Intrinsic Spin Angular Momentum of Electron Relation to the Discrete Indivisible Quantum of Time Kshana or Moment

The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.

Comprehensive applicability evaluation of four precipitation products at multiple spatiotemporal scales in Northwest China

Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest China.Obtaining accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought relief.Currently,the applicability of multi-source precipitation products for long time series in Northwest China has not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,precipitation data from 183 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 were selected to assess the regional applicability of four precipitation products(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series Version 4.07(CRU TS v4.07,hereafter CRU),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM))based on the following statistical indicators:correlation coefficient,root mean square error(RMSE),relative bias(RB),mean absolute error(MAE),probability of detection(POD),false alarm ratio(FAR),and equitable threat score(ETS).The results showed that precipitation in Northwest China was generally high in the east and low in the west,and exhibited an increasing trend from 1979 to 2020.Compared with the station observations,ERA5 showed a larger spatial distribution difference than the other products.The overall overestimation of multi-year average precipitation was approximately 200.00 mm and the degree of overestimation increased with increasing precipitation intensity.The multi-year average precipitation of GPCC and CRU was relatively close to that of station observations.The trend of annual precipitation of TRMM was overestimated in high-altitude regions and the eastern part of Lanzhou with more precipitation.At the monthly scale,GPCC performed well but underestimated precipitation in the Tarim Basin(RB=-4.11%),while ERA5 and TRMM exhibited poor accuracy in high-altitude regions.ERA5 had a large bias(RB≥120.00%)in winter months and a strong dispersion(RMSE≥35.00 mm)in summer months.TRMM showed a relatively low correlation with station observations in winter months(correlation coefficients≤0.70).The capture performance analysis showed that ERA5,GPCC,and TRMM had lower POD and ETS values and higher FAR values in Northwest China as the precipitation intensity increased.ERA5 showed a high capture performance for small precipitation events and a slower decreasing trend of POD as the precipitation intensity increased.GPCC had the lowest FAR values.TRMM was statistically ineffective for predicting the occurrence of daily precipitation events.The findings provide a reference for data users to select appropriate datasets in Northwest China and for data developers to develop new precipitation products in the future.

Logical and Timing Control for Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injection on HT-7

The timing and master control logic （MCL） units are the most important function units of the diagnostic neutral beam （DNB） power supply control system. The units control the operation of nine power supply subsystems of the DNB system, and provide protection for the DNB system from faults such as beam source arc down. Based on the characteristics of the DNB power supply system, the timing and MCL units have been designed, fabricated and tested. Experiments prove that the timing unit is convenient, flexible and reliable, and the MCL is functional.

Demand and deterioration of items per unit time inventory models with shortages using genetic algorithm

Inventory management is a crucial task for any industry.In this paper,we have determined the optimum profit and economical order quantity under variety of assumptions such as the demand per unit time follows either a log-normal or a generalized exponential distribution.Parametric relationship between these two distributions,the proposed models become comparable.For modeling,we consider the expected demand and variable deterioration.Under these probabilistic assumptions,inventory models are developed for situations like no,complete and partial backlogging.Classical methods are unable to solve these situations under these assumptions.Thus genetic algorithm is proposed to solve these models.Economic order quantity is obtained for maximizing the total profit for the respective demand per unit time distributions.A real-world case study of a deteriorated product is presented to illustrate the procedures of the proposed inventory models.

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

本单元知识网络同步讲解Section A1.What time do you go to school?你什么时候去上学?(1)what time意为'什么时候,几点',常用来对具体的时间提问,可以用when替换。如:—What time does Jim go to bed?吉姆什么时候睡觉?—He goes to bed at ten o’clock.他十点钟睡觉。

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

同步讲解Section A1.What time do you go to school?你什么时候上学?(1)what time意为'什么时候,几点',常用来对具体的时间提问,可以用when替换。如:—What time does Jim go to bed?吉姆什么时候睡觉?—He goes to bed at ten o’clock.他十点钟睡觉。