Time-Domain Analysis of a Wire Antenna Near Arbitrarily Shaped Conductor Bodies

A time domain electric al field integral equation (TDEFIE) is formulated for the problem of a thin wire antenna in the presence of conductor bodies, and this equation is solved by the method of time marching algorithm. The analysis is valid for any arbitrarily shaped, oriented and positioned wire antennas relative to arbitrarily shaped conductor bodies. Current at the excited point, input admittance and radiation pattern are given and agree with the results computed by the method in frequency domain.

Characteristic-Based Time Domain Method for Cylindrically Conformal Microstrip Patch Antennas

The characteristics of a cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna are analyzed by using the characteristic-based time domain （CBTD） method. A governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of cylindrically conformal microstrip patch antennas. The algorithm has second-order accuracy both in time and space domain and has the potential to eliminate the spurious wave reflection from the numerical boundaries of the computational domain, Numerical results demonstrate the important merits and accuracy of the proposed technique in computational electromagnetics,

Terahertz radiation of a butterfly-shaped photoconductive antenna(invited)

The terahertz(THz) far-field radiation properties of a butterfly-shaped photoconductive antenna(PCA) were experimentally studied using a home-built THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) setup.To distinguish the contribution of in-gap photocurrent and antenna structure to far-field radiation,polarization-dependent THz field was measured and quantified as the illuminating laser beam moved along the bias field within the gap region of electrodes. The result suggests that, although the far-field THz radiation originates from the in-gap photocurrent, the antenna structure of butterfly-shaped PCA dominates the overall THz radiation. In addition, to explore the impact of photoconductive material,radiation properties of butterfly-shaped PCAs fabricated on both low-temperature-grown GaAs(LT-GaAs) and semi-insulating GaAs(Si-GaAs) were characterized and compared. Consistent with previous experiments, it is observed that while Si-GaAs-based PCA can emit higher THz field than LT-GaAs-based PCA at low laser power, it would saturate more severely as laser power increased and eventually be surpassed by LT-GaAs-based PCA. Beyond that, it is found the severe saturation effect of Si-GaAs was due to the longer carrier lifetime and higher carrier mobility, which was confirmed by the numerical simulation.

Full-wave analysis and design of microstrip antenna in-pipe for rectenna using FDTD method

The circular polarized microstrip antenna in the stainless pipe is analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method with PML absorbing boundary condition. The microstrip antenna is used as a microwave energy supply element for the in-pipe micromachine inspecting. The numerical results agree well with the measured ones.

Design of continuous long slot leaky-wave antenna for millimeter wave application

A simple and efficient design scheme of the continuous long slot leaky-wave antenna is developed. The key steps involved in the scheme are summarized. First, the cut-off frequencies of slot waveguides with different slot offsets are obtained by 3D finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method, Second, the attenuation function a^a is estimated by the aperture distribution, and the attenuation function αrs is determined by the slot radiation. Finally, the attenuation function αrs is combined with the attenuation function αrs by the coefficient K. And an example in Ka band is presented. Moreover, the return loss of the E-plane Tee-junction （ET） and the radiation pattern of leaky-wave antenna are simulated. The scheme is verified by comparing with the experimental result.

Bandwidth optimization of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna using binary and real coded genetic algorithms

With the exponential development of mobile communications and the miniaturization of radio frequency transceivers, the need for small and low profile antennas at mobile frequencies is constantly growing. Therefore, new antennas should be developed to provide larger bandwidth and at the same time small dimensions. Although the gain in bandwidth performances of an antenna are directly related to its dimensions in relation to the wavelength, the aim is to keep the overall size of the antenna constant and from there, find the geometry and structure that give the best performance. The design and bandwidth optimization of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) were introduced in order to achieve a larger bandwidth in the 2 GHz band, using two optimization techniques based upon genetic algorithms (GA), namely the Binary Coded GA (BCGA) and Real-Coded GA (RCGA). During the optimization process, the different PIFA models were evaluated using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method-a technique belonging to the general class of differential time domain numerical modeling methods.

全光纤耦合式太赫兹近场探针光谱成像系统

通过对太赫兹光电导探针天线与飞秒倍频光路进行光纤模块化封装,并结合光纤耦合式太赫兹光电导天线辐射源,以及自主研制设计的光纤飞秒激光光源和光纤式高速光学延时线,开发了一种全光纤耦合式太赫兹近场探针光谱成像系统,其光谱范围覆盖0.1~2.0 THz,动态范围达到60 dB,光谱采样速度高达0.1 s/谱,近场成像分辨率优于20μm的全光纤耦合式太赫兹近场探针光谱成像系统。得益于整套系统的全光纤结构设计,太赫兹辐射源和探针式探测器之间可以根据测量需求灵活调节而不需要重新校准光路,极大地提高了系统的工作稳定性和使用方便性。该研究为太赫兹科学研究提供了一种高性能且实用性强的太赫兹近场光谱成像测量系统。

RESEARCH ON INDOOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FIELD OF MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM

The complexity of the indoor environment brings great challenges to predict the electromagnetic radiation field of multiple antenna systems. Based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm, using the mobile phone shielding device as the multiple antenna systems example, the mobile phone shielding device's indoor electromagnetic radiation field is researched by measurment method and simulation method. The effectivity of prediction method is verified by comparing the prediciton results with the measurment results. About 80% of the error can be controlled less than dB. The quantitative research has certain guiding significance to the prediction of the multiple antenna systems radio wave propagation.

Optimization of band-notched UWB antenna using micro-genetic algorithm combined with FDTD

The micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) optimization combined with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to design a band-notched ultra wide-band (UWB) antenna. A U-type slot on a stepped U-type UWB monopole is used to obtain the band-notched characteristic for 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The measured results show that voltage standing wave ration (VSWR) less than 2 covers 3.1-10.6 GHz operating band and VSWR more than 2 is within 5.150-5.825 GHz notched one with the highest value of 5.6. Agreement among the calculated, HFSS simulated and measured results validates the effiectiveness of this MGA-FDTD method, which is efficient for UWB antennas design.

Ricker脉冲功率合成方法及辐射效率

针对时域天线辐射效率低的问题,对Ricker脉冲展开了研究。首先指出Ricker脉冲具有较高的中心频率,对提高天线的辐射效率大有裨益。然后从时延量精确控制出发,阐述了产生Ricker脉冲的功率合成方法,并推导出合成高阶高斯脉冲最优延时的理论公式。设计了一款单极脉冲源并采用锐化电容法优化了其下降沿,并以该单级脉冲源为基础,设计了一款峰峰值为5.1 kV,主峰半峰值脉宽为350 ps的Ricker脉冲源,其中心频率为0.5 GHz。为了验证以上分析的正确性,针对全金属的时域天线,提出了一种计算辐射效率的简便方法,并利用设计的Ricker脉冲和具有相同脉宽的单极脉冲来激励相同的天线。结果表明,单极脉冲的幅度辐射效率只有60%左右,而Ricker脉冲可以达到80%以上;单极脉冲的功率辐射效率不到40%,而Ricker脉冲则可以提高到60%以上。利用Ricker脉冲做为激励信号,大幅提升了天线的辐射效率,大大减小了发射系统被反射功率损坏的风险,同时对天线小型化有着重要意义,在诸如探地雷达、高功率微波源等时域应用中具有广泛的应用前景。

高保真度超高频局放检测天线研究

设计了一款用于超高频局放检测的超宽带椭圆缝隙天线.该天线具有时域保真度高、尺寸较小、馈电简单等特点.测试结果表明,天线在300~1500 MHz频段内的回波损耗低于-10 dB,平均等效高度15.7 mm,满足局放检测天线的指标要求.通过CST Microwave Studio软件对其时域波形保真度进行仿真计算分析,对局放检测时天线的摆放方向提供参考.结果表明,椭圆缝隙天线在一些角度上的保真度超过0.9,能较好地还原局部放电波形,同时天线较小的尺寸也能更好地适应局部放电现场检测.

基于稀疏采样的FDTD/TDPO混合优化算法

基于时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)和时域物理光学(time-domain physical optics,TDPO)的混合算法提出用稀疏采样优化近场外推的方法,解决了大口径反射面天线电磁计算用时过长、计算效率低的问题。传统混合算法中馈源的近场外推到反射面天线的步骤计算量较大,稀疏采样法从空间和时间两个维度进行间隔采样,减少了此步骤的计算量,从而节省了用时。给出了馈源为喇叭天线、抛物面口径为100个波长的抛物面天线算例,所得计算结果与传统方法相比最大相对误差仅有-36.03 dB,用时最快可缩短为原来的2.51%,与CST软件计算结果对比吻合度较高,用时缩减了93.18%,验证了本文优化算法可在不影响计算精度的前提下提高计算效率。

FDTD分析时域平面TEM喇叭天线阵

运用FDTD对时域天线阵进行仿真分析,并在外场进行测量研究。结果表明:阵列可以提高增益,增强方向性,该阵列天线适合于用作实际的超宽带雷达天线阵。

时域TEM喇叭天线的分析和设计

TEM喇叭是一种超宽带天线,但迄今为止大都是利用频域的概念来研究的。本节从波模理论出发,提出喇叭的开口阻抗不能看作真空波阻抗,它与喇叭尺寸、张角有关;由于冲激脉冲有时序性,反射只与局部结构有关。介绍了实际制作的TEM喇叭天线,并给出了实验结果,表明它具有良好的阻抗匹配特性和波形保真性,对时域天线的研究具有很好的理论和实用价值。

电磁脉冲辐射器近区场数值模拟

电磁脉冲辐射器是便携式电磁脉冲电场屏蔽效能测试设备的关键部分。提出了一套小型电磁脉冲辐射器的方案,并采用时域有限差分法在计算机上模拟了辐射器产生的近区电磁场,结果表明,如果高压脉冲源产生的脉冲电压为双指数波,则通过天线辐射产生的近区场的波形也为双指数波,从而,使近场参数均能达到测试设备所要求的指标,说明所提供电磁脉冲辐射器的方案为可行。

超宽带时域天线阵列延时控制扫描实验

超宽带(UWB)冲激雷达目标探测中时域天线阵列波束延时控制扫描是通过天线阵列单元间精确的延时控制实现的。在介绍UWB时域波束延时控制扫描原理的基础上,研制了用于UWB天线时域波束扫描的延时控制器,其延时步进为50 ps,延时精度可达10 ps。利用该延时控制器对单元间距42 cm的4单元UWB天线阵列H面方向进行了单元间延时控制波束扫描测量,扫描步进角度小于2°。结果显示,在0°,10°,20°和30°扫描时,实际扫描角度分别为-0.5°,10.5°,20°和29.5°,与理论计算值之间误差小于1°。

电磁脉冲测量技术分析

本文设计了一种时域天线,具有超宽带特性,在频带范围内天线端口反射系数小于-10dB(VSWR<2),可以确保电磁脉冲测量的不失真。并且在脉冲测量中用了一种对此时域天线的新的分析方法,即引入了转移函数。根据现有理论可以计算出测量系统所用的同轴传输线的损耗。最后利用宽带示波器显示的测量信号的结果,通过此显示的信号能很容易的计算出需要测量的脉冲信号。

时域天线阵列半功率波束宽度计算

对于冲击雷达系统中的时域天线阵列,提出点源近似模型,用来计算时域超宽带天线阵列辐射瞬态电磁脉冲的场方向图以及辐射波束的半功率波束宽度。采用点源近似模型计算的半功率波束宽度和CST仿真结果一致,并和实验测试结果吻合得很好。实验表明,阵列辐射瞬态电磁脉冲具有波束聚焦特性,点源近似模型可以作为一种简便的方法,对时域天线阵列的参数进行分析。

时域天线阵的测试及其结果分析

将时域天线组成阵列是改善超宽带雷达技术性能一条行之有效的途径;研究时域天线阵辐射或接收的波形变换和畸变规律,是十分必要的;利用虚拟仪器技术,采用LabView软件平台,使用模块化设计思想,实现一套基于示波器和转台协调工作的时域天线阵自动测试系统的设计;通过对天线阵测试结果进行分析,并与FDTD的仿真结果进行对比,得出关于时域天线阵有价值的结论。

时间域有限差分法(FDTD)对井中雷达的数值模拟

为了进一步认识雷达的探测性能,用数值模拟的方法来研究各种地质条件下雷达的信号反应。时间域的麦克斯韦差分方程可以用一系列的差分方程来表达,这个过程叫做时间域有限差分法(FDTD)。该方法可以有效地计算三维空间中电磁场的时间域信号。引入了可包含局部小网格的技术,计算精度和效率都得到了提高,同时,作为发射和接收的偶极子天线的模拟方法也得到了充分的考虑。计算了充水裂缝和一种矿体的井中雷达信号响应。结果表明,井中雷达可以用于探测地下充水裂缝和矿体。