Simulation and Prediction on Space-Time Distribution of Water Quality in Dianchi Lake

It is very important in pollution treatment to clarify the space-time distribution of water quality in Dianchi Lake. Based on the sample data obtained from 10 observation stations every month from 2008 to 2009, it uses space-time semi-variogram and ordinary kriging method to simulate the space-time variance and distribution of water quality indictors (TN, TP, BOD, CODMn, DO, Chlorophyl-α, etc.). Because the space-time semivariogram also has a certain of ex-trapolation function. From the simulation results, the pollution is mainly concentrated at the North (Caohai) and the Southwest area (Haikou), and water pollution has a increase trend.

Space-time Dynamics of Dendroctonus valens Population in China and Spatial Sampling Technique based on Its Spatial Distribution Pattern

Red turpentine beetle （RTB）, Dendroctongs valens LeConte, is a destructive forest invasive species in China, it mainly attacks Pings tabuliformis and P. bungeana. So far it has spread rapidly to the provinces of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Beijing since its first outbreak in Shanxi Province in 1998, and has caused extensive tree mortality. Space-time dynamics of D. valens population and spatial sampling technique based on its spatial distribution pattern were ana- lyzed using geostatistical methods in the pure P. tabuliforis forests and mixedwood stands which were at different damage levels. According to the spatial distribu- tion of D. valeas population, the specific spatial sampling technique was also studied, and then was compared with traditional sampling technique. The spatial sam- piing technique combined with sampling theory and the biological characteristics of D. valens population, which not only could calcnlate the error of the sampling, but also could discuss the optimal sampling number and the optimum size of plot according to different damage levels and different stand types. This helps to explain population expansion and colonization mechanism of D. valens, and to provide a good reference for adopting snitable control measures.

A Method for Improving Power Distribution Characteristics of Space Time Block Codes

Improving power distribution characteristics of space time block codes(STBCs),namely peak to average power ratio(PAPR),average to minimum power ratio(Ave/min),and probability of transmitting"zero"by antenna,makes easier their practical implementation.To this end,this study proposes to multiply full diversity STB C with a non-singular matrix in multiple input multiple output(MIMO)or multiple input single output(MISO)systems with linear or maximum likelihood(ML)receivers.It is proved that the obtained code achieves full diversity and the order of detection complexity does not change.The proposed method is applied to different types of STBCs.The bit error rate(BER)and power distribution characteristics of the new codes demonstrate the superiority of the introduced method.Further,lower and upper bounds on the BER of the obtained STBCs are derived for all receivers.The proposed method provides trade-off among PAPR,spectral efficiency,energy efficiency,and BER.

On analyzing space-time distribution of evaporation duct height over the global ocean

The statistical features of the evaporation duct over the global ocean were comprehensively investigated with reanalysis data sets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. These data sets have time and spatial resolutions of 1 h and 0.313°x0.312°, respectively. The efficiency of the analysis was evaluated by processing weather buoy data from the Pacific Ocean and measuring propagation loss in the Yellow Sea of China. The distribution features of evaporation duct height （EDH） and the related meteorological factors for different seas were analyzed. The global EDH is generally high and demonstrates a latitudinal distribution for oceans at low latitudes. The average EDH is approximately 11 m over oceans beside the equator with a latitude of less than 20°. The reasons for the formation of the global EDH features were also analyzed for different sea areas.

Joint DOA and time delay estimation method for space-time coherent distributed signals based on search

Under dense urban fading environment, performance of joint multi-path parameter estimation method based on traditional point signal model degrades seriously. In this paper, a new space and time signal model based on multipath distribution function is given after new space and time manifold is reconstructed. Then joint spacetime signal subspace is obtained by converting acquired channel from time domain to frequency domain .Then space and time spectrum is formulated by the space sub-matrix and time sub-matrix taken out of joint space-time signal subspace, and parameters are estimated by searching the minimum eigenvalues of the space matrix and the time matrix. Lastly, A space and time parameters matching process is performed by using the orthogonal property between joint noise subspace and the space-time manifold. In contrast with tradition MUSIC, the algorithm we present here only need two 1- dimension searching and was not sensitive to different distribution function.

Distribution of Random Session Key Based on Key-Insulated Public-Key Cryptosystems

Based on the characteristic of key-insulated public-key cryptosystem, wepropose a distributed landora session keys distribution protocol without a key distribution center.The session key is generated by different user and only used one time. So thekey is one-time key. Inaddition, the user who generates the next one-time key, is random selected by the current sessionkey. In the protocol of this paper, the characteristic of time in the key-insulated public-key, adistributed protocol, translates into the characteristic of spaee which every point has differentsecret key in the different period. At the same time, the system is fit for key management in AdHoe, and is a new scheme of key management in Ad Hoc.

Was Polchinski Wrong? Colombeau Distributional Rindler Space-Time with Distributional Levi-CivitàConnection Induced Vacuum Dominance. Unruh Effect Revisited

The vacuum energy density of free scalar quantum field in a Rindler distributional space-time with distributional Levi-Cività connection is considered. It has been widely believed that, except in very extreme situations, the influence of acceleration on quantum fields should amount to just small, sub-dominant contributions. Here we argue that this belief is wrong by showing that in a Rindler distributional background space-time with distributional Levi-Cività connection the vacuum energy of free quantum fields is forced, by the very same background distributional space-time such a Rindler distributional background space-time, to become dominant over any classical energy density component. This semiclassical gravity effect finds its roots in the singular behavior of quantum fields on a Rindler distributional space-times with distributional Levi-Cività connection. In particular we obtain that the vacuum fluctuations have a singular behavior at a Rindler horizon . Therefore sufficiently strongly accelerated observer burns up near the Rindler horizon. Thus Polchinski’s account doesn’t violate the Einstein equivalence principle.

Spatial Distribution of <i>Anopheles sinensis</i>and Its Relationship with Natural Environmental Factors in Wanning County on Hainan Island, China

Anopheles sinensis is widely distributed in Wanning County, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of Anopheles sinensis in order to maintain the elimination of malaria in Wanning. During May and October 2009, we sampled adult mosquitoes at 36 villages within Wanning County on Hainan island, and collected meteorological and geographical data at each sampling site. We used these data to analyze the spatial distribution of adult Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes, and logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association of the spatial distribution of Anopheles sinensis with the geographical and meteorological factors. We found that the density of Anopheles sinensis showed a significant positive spatial correlation. From May to October, on the whole, the high-density area was located in the central part of Wanning County. But each month there was a relatively high-density cluster, and their location and range were not exactly the same. From east to west, the density of Anopheles sinensis increased initially and then decreased, but from south to north, there were different trends in the periods of May to August and September to October. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main environmental factors related with the distribution of Anopheles sinensis were land use type, soil type, distance to road, air pressure and relative humidity. These analysis results showed that the distribution of Anopheles sinensis had obvious spatial heterogeneity in Wanning County, which was related with geographical and meteorological factors. The mechanism of these environmental factors on the distribution of Anopheles sinensis needs to be further studied.

Hydraulic modeling of an anaerobic expanded bed reactor for municipal sewage treatment

Anaerobic expanded bed reactor(AEBR) is mostly used for the treatment of fairly low strength wastewaters. Since the performance of AEBR largely depends on its hydraulic characteristics, residence time distribution(RTD) method is commonly used for investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of AEBR under different ascending velocity of mixed liquor. In this paper, a pilot-scale AEBR reactor is investigated for treatment of municipal sewage in which lithium chloride is used as a tracer. The results show that the AEBR could be considered as the superimposition of several constant stirred tank reactors(CSTR) and the increase of hydraulic up-flow velocity could increase the number of the CSTR and decrease the volume rate of the dead zone. The optimal up-flow velocity of the investigated AEBR was approximately 1.9 m/h in the municipal sewage treatment.

Genesis and significance of quartz cement in sandstones

Quartz cement as syntaxial overgrowths is one of the most abundant cements in sandstones. Distribution of quartz cement in time and space indicates that the more younger the stratigraphy is, the more smaller the amount of quartz cement, and the amount of quartz cement increases with increasing of depth and basin type also is a factor which controls the amount of quartz cement. The sources of silica for quartz cement have many different opinions, but there is one or more dominant sources. Temperature and pH of fluid are major factors which influence the precipitation of quartz cement. There exist three hypotheses on the flow of pore fluid and transport and precipitation of silica, that is, the hypothesis of cycle of shallow underground water, the hypothesis of high concentration of fluid driven by compaction and the hypothesis of diffusion and recycle of local fluid. The research of quartz cement is significant for the timing of paleotemperature, heterogeneity of reservoir, physical property of reservoir and the timing of oil immersion, etc.

Improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding

An improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding （WCD- DSTBC） is proposed, which effectively achieves diversity gains and improves the performance of the system by sharing some single-antenna users＇ antennas to form a virtual antenna array and combining with distributed spacetime block coding （DSTBC） mode. Then the relation between the system BER and the interuser BER for WCDDSTBC scheme is theoretically derived and the closed-form expression of BER for WCD-DSTBC system is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed WCD-DSTBC scheme achieves distinct gains over the non-cooperative multi-carrier CDMA （MC-CDMA） system. When system BER is le-3 and interuser BER is le-3, about 2.5 dB gain can be gotten. When interuser channel state information （CSI） outgoes the users＇ individual CSI, about 3 dB gain is also achieved.

Space-Time Properties as Quantum Effects. Restrictions Imposed by Grothendieck’s Scheme Theory

In this paper we consider properties of the four-dimensional space-time manifold M caused by the proposition that, according to the scheme theory, the manifold M is locally isomorphic to the spectrum of the algebra A, M &cong;Spec (A), where A is the commutative algebra of distributions of quantum-field densities. Points of the manifold M are defined as maximal ideals of density distributions. In order to determine the algebra A, it is necessary to define multiplication on densities and to eliminate those densities, which cannot be multiplied. This leads to essential restrictions imposed on densities and on space-time properties. It is found that the only possible case, when the commutative algebra A exists, is the case, when the quantum fields are in the space-time manifold M with the structure group SO (3, 1) (Lorentz group). The algebra A consists of distributions of densities with singularities in the closed future light cone subset. On account of the local isomorphism M &cong;Spec (A) , the quantum fields exist only in the space-time manifold with the one-dimensional arrow of time. In the fermion sector the restrictions caused by the possibility to define the multiplication on the densities of spinor fields can explain the chirality violation. It is found that for bosons in the Higgs sector the charge conjugation symmetry violation on the densities of states can be observed. This symmetry violation can explain the matter-antimatter imbalance. It is found that in theoretical models with non-abelian gauge fields instanton distributions are impossible and tunneling effects between different topological vacua | n> do not occur. Diagram expansion with respect to the -algebra variables is considered.

城市地区场次降雨时空展布方法研究

受气候变化和城市规模不断扩张等因素影响,城市地区降雨过程的时空动态性愈发明显,通常采用的点、面雨量等表达方式难以体现这种时空动态性。随着降雨观测技术的进步,大多城市积累了长序列降雨观测数据,其中蕴含了丰富的降雨时空过程信息,为预报降雨或设计降雨的时空展布提供了可能。设计了一套降雨时空展布方法,包括数据收集、标准化处理、降雨场次划分、时空模式提取、标准网格插值、时空展布等环节,并提出每个环节的处理步骤和关键问题。以北京市为例,对该技术方法进行了验证,选择了12 h、24 h、72 h 3个历时的场次降雨,提取的时空模式和展布结果表达出了场次降雨的时空动态性,并与历史的降雨过程表现出很好的匹配性。表明该方法可用于城市地区降雨典型模式提取,以及降雨过程的时空展布。该方法利用历史降雨数据提取降雨展布模板,输入场次降雨(或预报降雨)的总雨量,得到该场次降雨的时空分布过程,展布结果可为洪水预报提供更为准确的降雨输入条件。

重大突发公共卫生事件中的方舱医院建设情景重建研究

方舱医院建设是应对各类重大突发公共卫生事件的一项重要举措。现有研究大多从医学或政府管理视角定性地探讨方舱医院发挥的重要作用,还鲜有从情景重建视角研究方舱医院床位扩容的最优时空分布。本文首先构建针对重大突发公共卫生事件演化的SEIHRD模型,继而将方舱医院床位扩容问题构建为有限应急资源分配组合优化模型并设计免疫优化算法进行求解。测试结果显示,本文所给出的方舱医院床位扩容时空分布优化方案,能够对重大突发公共卫生事件中的方舱医院建设情景进行有效重建。方舱医院床位数量及其时间节点设置对累计感染者人数具有显著影响,这表明在疫情暴发初期尽早设立方舱医院,能够有效提升收治率、减少总感染人数。同时也要注意,应急救援资金投入存在阈值效应,需要设计合理的方舱医院床位扩容方案以避免应急预算资源的过度浪费。

新疆中亚造山带铁矿床地质特征、时空分布和找矿方向

在前人研究和野外调查基础上,文章综述了新疆中亚造山带铁及铁多金属矿地质特征、时空分布规律、构造环境和找矿方向。铁及铁多金属矿主要为岩浆型、海相火山岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG型、岩浆热液脉型、沉积变质型和沉积型,其中海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型是主要类型,主要分布于南阿尔泰、东天山和西天山,少量分布在准噶尔、北山和西南天山。6个主要成矿期:新元古代青白口纪、中-晚志留世、泥盆纪(376~411 Ma)、石炭纪(301~337 Ma)、早-中二叠世(262~295 Ma)和晚三叠世—中侏罗世,其中泥盆纪和石炭纪为主要成矿期。新疆中亚造山带在前寒武纪陆块、洋-陆俯冲增生、陆-陆碰撞、后造山伸展和陆内等地质过程形成了不同类型的铁矿床。泥盆纪—石炭纪为与板块俯冲有关的大洋岛弧和陆缘弧环境,主要形成海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型;二叠纪为后碰撞环境,主要形成岩浆型和矽卡岩型;晚三叠世—中侏罗世为陆内伸展环境。今后的找矿部署是主攻西天山阿吾拉勒,深化南阿尔泰、东天山阿齐山-雅满苏-沙泉子和梧桐沟-天湖矿集区,加快评价准噶尔北缘、伊什基里克和莫托沙拉-库米什矿集区。

基于D2D通信和虚拟MIMO的飞行器集群网络传输方案设计

在无中心飞行器集群网络中,非直通条件节点间不同的中继路径可能导致较大路径损耗落差,为有限资源前提下网络传输能力的提升带来困难。参考5G移动通信中的终端直通(Device to Device,D2D)技术与中继通信中的虚拟多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)技术,提出一套D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的无中心飞行器集群网络传输方案。重点研究在正交资源模式下,将不同的协作传输协议与空时编码进行组合,在信噪比、误比特率、接入概率等方面对通信性能的影响。仿真结果表明:D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的传输方案在不增加资源的前提下,对集群网络的通信性能有明显提升,且引入分布式空时编码可进一步优化误比特率性能,但3种传输协议在不同传输质量评价方向的改善有所不同。

中国古代人参的时空分布与近现代野生人参资源分布现状

人参是我国著名的中药材,早在两千多年前就已经被发现于山西上党地区,并记载于本草古籍中。随着朝代更替,在人类活动和生态环境不断变化的双重影响下,我国的人参资源由太行山区、燕山山区、东北山区逐渐向东北方向转移,近现代则仅存于我国东北一隅。对古代本草书籍和地理历史文献进行分析,从中整理出古代人参的朝代与产地变迁过程,总结归纳古代人参产地的时空分布变迁原因,并就近现代野生人参资源的分布进行深入分析,为野生人参的研究和保护提供参考。

缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响

【目的】运用缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花进行化学封顶试验,研究其对棉花成铃及光合特性的影响,为缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃调控和光合特性的研究应用提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2022年4~10月在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行,供试棉花品种为新陆中84号,试验药剂以缩节胺和助剂为主,分别复配噻苯隆(0.1%,T_(1))、复硝酚钠(98%原药,T_(2))、胺鲜酯(8%制剂,T_(3))、14-羟基芸苔素(0.01%,T_(4))和萘乙酸(98%原药,T_(5)),以常规缩节胺封顶为对照(CK),共6个处理,分析缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响。【结果】各处理干物质积累达到最大积累速率的时间在药后20~30 d,净光合速率在药后20 d左右达到最大值,在药后20~30 d棉花进入生殖生长的关键时期,且各复配处理均能提高棉株上中下部内外围铃的坐桃率、净光合速率和干物质积累速率。【结论】T_(5)处理快速积累持续期较CK延长了5 d左右,且棉株中下部内外围铃坐桃率较CK差异显著,下部内外围铃坐桃率分别提高了15.00%和20.00%,中部内外围铃分别提高了24.00%和25.00%,伏桃增加了1.13个,单株结铃数显著增加了0.84个,较CK处理皮棉产量提高了15.48%,T_(5)复配类型化学封顶剂效果好。

空间视觉测量相机地面检测及显示系统

为了给空间视觉测量相机的研制提供测试环境,充分测试空间视觉测量相机的功能及性能,基于相机的工作特点和实际测试需求,设计了空间视觉测量相机的地面检测及显示系统。地面检测及显示系统由一台高性能计算机、一台图像接收设备、图像显示软件和通信软件组成,适用于空间视觉测量相机单机、环境试验等多种情况测试。通信软件采取分布式设计,分为1个中心服务器软件、4个客户端软件;软件采用MFC架构,多线程方式运行,软件间采取TCP/IP协议进行通信。其中中心服务器软件负责与相机之间进行通信,通信协议为RS422;4个客户端软件分别实现对相机的指令控制、遥测数据的显示及监测、自动运行及在轨更新功能验证。经过多次单机测试及超过400 h的环境试验测试,空间视觉测量相机地面检测及显示系统运行稳定,对相机的各项功能及性能均能实现测试覆盖,能够满足相机研制过程中的各项测试及试验需求,提高了相机研制的测试效率。

侧面爆破粉尘时空分布模拟分析

从开放性细颗粒物污染治理角度出发,建立建筑物拆除爆破产尘的几何计算模型,运用计算流体力学(CFD)工具,对给定环境风速下的建筑物周围压力场和速度场进行了模拟分析,并对侧面折叠爆破粉尘按R-R(Rosin-Rammler)分布,使用气流-粒子双向耦合的DPM模型研究了爆炸粉尘的时空分布。结果表明,下风侧因建筑物存在导致风速、压力急剧变化而产生涡流,涡流是影响爆破粉尘时空分布的关键因素之一。在时间上,爆破粉尘有气流拖曳运动状态和扩散态;在空间上,因重力作用致下部空间的粉尘浓度较大。