In this paper, we study the scaling for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) of the random walks on a generalized Koch network with a trap. Through the network construction, where the initial state is transformed from...In this paper, we study the scaling for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) of the random walks on a generalized Koch network with a trap. Through the network construction, where the initial state is transformed from a triangle to a polygon, we obtain the exact scaling for the MFPT. We show that the MFPT grows linearly with the number of nodes and the dimensions of the polygon in the large limit of the network order. In addition, we determine the exponents of scaling efficiency characterizing the random walks. Our results are the generalizations of those derived for the Koch network, which shed light on the analysis of random walks over various fractal networks.展开更多
We consider a branching random walk with a random environment m time, in which the offspring distribution of a particle of generation n and the distribution of the displacements of its children depend on an environmen...We consider a branching random walk with a random environment m time, in which the offspring distribution of a particle of generation n and the distribution of the displacements of its children depend on an environment indexed by the time n. The envi- ronment is supposed to be independent and identically distributed. For A C R, let Zn(A) be the number of particles of generation n located in A. We show central limit theorems for the counting measure Zn (-) with appropriate normalization.展开更多
A generalized continuous time random walk model which is dependent on environmental damping is proposed in which the two key parameters of the usual random walk theory: the jumping distance and the waiting time, are ...A generalized continuous time random walk model which is dependent on environmental damping is proposed in which the two key parameters of the usual random walk theory: the jumping distance and the waiting time, are replaced by two new ones: the pulse velocity and the flight time. The anomalous diffusion of a free particle which is characterized by the asymptotical mean square displacement (x^2(t)) - t^a is realized numerically and analysed theoretically, where the value of the power index a is in a region of 0 〈 a 〈 2. Particularly, the damping leads to a sub-diffusion when the impact velocities are drawn from a Gaussian density function and the super-diffusive effect is related to statistical extremes, which are called rare-though-dominant events.展开更多
The generalized master equation for the space-time coupled continuous time random walk is derived analytically, in which the space-time coupling is considered through the correlated function 9(t) ~ t^γ, 0 ≤ γ 〈...The generalized master equation for the space-time coupled continuous time random walk is derived analytically, in which the space-time coupling is considered through the correlated function 9(t) ~ t^γ, 0 ≤ γ 〈 2, and the probability density function ω(t) of a particle's waiting time t follows a power law form for large t: ω(t) ~t^-(1+α), 0 〈 α 〈 1. The results indicate that the expressions of the generalized master equation are determined by the correlation exponent 7 and the long-tailed index α of the waiting time. Moreover, the diffusion results obtained from the generalized master equation are in accordance with the previous known results and the numerical simulation results.展开更多
Let X,X1,X2 be i. i. d. random variables with EX^2+δ〈∞ (for some δ〉0). Consider a one dimensional random walk S={Sn}n≥0, starting from S0 =0. Let ζ* (n)=supx∈zζ(x,n),ζ(x,n) =#{0≤k≤n:[Sk]=x}. A s...Let X,X1,X2 be i. i. d. random variables with EX^2+δ〈∞ (for some δ〉0). Consider a one dimensional random walk S={Sn}n≥0, starting from S0 =0. Let ζ* (n)=supx∈zζ(x,n),ζ(x,n) =#{0≤k≤n:[Sk]=x}. A strong approximation of ζ(n) by the local time for Wiener process is presented and the limsup type and liminf-type laws of iterated logarithm of the maximum local time ζ*(n) are obtained. Furthermore,the precise asymptoties in the law of iterated logarithm of ζ*(n) is proved.展开更多
The effects of the interactions between bi-directional pedestrians on the crossing time and the crosswalk width are studied. Firstly,the crossing process of bi-directional pedestrians is analyzed.The total crosswalk t...The effects of the interactions between bi-directional pedestrians on the crossing time and the crosswalk width are studied. Firstly,the crossing process of bi-directional pedestrians is analyzed.The total crosswalk time is divided into a discharge time and a crossing time. The interactions between bi-directional pedestrians are quantified with the drag force theory. Then,a model is developed to study the crossing time based on the kinetic energy theory and momentum theory. Subsequently,the related parameters of the proposed model are calibrated with observed information. The relationships among crosswalk width,signal time,pedestrian volume and level of service are simulated with the proposed model. The results are verified and compared with other models. The proposed model has an absolute value of relative error of 9. 38%,which is smaller than that of the Alhajyaseen model( 15. 26%) and Highway Capacity Manual( HCM) model( 12. 42%). Finally,suggested crosswalk widths at different conditions are successfully estimated with the proposed crossing time model.展开更多
Suppose {Xn} is a random walk in time-random environment with state space Z^d, |Xn| approaches infinity, then under some reasonable conditions of stability, the upper bound of the discrete Packing dimension of the r...Suppose {Xn} is a random walk in time-random environment with state space Z^d, |Xn| approaches infinity, then under some reasonable conditions of stability, the upper bound of the discrete Packing dimension of the range of {Xn} is any stability index α. Moreover, if the environment is stationary, a similar result for the lower bound of the discrete Hausdorff dimension is derived. Thus, the range is a fractal set for almost every environment.展开更多
The motion of a lazy Pearson walker is studied with different probability (p) of jump in two and three dimensions. The probability of exit ( ) from a zone of radius is studied as a function of with d...The motion of a lazy Pearson walker is studied with different probability (p) of jump in two and three dimensions. The probability of exit ( ) from a zone of radius is studied as a function of with different values of jump probability p. The exit probability is found to scale as , which is obtained by method of data collapse. The first passage time ( ) i.e., the time required for first exit from a zone is studied. The probability distribution of first passage time was studied for different values of jump probability (p). The probability distribution of first passage time was found to scale as . Where, F and G are two scaling functions and a, b, g and d are some exponents. In both the dimensions, it is found that, , , and .展开更多
量子漫步算法能模拟游走粒子在图上的量子相干演化,粒子的运动状态由量子态的相干叠加而成.与经典随机游走算法相比,量子漫步算法具有寻找目标节点时间少和源节点扩散至其他节点时间少的优点.提出一种基于离散时间量子漫步的链路预测(li...量子漫步算法能模拟游走粒子在图上的量子相干演化,粒子的运动状态由量子态的相干叠加而成.与经典随机游走算法相比,量子漫步算法具有寻找目标节点时间少和源节点扩散至其他节点时间少的优点.提出一种基于离散时间量子漫步的链路预测(link predictionbased on discrete time quantum walk,简称LP-DTQW)算法.研究结果表明:相对于其他7种算法,LP-DTQW算法有更高的预测精度;LP-DTQW算法的时间复杂度远低于经典RWR(random walk with restart)链路预测算法的时间复杂度.因此,LP-DTQW算法具有更强的预测性能.展开更多
全球导航卫星系统GNSS对流层天顶湿延迟(zenith wet delay,ZWD)随机噪声不仅影响ZWD估计值大小,还会影响ZWD的趋势项变化。为揭示ZWD随机游走过程噪声(random walk process noise,RWPN)的时空变化特征,本文选取全球20个IGS(Internationa...全球导航卫星系统GNSS对流层天顶湿延迟(zenith wet delay,ZWD)随机噪声不仅影响ZWD估计值大小,还会影响ZWD的趋势项变化。为揭示ZWD随机游走过程噪声(random walk process noise,RWPN)的时空变化特征,本文选取全球20个IGS(International GNSS Service)测站,基于JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)、GFZ(Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam-German Research Centre for Geosciences)和CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe)分析中心2010至2020年对流层产品,从不同地理位置和不同时间序列分析GNSS ZWD随机游走过程噪声的变化范围和特征;并且在扣除ZWD的趋势项和主要周期项后,进一步揭示了ZWD残差信号分量构成。结果表明:不同地理位置湿延迟RWPN具有显著差异,年均值范围在0.01~0.146 mm/√s之间,且在大气集中的中低纬地区湿延迟RWPN值较大,在大气相对稀薄的极地地区其值较小;同一测站的湿延迟RWPN具有明显的周年、半周年和季节性特征,极差值高达0.12 mm/√s以上;通过对ZWD残差值分析,发现ZWD残差信号除包含白噪声外,还具有4.8 h至2.43 d的高频信号分量。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Research Foundation of Hangzhou Dianzi University,China (Grant Nos. KYF075610032 andzx100204004-7)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council,China (Grant No. CityU 1114/11E)
文摘In this paper, we study the scaling for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) of the random walks on a generalized Koch network with a trap. Through the network construction, where the initial state is transformed from a triangle to a polygon, we obtain the exact scaling for the MFPT. We show that the MFPT grows linearly with the number of nodes and the dimensions of the polygon in the large limit of the network order. In addition, we determine the exponents of scaling efficiency characterizing the random walks. Our results are the generalizations of those derived for the Koch network, which shed light on the analysis of random walks over various fractal networks.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,11101039,11171044,11271045)a cooperation program between NSFC and CNRS of France(11311130103)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesHunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(11JJ2001)
文摘We consider a branching random walk with a random environment m time, in which the offspring distribution of a particle of generation n and the distribution of the displacements of its children depend on an environment indexed by the time n. The envi- ronment is supposed to be independent and identically distributed. For A C R, let Zn(A) be the number of particles of generation n located in A. We show central limit theorems for the counting measure Zn (-) with appropriate normalization.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan University for Young Teachers,China (GrantNo. 2009SCU11120)
文摘A generalized continuous time random walk model which is dependent on environmental damping is proposed in which the two key parameters of the usual random walk theory: the jumping distance and the waiting time, are replaced by two new ones: the pulse velocity and the flight time. The anomalous diffusion of a free particle which is characterized by the asymptotical mean square displacement (x^2(t)) - t^a is realized numerically and analysed theoretically, where the value of the power index a is in a region of 0 〈 a 〈 2. Particularly, the damping leads to a sub-diffusion when the impact velocities are drawn from a Gaussian density function and the super-diffusive effect is related to statistical extremes, which are called rare-though-dominant events.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11605003 and 11547231
文摘The generalized master equation for the space-time coupled continuous time random walk is derived analytically, in which the space-time coupling is considered through the correlated function 9(t) ~ t^γ, 0 ≤ γ 〈 2, and the probability density function ω(t) of a particle's waiting time t follows a power law form for large t: ω(t) ~t^-(1+α), 0 〈 α 〈 1. The results indicate that the expressions of the generalized master equation are determined by the correlation exponent 7 and the long-tailed index α of the waiting time. Moreover, the diffusion results obtained from the generalized master equation are in accordance with the previous known results and the numerical simulation results.
文摘Let X,X1,X2 be i. i. d. random variables with EX^2+δ〈∞ (for some δ〉0). Consider a one dimensional random walk S={Sn}n≥0, starting from S0 =0. Let ζ* (n)=supx∈zζ(x,n),ζ(x,n) =#{0≤k≤n:[Sk]=x}. A strong approximation of ζ(n) by the local time for Wiener process is presented and the limsup type and liminf-type laws of iterated logarithm of the maximum local time ζ*(n) are obtained. Furthermore,the precise asymptoties in the law of iterated logarithm of ζ*(n) is proved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278220)
文摘The effects of the interactions between bi-directional pedestrians on the crossing time and the crosswalk width are studied. Firstly,the crossing process of bi-directional pedestrians is analyzed.The total crosswalk time is divided into a discharge time and a crossing time. The interactions between bi-directional pedestrians are quantified with the drag force theory. Then,a model is developed to study the crossing time based on the kinetic energy theory and momentum theory. Subsequently,the related parameters of the proposed model are calibrated with observed information. The relationships among crosswalk width,signal time,pedestrian volume and level of service are simulated with the proposed model. The results are verified and compared with other models. The proposed model has an absolute value of relative error of 9. 38%,which is smaller than that of the Alhajyaseen model( 15. 26%) and Highway Capacity Manual( HCM) model( 12. 42%). Finally,suggested crosswalk widths at different conditions are successfully estimated with the proposed crossing time model.
基金Project supported by NNSF of China (10371092)Foundation of Wuhan University
文摘Suppose {Xn} is a random walk in time-random environment with state space Z^d, |Xn| approaches infinity, then under some reasonable conditions of stability, the upper bound of the discrete Packing dimension of the range of {Xn} is any stability index α. Moreover, if the environment is stationary, a similar result for the lower bound of the discrete Hausdorff dimension is derived. Thus, the range is a fractal set for almost every environment.
文摘The motion of a lazy Pearson walker is studied with different probability (p) of jump in two and three dimensions. The probability of exit ( ) from a zone of radius is studied as a function of with different values of jump probability p. The exit probability is found to scale as , which is obtained by method of data collapse. The first passage time ( ) i.e., the time required for first exit from a zone is studied. The probability distribution of first passage time was studied for different values of jump probability (p). The probability distribution of first passage time was found to scale as . Where, F and G are two scaling functions and a, b, g and d are some exponents. In both the dimensions, it is found that, , , and .
文摘量子漫步算法能模拟游走粒子在图上的量子相干演化,粒子的运动状态由量子态的相干叠加而成.与经典随机游走算法相比,量子漫步算法具有寻找目标节点时间少和源节点扩散至其他节点时间少的优点.提出一种基于离散时间量子漫步的链路预测(link predictionbased on discrete time quantum walk,简称LP-DTQW)算法.研究结果表明:相对于其他7种算法,LP-DTQW算法有更高的预测精度;LP-DTQW算法的时间复杂度远低于经典RWR(random walk with restart)链路预测算法的时间复杂度.因此,LP-DTQW算法具有更强的预测性能.
文摘全球导航卫星系统GNSS对流层天顶湿延迟(zenith wet delay,ZWD)随机噪声不仅影响ZWD估计值大小,还会影响ZWD的趋势项变化。为揭示ZWD随机游走过程噪声(random walk process noise,RWPN)的时空变化特征,本文选取全球20个IGS(International GNSS Service)测站,基于JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)、GFZ(Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam-German Research Centre for Geosciences)和CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe)分析中心2010至2020年对流层产品,从不同地理位置和不同时间序列分析GNSS ZWD随机游走过程噪声的变化范围和特征;并且在扣除ZWD的趋势项和主要周期项后,进一步揭示了ZWD残差信号分量构成。结果表明:不同地理位置湿延迟RWPN具有显著差异,年均值范围在0.01~0.146 mm/√s之间,且在大气集中的中低纬地区湿延迟RWPN值较大,在大气相对稀薄的极地地区其值较小;同一测站的湿延迟RWPN具有明显的周年、半周年和季节性特征,极差值高达0.12 mm/√s以上;通过对ZWD残差值分析,发现ZWD残差信号除包含白噪声外,还具有4.8 h至2.43 d的高频信号分量。