MILP的约简算法对GIFT积分区分器搜索进行优化,并重新求解MILP模型,最高得到了3个13轮的积分区分器。因此,基于MILP的S盒新约简算法可以优化S盒可分性质的表达,有效增加对GIFT算法的积分区分器攻击轮数,提高积分攻击效果。

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of FTZ-F1 in the GIFT tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

The FTZ-F1 genes encode orphan receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily and in mammals have been found to play important roles in the proper development of the adrenal-gonadal axis and sex-determination.We isolated the homologue of FTZ-F1 in genetically improved farmed tilapia(gfFTZ-F1).The full-length cDNA was isolated from the ovary,which included an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 486 amino acids.Sequence,tissue distribution and phylogenic analysis of the FTZ-F1 showed that the gfFTZ-F1 belonged to SF-1/Ad4BP group and that gfFTZ-F1 transcripts were only expressed in the gonads and kidney but not in other tissues.Likewise our data suggests that the gfFTZ-F1 gene may share similar functions with other fish and mammalian counterparts,though further study is needed to make any definitive conclusions.

A Pathological Study of GIFT Strain of Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)Infected by Streptococcus agalactiae

[Objectives] This study aimed to determine the infection pathway and target organs of Streptococcus agalactiae in GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, thus providing theoretical basis for the breeding of disease-resistant tilapia and development of S. agalactiae vaccines.[Methods] GIFT strain of Nile tilapia was inoculated by S. agalactiae through intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage and in vitro immersion. The gill, spleen, liver and small intestine tissues of infected tilapia were collected for pathomorphological observation. Immunohistochemical localization was conducted using rabbit anti- S. agalactiae serum to identify the distribution pattern of S. agalactiae in various tissues of tilapia and its target organs via different infection pathways.[Results] GIFT strain of Nile tilapia could be infected by S. agalactiae via three artificial inoculation modes. Specifically, pathological changes occurred at 2 h post-inoculation in intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage groups, whereas tilapia in in vitro immersion group showed pathological changes at 5 h post-inoculation, and the lesion intensity in in vitro immersion group was slighter than that in intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage groups. Immunohistochemical localization indicated that the appearance time of positive signals in intraperitoneal injection group demonstrated an order of spleen→liver and gill→small intestine; positive signals in oral gavage group appeared in the order of small intestine→gill and spleen→liver; the appearance time of positive signals in in vitro immersion group showed an order of gill→spleen→liver and small intestine.[Conclusions] GIFT strain of Nile tilapia could be infected by S. agalactiae via intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage and in vitro immersion. The corresponding positive signals for pathogen infection were preferentially present in the spleen, intestine and gill tissues. Thus, preventing S. agalactiae contamination in aquaculture water and food sources is an effective measure to control the outbreak of S. agalactiae infections in tilapia under natural aquaculture conditions.

Effect of cooking processes on tilapia aroma and potential umami perception

Tilapia is a freshwater fish group with a sustainable prospect but suffers off-notes appearing during cooking processes.To promote pleasant odorants by thermal cooking processes,tilapia fillets were cooked in different ways(roasting,microwave-heating,boiling and steaming).Their aroma profiles were analysed with special focus on off-notes and umami-enhancing odorants by principal component analysis,and correlated with the heating time,colour,moisture and water activity by partial least squares regression analysis.Results showed that the“green”and“earthy”off-notes were highly correlated with the boiling process(excess of water,short heating time),while most of the umami-enhancing odorants had a high association with the roasting process(low water content,long heating time,better Maillard reaction).This study indicated that roasting is the most adapted cooking process promoting Maillard-derived aromas,umami-enhancing aromas and meanwhile,reducing off-notes.This research helps in understanding the off-note generation in tilapia and promoting desirable umami-enhancing odorants.

Enhancing Security by Using GIFT and ECC Encryption Method in Multi-Tenant Datacenters

Data security and user privacy have become crucial elements in multi-tenant data centers.Various traffic types in the multi-tenant data center in the cloud environment have their characteristics and requirements.In the data center network(DCN),short and long flows are sensitive to low latency and high throughput,respectively.The traditional security processing approaches,however,neglect these characteristics and requirements.This paper proposes a fine-grained security enhancement mechanism(SEM)to solve the problem of heterogeneous traffic and reduce the traffic completion time(FCT)of short flows while ensuring the security of multi-tenant traffic transmission.Specifically,for short flows in DCN,the lightweight GIFT encryption method is utilized.For Intra-DCN long flows and Inter-DCN traffic,the asymmetric elliptic curve encryption algorithm(ECC)is utilized.The NS-3 simulation results demonstrate that SEM dramatically reduces the FCT of short flows by 70%compared to several conventional encryption techniques,effectively enhancing the security and anti-attack of traffic transmission between DCNs in cloud computing environments.Additionally,SEM performs better than other encryption methods under high load and in largescale cloud environments.

基于FPGA的GIFT分组密码算法实现

GIFT算法作为PRESENT算法的改进版本,结构上更加简洁高效,在FPGA上运行时,性能仍然存在提升空间。对此提出了一种新的实现方案,通过将算法的40轮迭代计算优化为20轮迭,并将加解密与轮密钥生成操作并行执行。在xc6slx16 FPGA平台综合后,频率可达194 MHz,吞吐量可达1.2 Gbps,消耗时钟周期21个,结果表明,所提方法相比现有工作具有更好的性能表现和更少的时钟周期消耗,实现在FPGA上高速运行是切实可行的。

Impacts of Climate Change on Economic Performance of Tilapia Pond Operations in Minalin, Pampanga: A Case of Intensive Large-Scale Pond Culture

Pampanga is the top tilapia-producing province in Philippines. One of its municipalities, Minalin, is considered as one of its major centers of production. This study aims to determine the impacts of climate change hazards on the economic performance of tilapia-intensive pond culture in Minalin, Pampanga considering the threats to the industry, livelihoods, and food security. Results revealed that the economic performance of tilapia pond operations using semi-intensive large-scale culture was affected by climate change, as reflected in the reduction of yield among tilapia pond operators. This makes intensive tilapia pond farming in Minalin still a viable venture but will now require more than a year to pay for investment (variable and fixed) costs if under climate change risks. The study recommends strengthening capacity building related to climate-smart tilapia farming technologies for pond operators and to implement appropriate technologies to address climate change risks.

Water Quality and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia Fries Fed on Insect-Based Feeds

Fish feed is one of the main constraints on the growth of aquaculture in Kenya. The lack of high-quality and competitively priced feeds means that the fish farmers are unable to expand their production. To ensure that aquaculture remains viable and sustainable, it is necessary to optimize production through the utilization of locally available feeding materials. Insect-based feeds are alternative least-cost feeding resource in fish production. Using alternative protein sources such as black soldier fly larvae (BSF) and daphnia meal in place of fishmeal (Omena and Dagaa) is an ingenious strategy for sustainable fish aquaculture. This study evaluated the effect of four treatments: BSF, daphnia, Omena from Lake Victoria and Dagaa from Lake Tanganyika on the fish pond environmental parameters and fish fries’ performance (body weight and length). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 30 fingerlings in each experimental unit. The feeding trials took 23 days. Results indicated that the four treatments have a varied effect on the BW and L of fish fries. A high growth rate was observed in Daphia, followed by BSF, Omena and Dagaa in that order. On the other hand, the treatments have varied effects on pond parameters with BSF promoting too much growth of algae. BSF have higher amounts of ammonia, nitrates and phosphorus, which stimulate the high growth of algae.

基于英文经典短篇小说的“以读促写”实践探讨——以欧·亨利短篇小说The Gift of the Magi为例

立足于教师教学实践与学生的实战操练,以阅读欧·亨利的经典短篇小说The Gift of the Magi为途径,研究该小说的写作风格、写作技巧和语言风格,以实现学生读后促写的顺利迁移,进一步提升学生读后续写情节与细节刻画能力。

广东罗非鱼无乳链球菌分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

本研究旨在明确当前罗非鱼无乳链球菌流行状况和生物学特性,为鱼源无乳链球菌病防控提供新的数据。本研究于2019—2020年,从广东罗非鱼主养区茂名、湛江地区采集病样进行无乳链球菌的分离鉴定。用PCR方法对分离株血清型及4个主要毒力基因进行检测,通过纸片法对分离菌株进行31种抗菌药物药敏试验和多重耐药研究,利用斑马鱼模型进行了致病性试验。结果显示:从261份病样中分离到35株无乳链球菌;血清型检测表明无乳链球菌分离株的血清型均为Ia型;主要毒力基因的检测证明,cylE、sodA、gapC基因在所有鱼源分离株及人源、牛源和鱼源参考株中检出率均为100%,而scpB只在人源参考菌株中检出;药敏试验结果发现,无乳链球菌分离株对19种抗菌药敏感率为90%以上,对6种抗菌药耐药率为50%以上,分离株的耐药基因型和表型部分一致,无乳链球菌分离株均多重耐药,其中5重及以上耐药的菌株为27株,占总菌株数的77.1%;斑马鱼致病试验表明,无乳链球菌分离株可导致斑马鱼不同程度的发病死亡。本研究明确了当前罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的血清型、毒力基因、耐药特性和致病性,为广东乃至全国罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的防控提供了参考。

“外察”与“内省”:环境威胁引发的绿色消费意愿研究——基于道德情绪的双路径模型

营销学者在探究绿色消费议题方面做了众多开创性工作,然而针对诱因不同的环境威胁是否及通过怎样的心理路径影响消费者绿色消费意愿的研究仍然匮乏。本文将环境威胁分为自然因素引发的环境威胁和人为因素引发的环境威胁两类,通过4组实验检验了两类环境威胁影响消费者绿色消费意愿的心理机制。研究结果证实了无论哪类环境威胁,都会对绿色产品购买行为产生积极影响,但不同类型的环境威胁会通过差异化认知过程和情绪反应影响绿色产品购买行为。当消费者面对自然因素引发的环境威胁时,其“外察”思维模式会起主导作用,此时敬畏感是促进绿色产品购买意愿的中介变量;当消费者面对人为因素引发的环境威胁时,其“内省”思维模式会起主导作用,此时内疚感是促进绿色产品购买意愿的中介变量。研究也证实了环境威胁对道德情绪的影响会受自然联结性和道德提升感的调节。

Effects of Garcinia kola “Bitter Kola” Powder on Sex Reversal, Survival and Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

This study was carried out in 2022 at the Itato agriculture community estate of fish hatchery in eastern Senegal with the aim of finding an alternative method to 17-α-methyl testosterone (MT) by using Garcinia kola “Bitter kola” powder to obtain Oreochromis niloticus male sex populations. 1800 fry of average size between 0.01 and 0.02 g were distributed in 12 aboveground tanks of 1 m3 each at a rate of 150 individuals/tank, following 6 duplicate treatments. The negative (B1 and B2) and positive (B3 and B4) control diets, to which between 0 and 60 mg/kg of 17alpha-methyl testosterone had been added respectively, were mixed with industrial feed containing 40% protein;the tank diets (B5 and B6), (B7 and B8), (B9 and B10) and (B11 and B12) contained 10 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g of Garcinia kola powder respectively for 1 kg of industrial feed con-taining 40% protein. These different treatments resulted in high proportions of males in the order of 97.03%;98.09% for the hormone and proportions of 94.03%;93.26% for 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts. In terms of weight growth, the best average weights for the hormone and Garcinia kola were 0.896 g and 0.980 g respectively. With regard to fish survival, the following results were recorded: 95.53% and 94.56% respectively for additions of 20 g and 30 g of Garcinia kola extracts to the feed supplied to the fish. On the other hand, a significant difference in the mortality rate of 35% and 5% respectively for the conventional hormone and 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts was observed. To conclude the study, it is recommended that further studies be carried out to determine the quality of the flesh, their life stages and the profile of the amino acids present in their proteins.

认证加密算法SUNDAE-GIFT的故障分析

SUNDAE-GIFT算法是以GIFT-128为底层分组密码的认证加密算法,入选了美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)举办的轻量级标准化项目的第二轮评选,能够保护数据传输时的机密性、完整性并认证数据源,可以广泛应用于物联网中射频识别标签、智能卡、传感器等资源受限的嵌入式设备。本文结合SUNDAE-GIFT密码的设计结构和实现特点,实现了SUNDAE-GIFT的故障分析,在加密过程中的底层分组密码GIFT-128中注入故障,并分析密文破译密码。这是首次针对SUNDAE-GIFT的统计故障分析,实验表明,SEI、HW和MLE区分器分别需要768、576和608个故障即可在短时间内破译SUNDAE-GIFT的128比特主密钥。研究表明,故障分析对SUNDAE-GIFT密码构成了严重威胁,为其它的认证加密算法的安全性分析提供了重要参考。

Implications of The Gift of the Magi for Moral Education of Teenagers From the Perspective of Interaction Ritual Chains

Adolescence is a pivotal moment in shaping one’s character and holds great implications for one’s values and personal growth.The Gift of the Magi by O.Henry portrays how an ordinary young couple in difficult financial circumstances managed to show their love for each other,eulogizing truth,goodness,and beauty in humanity.We conducted a thorough examination of the significance of moral values conveyed in The Gift of the Magi for teenager education using the“situation-emotion-symbol”model that is based on Randall Collins’theory of interaction ritual chains in order to establish an interaction ritual chain model for moral education of teenagers.Our study reveals that situated cognition is useful in constructing the focus of attention for the moral education of teenagers;that shared emotion is the driving force for achieving moral education of teenagers;and that symbolic connections help teenagers put the virtues they’ve learned from The Gift of the Magi into action and provides effective measures that can significantly contribute to the cultivation and implementation of moral education among teenagers.

恋爱期间财产给与的定性及处理

恋爱期间财产给与至少可分为四种类型:彩礼、普通赠与、为履行道德义务之给付以及基于亲密关系之特殊赠与。对于第四种,附解除条件说存在条件过于拟制、条件不适格、恶意促成规则难以适用以及法律效果过于刚性等弊病。在解释论上可通过弹性化其返还后果对其加以改造。在立法论上可借鉴德国无名给与理论,构建我国家事法上基于亲密关系之特殊赠与制度。《婚姻家庭编解释二(征求意见稿)》正式引入“基于婚姻赠与房产”之规则,宜进一步引入“基于亲密关系赠与房产”乃至“基于亲密关系之大额财产特殊赠与”规则。恋爱期间所赠大额财产的返还,应秉持比例原则,返还与否以及返还比例主要取决于恋情时长,并考虑分手原因、双方过错等因素。

外源物质对低盐罗非鱼糜蛋白构象及体外消化特性的影响

以微波超声波辅助制备的低盐罗非鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,分析谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TGase)、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(HDP)、结冷胶和三者的复配物(THG)对其水分分布及蛋白质构象的影响;并通过体外模拟消化实验,探究不同外源物质对微波超声波辅助制备的低盐罗非鱼鱼糕体外消化特性的影响。结果表明:添加THG后,鱼糜结合水和不易流动水较空白组分别增加98.71%和14.75%,自由水含量显著减少(P<0.05);THG促进了α-螺旋向β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲结构转化。与空白组相比,添加0.4%TGase和THG对低盐罗非鱼糕的胃排空速度、蛋白体外消化率及蛋白水解度均有正面作用;其中THG可显著促进蛋白质分解成粒径较小的聚集体(P<0.05),经胃-十二指肠消化结束后的消化产物颜色更加透明清晰,从激光共聚焦显微镜可观察到THG组的红色荧光亮点显著减少,反映其蛋白被消化得较为完全。由此可见,在THG的作用下,鱼糜中水分子与蛋白质结合更紧密,相对于单一的外源物质,THG更加明显地改变了蛋白质的构象,且更有利于疏水蛋白基团的暴露和蛋白间的相互作用,且对鱼糕的消化有促进作用。本研究的结果为罗非鱼糜凝胶特性研究及罗非鱼糕类食品的开发与应用提供理论参考。