Individuals with-Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often complain of difficulty remembering to carry out intended actions. We investigated the relative efficacy of a different reminder in performing a time-based Prospec...Individuals with-Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often complain of difficulty remembering to carry out intended actions. We investigated the relative efficacy of a different reminder in performing a time-based Prospective Memory (PM) task. The PM performance of 24 participants with amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) has been compared with that of 24 healthy controls. As ongoing task, samples of the Attentive Matrices Test were used. In the PM task subjects were requested to write an “X” every three minutes during a 9 minutes period. Participants received the task consisting either in a low demand condition (checking number “5”) or in a high demand condition (checking numbers “1”, “4”, “9”). In order to be as punctual as possible, participants were asked to simultaneously write the “X” at task time expiration, using a digital clock. Time monitoring was recorded. Reminder occurring was manipulated in that participants could receive critical, accidental or completely absent reminder. As expected, high cognitive demand was negatively correlated with PM performance and time monitoring. Unexpectedly, all the participants did not benefit from the critical reminder. These findings demonstrated, from a behavioral perspective, that Working Memory (WM) and PM processes are not based on the same memory system and PM may require WM resources at high demand.展开更多
In order to measure real life prospective memory (PM) ability in laboratory setting, previous studies have used photograph-based, video-based and virtual reality (VR)-based to simulate real life environment. In this s...In order to measure real life prospective memory (PM) ability in laboratory setting, previous studies have used photograph-based, video-based and virtual reality (VR)-based to simulate real life environment. In this study, we used the Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record participants’ brain activities when they are performing PM tasks in immersive VR environment. 10 participants were asked to perform PM tasks in a virtual environment while wearing a VR headset and an fNIRS device. By comparing the hemodynamic changes of rostral prefrontal cortex (BA10) of the PM component and the ongoing component, the result shows that VR PM task can induce the activation of BA10. In addition, by making use of the fNIRS technique, this study provides a feasible way to measure BA10 activity in simulated real life environment using immersive VR device.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the performance of a sample of postmenopausal women complaining of decline of prospective memory, undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy (CES) for six months, through specific neuro...Objective: To evaluate the performance of a sample of postmenopausal women complaining of decline of prospective memory, undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy (CES) for six months, through specific neuropsychological assessment, developed for this purpose. Materials and Methods: A randomized and double-blind study was with 90 women, 12-month amenorrhea, 40 years to 65 years and body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2, whose complaints were reduction of cognitive efficiency. The participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups: Group I— received one capsule of 150 mg extract of soy, with 60 mg isoflavones orally/day;Group II—received one capsule placebo, for six months. All participants underwent a detailed interview, the MMSE, depression scale, and as they were being included in the study, self-perception scales and neuropsychological tests before and after six months of treatment. For analysis purposes, we applied the ANOVA and t-student tests. Results: Our results suggest a possible positive effect regarding the improvement in verbal fluency and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility, in women undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy in postmenopause. There was no correlation between prospective memory and cognitive performance, and there were only intensity scores of the depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Isoflavones act favorably on the cognitive function, amongst all functions, only on verbal memory and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility. The others showed no signs of improvement. We concluded that concentrated extract acts only on some cognitive functions.展开更多
前瞻记忆后效(aftereffects of prospective memory)是指个体错误地重复执行已完成的前瞻记忆意向或已完成的意向对进行中任务产生干扰的现象。基于前瞻记忆多重加工理论,通过对文献梳理发现,任务特征(前瞻记忆任务特征、进行中任务特...前瞻记忆后效(aftereffects of prospective memory)是指个体错误地重复执行已完成的前瞻记忆意向或已完成的意向对进行中任务产生干扰的现象。基于前瞻记忆多重加工理论,通过对文献梳理发现,任务特征(前瞻记忆任务特征、进行中任务特征、任务情境)和个体特征会调节事件性前瞻记忆后效。目前,关于事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制的理论解释主要包括自动化加工、控制加工、提取−抑制加工、停止标记加工、双加工和动态多重加工等。其中,自动化加工可分为反射−联结加工和差异−搜索加工,而控制加工又可分为监控加工和抑制加工。事件性前瞻记忆后效的形成与自动化加工和监控加工关系更密切,而后效的消退更依赖抑制加工。未来研究需深入考察事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制,增加对不同类型以及自然情境中前瞻记忆后效的考察,注重探究降低前瞻记忆后效的策略。展开更多
Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions.Difference due to memory (Dm effect) is the difference in neural activity related to stimuli that were subsequently remembered or forgotten.Using event-re...Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions.Difference due to memory (Dm effect) is the difference in neural activity related to stimuli that were subsequently remembered or forgotten.Using event-related potentials (ERPs),the present study investigated the Dm effect for PM using a subsequent task-switching paradigm.The results showed that a Dm effect of ERP P150 was more positive-going for later PM hit trials than for later PM forgotten trials during 100–200 ms.This Dm effect may reflect the process for the production of future intention or the process for attention.Consistent with previously reported Dm effects of other types of memory,we found that the fbN2 (250–280 ms) and late positivity component (400–700 ms) were stronger in later PM hit trials than in forgotten trials.The fbN2 was evoked by Chinese characters.The late positivity component was related to the precise encoding process.In conclusion,because of the early P150,PM encoding appears to be somewhat different from previously identified Dm effects.However,further research is needed.Our findings reveal that Dm effects of PM share similar characteristics with known Dm effects of other types of episodic memory after the very early stage of neural processing.展开更多
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory (PM) and vigilance. Twenty college or graduate students participated in this study. They were administ...Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory (PM) and vigilance. Twenty college or graduate students participated in this study. They were administered a PM and a vigilance task and physiological data were collected at the same time. Behavioral results showed that the RT associated with PM cues was longer than those associated with vigilance targets. ERP results showed that PM cues and vigilance targets did not show significant difference in the N2 but PM cues evoked greater N300 than vigilance targets, and vigilance targets evoked greater parietal positivity/P3 than PM cues, suggesting vigilance and PM have similar but also distinctive neural basis.展开更多
文摘Individuals with-Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often complain of difficulty remembering to carry out intended actions. We investigated the relative efficacy of a different reminder in performing a time-based Prospective Memory (PM) task. The PM performance of 24 participants with amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) has been compared with that of 24 healthy controls. As ongoing task, samples of the Attentive Matrices Test were used. In the PM task subjects were requested to write an “X” every three minutes during a 9 minutes period. Participants received the task consisting either in a low demand condition (checking number “5”) or in a high demand condition (checking numbers “1”, “4”, “9”). In order to be as punctual as possible, participants were asked to simultaneously write the “X” at task time expiration, using a digital clock. Time monitoring was recorded. Reminder occurring was manipulated in that participants could receive critical, accidental or completely absent reminder. As expected, high cognitive demand was negatively correlated with PM performance and time monitoring. Unexpectedly, all the participants did not benefit from the critical reminder. These findings demonstrated, from a behavioral perspective, that Working Memory (WM) and PM processes are not based on the same memory system and PM may require WM resources at high demand.
文摘In order to measure real life prospective memory (PM) ability in laboratory setting, previous studies have used photograph-based, video-based and virtual reality (VR)-based to simulate real life environment. In this study, we used the Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record participants’ brain activities when they are performing PM tasks in immersive VR environment. 10 participants were asked to perform PM tasks in a virtual environment while wearing a VR headset and an fNIRS device. By comparing the hemodynamic changes of rostral prefrontal cortex (BA10) of the PM component and the ongoing component, the result shows that VR PM task can induce the activation of BA10. In addition, by making use of the fNIRS technique, this study provides a feasible way to measure BA10 activity in simulated real life environment using immersive VR device.
基金supported by CNPq,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
文摘Objective: To evaluate the performance of a sample of postmenopausal women complaining of decline of prospective memory, undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy (CES) for six months, through specific neuropsychological assessment, developed for this purpose. Materials and Methods: A randomized and double-blind study was with 90 women, 12-month amenorrhea, 40 years to 65 years and body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2, whose complaints were reduction of cognitive efficiency. The participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups: Group I— received one capsule of 150 mg extract of soy, with 60 mg isoflavones orally/day;Group II—received one capsule placebo, for six months. All participants underwent a detailed interview, the MMSE, depression scale, and as they were being included in the study, self-perception scales and neuropsychological tests before and after six months of treatment. For analysis purposes, we applied the ANOVA and t-student tests. Results: Our results suggest a possible positive effect regarding the improvement in verbal fluency and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility, in women undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy in postmenopause. There was no correlation between prospective memory and cognitive performance, and there were only intensity scores of the depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Isoflavones act favorably on the cognitive function, amongst all functions, only on verbal memory and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility. The others showed no signs of improvement. We concluded that concentrated extract acts only on some cognitive functions.
文摘前瞻记忆后效(aftereffects of prospective memory)是指个体错误地重复执行已完成的前瞻记忆意向或已完成的意向对进行中任务产生干扰的现象。基于前瞻记忆多重加工理论,通过对文献梳理发现,任务特征(前瞻记忆任务特征、进行中任务特征、任务情境)和个体特征会调节事件性前瞻记忆后效。目前,关于事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制的理论解释主要包括自动化加工、控制加工、提取−抑制加工、停止标记加工、双加工和动态多重加工等。其中,自动化加工可分为反射−联结加工和差异−搜索加工,而控制加工又可分为监控加工和抑制加工。事件性前瞻记忆后效的形成与自动化加工和监控加工关系更密切,而后效的消退更依赖抑制加工。未来研究需深入考察事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制,增加对不同类型以及自然情境中前瞻记忆后效的考察,注重探究降低前瞻记忆后效的策略。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30870760)Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20101108110004)the Key Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KZ201010028029)
文摘Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions.Difference due to memory (Dm effect) is the difference in neural activity related to stimuli that were subsequently remembered or forgotten.Using event-related potentials (ERPs),the present study investigated the Dm effect for PM using a subsequent task-switching paradigm.The results showed that a Dm effect of ERP P150 was more positive-going for later PM hit trials than for later PM forgotten trials during 100–200 ms.This Dm effect may reflect the process for the production of future intention or the process for attention.Consistent with previously reported Dm effects of other types of memory,we found that the fbN2 (250–280 ms) and late positivity component (400–700 ms) were stronger in later PM hit trials than in forgotten trials.The fbN2 was evoked by Chinese characters.The late positivity component was related to the precise encoding process.In conclusion,because of the early P150,PM encoding appears to be somewhat different from previously identified Dm effects.However,further research is needed.Our findings reveal that Dm effects of PM share similar characteristics with known Dm effects of other types of episodic memory after the very early stage of neural processing.
基金supported by the Young Investigator Scientific Fund ofInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (O9CX073007)the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2012BAI36B01)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900403, 91132701, 30770723,81088001)Youth Innovation Promotion Association Funding of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y1CX131003)Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-8)
文摘Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory (PM) and vigilance. Twenty college or graduate students participated in this study. They were administered a PM and a vigilance task and physiological data were collected at the same time. Behavioral results showed that the RT associated with PM cues was longer than those associated with vigilance targets. ERP results showed that PM cues and vigilance targets did not show significant difference in the N2 but PM cues evoked greater N300 than vigilance targets, and vigilance targets evoked greater parietal positivity/P3 than PM cues, suggesting vigilance and PM have similar but also distinctive neural basis.
