The braking behavior of drivers when a pedestrian comes out from the sidewalk to the road was analyzed using a driving simulator. Based on drivers＇ braking behavior, the braking control timing of the system for avoid...The braking behavior of drivers when a pedestrian comes out from the sidewalk to the road was analyzed using a driving simulator. Based on drivers＇ braking behavior, the braking control timing of the system for avoiding the collision with pedestrians was proposed. In this study, the subject drivers started braking at almost the same time in terms of TTC （Time to Collision）, regardless of the velocity of a subject vehicle and crossing velocity of pedestrians. This experimental result showed that brake timing of the system which can minimize the interference for braking between drivers and the system is 1.3 s of TTC. Next, the drivers＇ braking behavior was investigated when the system controlled braking to avoid collision at this timing. As a result, drivers did not show any change of braking behavior with no excessive interference between braking control by the system and braking operation by drivers for avoiding collisions with pedestrians which is equivalent to the excessive dependence on the system.展开更多
The conventional car-following theory is based on the assumption that vehicles will travel along the center line of lanes. However, according to the field survey data, in complex traffic conditions, a lateral separati...The conventional car-following theory is based on the assumption that vehicles will travel along the center line of lanes. However, according to the field survey data, in complex traffic conditions, a lateral separation between the leader and the follower frequently occurs. Accordingly, by taking lateral separation into account, we redefined the equation of time-to-collision (TTC) using visual angle information. Based on the stimulus-response framework, TTC was introduced into the basic General Motors (GM) model as a stimulus, and a non-lane-based car-following model of steady-state traffic flow was developed. The property of flow-density relationship was further investigated after integrating the proposed car-following model with different parameters. The results imply that the property of steady-state traffic flow and the capacity of each lane are highly relevant to the microscopic staggered car-following behavior, and the proposed model significantly enhances the practicality of the human driving behavior model.展开更多
文摘The braking behavior of drivers when a pedestrian comes out from the sidewalk to the road was analyzed using a driving simulator. Based on drivers＇ braking behavior, the braking control timing of the system for avoiding the collision with pedestrians was proposed. In this study, the subject drivers started braking at almost the same time in terms of TTC （Time to Collision）, regardless of the velocity of a subject vehicle and crossing velocity of pedestrians. This experimental result showed that brake timing of the system which can minimize the interference for braking between drivers and the system is 1.3 s of TTC. Next, the drivers＇ braking behavior was investigated when the system controlled braking to avoid collision at this timing. As a result, drivers did not show any change of braking behavior with no excessive interference between braking control by the system and braking operation by drivers for avoiding collisions with pedestrians which is equivalent to the excessive dependence on the system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70971053)the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (No. 2011AA110304)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100481419)
文摘The conventional car-following theory is based on the assumption that vehicles will travel along the center line of lanes. However, according to the field survey data, in complex traffic conditions, a lateral separation between the leader and the follower frequently occurs. Accordingly, by taking lateral separation into account, we redefined the equation of time-to-collision (TTC) using visual angle information. Based on the stimulus-response framework, TTC was introduced into the basic General Motors (GM) model as a stimulus, and a non-lane-based car-following model of steady-state traffic flow was developed. The property of flow-density relationship was further investigated after integrating the proposed car-following model with different parameters. The results imply that the property of steady-state traffic flow and the capacity of each lane are highly relevant to the microscopic staggered car-following behavior, and the proposed model significantly enhances the practicality of the human driving behavior model.
