Developing of the EV charging and parking shed of BIPV

Building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) is an important application way of solar photovoltaic power. The electric vehicle(EV) charging and parking shed of BIPV is the regeneration energy intellectual integration demonstration application system collection of photovoltaic(PV) grid power,PV off- grid power,EV charging and parking shed,and any part of the functions and their combination will be engaged in practical application on demand. The paper describes the PV shed system structure and design in detail with the present of its actual photos. The shed is 50 m long and 5.5 m wide and capable of parking 18 cars. Under the control of system intellectual controller,the power produced by PV from sunlight will charge the parking EV car prior to charging the storage battery,charging the storage battery prior to grid power,grid power at last,and charge the EV by utility grid when it is a cloudy or rainy day.

Theoretical investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer in Me_2N substituted flavonoid by the time-dependent density functional theory method

Time-dependent density functional theory（TDDFT） method is used to investigate the details of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer（ESIPT） process and the mechanism for temperature effect on the Enol＊/Keto＊emission ratio for the Me2N-substited flavonoid（MNF） compound. The geometric structures of the S0 and S1 states are denoted as the Enol, Enol＊, and Keto＊. In addition, the absorption and fluorescence peaks are also calculated. It is noted that the calculated large Stokes shift is in good agreement with the experimental result. Furthermore, our results confirm that the ESIPT process happens upon photoexcitation, which is distinctly monitored by the formation and disappearance of the characteristic peaks of infrared（IR） spectra involved in the proton transfer and in the potential energy curves. Besides, the calculations of highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） reveal that the electronegativity change of proton acceptor due to the intramolecular charge redistribution in the S1 state induces the ESIPT. Moreover, the thermodynamic calculation for the MNF shows that the Enol＊/Keto＊emission ratio decreasing with temperature increasing arises from the barrier lowering of ESIPT.

基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略优化

针对有人驾驶车辆与自动驾驶车辆共存的停车系统,设计基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略,以提升停车系统运行效率.该策略在停车场无可用停车泊位但存在自动驾驶车辆时向有人驾驶车辆提供自动驾驶车辆调度服务,停车系统向有人驾驶车辆收取一定调度费用后,通过在多个停车场间调度若干自动驾驶车辆,为有人驾驶车辆在其目标停车场创造可用停车泊位.各停车场的调度费用会影响有人驾驶车辆用户的停车选择,进而影响停车系统的运行效率,构建基于智能体的停车仿真模型,采用遗传算法差异化地设置系统内各个停车场的停车调度收费方案.仿真结果显示,采用基于自动驾驶车辆调度的差异化收费策略,可以有效地减少有人驾驶车辆用户的行驶时间、步行时间、总出行时间及行驶里程,增加停车系统营收,降低社会成本,有效地缓解停车矛盾.

基于多智体的自动驾驶汽车停车空载收费策略

为了制订自动驾驶车辆(AV)停车需求管理方案,搭建多智能体停车模拟框架,提出2种空载行驶收费策略:基于行驶距离的静态收费和基于道路拥堵水平的动态收费,研究费率计算方法.建立空载行驶收费策略下停车场停车、居住地停车及持续空载巡航3种停车模式的成本函数,使用logit模型描述不同停车模式下的选择行为.利用Simulation of urban mobility(SUMO),以南宁市主城区为例开展大规模路网下的仿真实验,研究2种策略下的AV停车行为及路网运行状态变化.仿真结果表明,静态收费策略和动态收费策略下的AV空载行驶里程分别减少了20.16%和10.85%,车辆总延误分别降低了39.80%和43.52%;动态收费策略能够灵活地根据路况变化进行实时调整,路网运行效率提升更显著.

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)普及度的不断提高,工业园区内的EV用户日益增多,其充放电行为给园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)的规划运行带来极大挑战。文中提出考虑EV充放电意愿的PIES双层优化调度。首先,基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的EV充放电模型;然后,以PIES总成本最小和EV充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定地实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的PIES双层优化调度的有效性和可行性。

收费及奖励策略对通勤出行方式选择的影响分析

为研究收费及奖励两种交通需求管理策略对居民通勤出行方式选择的调控作用,以杭州市主城区为例,通过SP(Stated Preference)和RP(Revealed Preference)调查私家车通勤出行者在停车收费及非小汽车出行奖励情景下的方式选择意向,利用非集计理论分别建立停车收费和出行奖励单独实施和共同实施下通勤出行方式选择的巢式Logit(NL)模型,研究停车收费及出行奖励对私家车通勤出行者出行方式选择的单独影响及共同影响效果,并分析两类策略的弹性。研究结果表明:停车收费和非小汽车出行奖励均能减少私家车出行比例,增加公交和地铁等公共交通出行比例;当停车收费达到一定费率时,才能有效减少私家车出行,适当的奖励能有效激励出行者转向其他出行方式,若同时实施收费和奖励策略,将表现为收费为主和奖励为辅的联合作用;在3类场景中,收入均是影响出行方式选择的重要因素,收入越高,继续选择私家车出行的可能性越大;单独收费场景下,停车收费弹性随费率增加而增大,且费率较低时缺乏弹性,出行奖励弹性随奖励金额增加而先增大后减小,小额奖励即有弹性。

基于PLC控制的新能源汽车智能共享车位控制系统设计

针对充电车位共享性差、被燃油车大量占用、充电服务设施利用率低等问题,本文设计了一套新能源汽车智能共享充电车位管理系统。在传统新能源充电车位基础上利用摄像头+车位锁实现新能源汽车充电车位管理,采用PLC作为控制器,利用摄像头识别车牌类型与车牌号,通过RS485协议实现与PLC通讯,无线通讯模块实现与云平台之间数据传输。以解决充电车位被燃油车占用、共享性差及易被恶意破坏等问题,并且通过手机APP可实现充电车位共享设置、查找预约、监控功能,使新能源汽车停车充电过程变得便捷高效。

基于改进蜉蝣优化算法的机器人磁定位方法

针对现有物流机器人自主导航停车充电方案在远距离时停车定位精度差,造成自动回充模式下移动机器人无法对准充电桩的难题,提出一种基于改进蜉蝣优化算法(MA-LM)的物流机器人停车定位方法。本文方法将多个磁传感器阵列的磁钉定位数据融合,提高物流机器人停车定位的定位精度和定向精度。为了量化评估磁钉定位的提升效果,本文方法使用9个磁传感器组成的传感器阵列和两轮差速移动机器人在充电桩场景测试。相较于遗传优化算法和粒子群优化算法,本文提出的MA-LM算法的定位精度具有优势,在停车定位环节使用MA-LM算法的物流机器人达到定位精度±1.65 mm和定向精度0.9°。

停车场建设的可行性研究及优化方案分析

随着城市化进程的不断推进,停车困难问题已成为现代城市生活中的一大难题。文章通过深入研究滕州市市民公园地下停车场建设的可行性以及设计优化方案,为解决这一问题提供参考。首先,文章对该项目进行了一定介绍;其次,分别从市民需求、社会环境影响以及技术可行性等方面探讨了停车场建设的可行性;最后,结合地下停车场的特点,提出了针对性的优化设计方案,进而为停车场的安全高效施工提供可靠保障。

Optimization of Time-Varying Parking Charges and Parking Supply in Networks with Multiple User Classes and Multiple Parking Facilities

The optimization of parking charges and parking supply over the time of a day is an important problem in the design of transportation networks. This paper presents a bilevel model to determine the optimal time-varying parking charges and parking supply in road networks with multiple user classes and different types of parking facilities. The upper level of the model aims to maximize the network net benefit in response to the parking charges and parking supply, whereas the lower level is a time-dependent network equilibrium problem with elastic demand. A descent-gradient-based solution algorithm is adapted to solve the model. The numerical results show that the implementation of time-varying parking charges and parking supply is useful to effectively cater to the time-varying demand with different parking needs. The model provides a powerful tool for strategically designing parking locations and evaluating various parking policies.

Charge transfer of He^(2+)with H in a strong magnetic field

By solving a time-dependent Schrodinger equation（TDSE）, we studied the electron capture process in the He^2＋＋ H collision system under a strong magnetic field in a wide projectile energy range. The strong enhancement of the total charge transfer cross section is observed for the projectile energy below 2.0 ke V/u. With the projectile energy increasing, the cross sections will reduce a little and then increase again, compared with those in the field-free case. The cross sections to the states with different magnetic quantum numbers are presented and analyzed where the influence due to Zeeman splitting is obviously found, especially in the low projectile energy region. The comparison with other models is made and the tendency of the cross section varying with the projectile energy is found closer to that from other close coupling models.

Reduction Charge Smaller than the Deposited One in Cathodic Stripping Voltammograms of AgCl

A silver electrode was anodized in lowly concentrated potassium chloride solution almost under the steady state to generate a deposit of silver chloride on the electrode, and the deposit was cathodically stripped by linear potential scan to evaluate the reduction charge. Then the oxidation charge was larger than the reduction one. Since the equality was valid for long term chronocoulometry at the double potential step, the inequality is not due to any irreversibility of electrode reactions, but can be attributed to the process of the cathodic potential scan. A reason for the inequality is the negative charge of the capacitance involved in the electrode reaction, which has been observed in simple, dissolved redox species like a ferrocenyl derivative. The negative capacitive currents are conspicuous for high concentrations of redox species on the electrode because they result from the orientation of the dipoles of the redox species coupled with counterion, of which direction is opposite to that of the solvent dipoles. If a silver chloride film was thin enough to be regarded as a monolayer, we found that half of the cathodic stripping charge should be lost by the negative capacitance.

A Quantum Chemical Screening of Two Imidazole-Chalcone Hybrid Ligands and Their Pd, Pt and Zn Complexes for Charge Transport and Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties: A DFT Study

A quantum chemical screening of two imidazole-based chalcone ligands: 2- [1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-(phenylallyl)]phenol and 2-[1-(3-(1H- imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-4-nitrophenylallyl]phenol (hereinafter referred to as HL1 and HL2 respectively) and their Pd, Pt and Zn chelates for charge transport and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, is reported via dispersion- corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3) and time-dependent DFT (TD- DFT) methods. From our results, Pd and Pt complexes have been observed to show excellent hole-transport properties, owing to their very small reorganization energies. The light extraction efficiency of the HL1-Pt complex was deduced to be particularly impressive, thus suitable for the manufacture of hole transport layer in violet light emitting diodes (LEDs). Moreover, redox potentials and chemical stability studies have enabled us to validate the greater stability in moisture (towards oxidation), of HL2 complexes compared to their HL1 counterparts. The first and second hyperpolarizabilities of both ligands and their complexes have been found to be outstandingly higher than those of the push-pull prototypical, para-nitroaniline by factors of up to 12 in the case of HL2. These compounds, with the exception of the HL2-Pt complex, are thus interesting candidates having wide transparency tradeoffs for NLO efficiency in the manufacture of optoelectronic and photonic devices capable of second and third-order NLO response. Finally, metal chelation has been established to enhance the NLO response of all the chalcone-based imidazole ligands investigated as a result of metal-ligand charge transfer and ligand- metal charge transfer electronic transitions identified in the resulting complexes with the exception of the zinc complexes.

无人驾驶停车共乘缓解瓶颈拥堵研究

利用无人驾驶车辆利于共乘和自行停车的特点,提出了一种新的高效的通勤模式——无人驾驶停车共乘。首先,基于扩展的瓶颈模型,解析了该出行模式下瓶颈处通勤行为的均衡特征,建立了共乘率、停车收费与出行成本(包括瓶颈排队、工作延误、共乘隐私损失及共乘下车延误)之间的定量关系,给出了可诱导至系统最优的拥堵收费方案。然后,实施了数值实验,证明了模型的有效性,探究了模型中关键参数对出行费用的影响。最后,提供了该通勤模式可以应用的实际场景。解析和数值实验结果均表明,该通勤模式可缩短早高峰出行的持续时长,简化出行过程,从而大幅减少出行费用和换乘停车场规模,可为未来解决城市交通拥堵和市中心停车位缺乏等难题提供借鉴。

不同因素影响下锂离子电池热失控演变特征及危害性综述

随着新能源产业的快速发展,锂离子电池作为重要的储能介质得到广泛应用,然而其造成的火灾安全问题也愈发严重。电池灾害本质上由内部放热副反应所致,产生的高温及可燃气体会进一步造成火灾、爆炸事故。然而,热失控演变特征受诸多因素影响,主要包括电池内部状态、结构和外部环境,在不同条件下演变特征的差异性较为显著。本文梳理了近几年不同内、外部因素影响下电池热失控演变特性的相关研究,总结了电池热失控特性关键演变特征,并给出研究建议及展望。

考虑临时驻车充放电管理的电动汽车配送路径规划方法

随着充电基础设施保障能力的提升,电动汽车配送工作过程中的长时间驻车行为与电网存在的交互行为与能量转移存在研究价值。为提高电动汽车参与物流配送的效率,提出日调度背景下考虑临时驻车充放电管理的电动汽车配送路径规划方法。计及实时电价、车载电量、载货限重、单侧送达时间窗约束,考虑电池损耗、充电站服务时间、分时电价及实时服务费,构建以配送时间、耗电成本、车辆成本、配送延迟惩罚之和最小为目标的电动汽车配送路径优化模型,采用模拟退火改进的非支配排序遗传算法求解。以某26节点路网系统为算例,验证了所提方法能有效减少配送总成本,降低续航不足的风险,提升交通与能源互动潜力。

私家电动汽车在商业停车场的充电调度策略

随着私家电动汽车(private electric vehicles,PREV)的普及,大规模PREV的无序充电将引起用电负荷高峰,影响配电网安全。针对商业停车场环境下的PREV充电问题,首先提出一种车辆准入机制,尽可能提高车辆准入数量,并确保准入车辆能够在预定时间内完成充电需求;其次,采用基于熵权法确定适应度函数权重的遗传模拟退火算法(GASA),提出一种面向多目标优化的PREV充电调度策略,综合优化停车场运营商利润和车主充电满意度。实验结果表明,基于GASA的PREV充电调度策略性能良好,与极端情况(车辆数为600的无序充电)相比,该策略的运营商利润和车主充电满意度分别提高了12.3%和109.7%,综合适应度函数值增加了35.2%;另外,其能够有效平缓配电网负荷分布,在保障配电网安全前提下实现停车场运营商和PREV车主的双赢。

Remote Monitoring of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Smart Campus Parking Lot

Smart parking lots are smart places capable of supporting both parking and charging services for electric vehicles(EVs).In order to manage EV charging,the parking lot local controller(PLLC)requires data exchange with EV charging stations(EVCSs)through communication infrastructures.However,data losses and communication delays are unavoidable and may significantly degrade the system performance.This work aims to investigate the underlying communication networks for remote monitoring of EVCSs in a smart campus parking lot.The communication network consists of two subnetworks:parking area network(PAN)and campus area network(CAN).PAN covers communication among EVs,charging stations and PLLC,while CAN enables dedicated communication between PLLCs and a global controller of the university.As one of the major obstacles in EV system is the lack of unified communication architecture to integrate EVCS in the power grid,we develop communication models for the in-vehicle system and EVCSs based on logical node concept of IEC 61850 standard.Furthermore,we implement network models for EVCSs using OPNET modeler.Different communication technologies and configurations are considered in modeling and simulations,and end-toend delay is evaluated and discussed.

数据融合视角下限行政策替代策略研究

数据融合在大数据研究中至关重要,在城市计算背景下讨论数据融合方法具有典型的意义。随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,交通拥堵、大气污染等已成为城市治理中的棘手问题。已有研究表明,机动车限行政策对于交通流量控制和大气污染防治短期有效,但长期失效;而交通拥堵费政策因技术要求高,难以在全球范围内推广。鉴于此种情况,试图吸纳限行政策便于实施的特点,规避拥堵收费政策的技术普及难题,通过概率模型融合传统调查数据与行政记录数据,讨论差异化停车费率作为机动车限行政策的经济激励型替代策略的有效性,为城市计算应用提供新的研究场景。首先,依据实际停车支付意愿随停车费率上升而递减的特征,提出以广义帕累托分布作为停车支付意愿分析工具,依据弹性理论,得到停车需求量对价格变动反应敏感的结论,并给出停车费定价的政策替代原理。其次,根据数据特征,融合停车支付意愿调查数据和停车收费订单记录微观数据,并基于价格歧视理论,提出融合停车费率和停车时长因素的差别化停车费率定价模型,用以分析机动车限行政策的替代效果。最后,作为应用,针对兰州市尾号限行和单双号限行的情景开展分析,给出与机动车限行政策等效、与当前停车收费标准相衔接的停车费率三阶梯定价设计和定价建议,从静态交通管理视角为中国城市的停车管理提供一种思路。

合肥市停车难现状分析及改善建议

随着城市经济发展,汽车保有量的迅速增长给合肥城市带来了交通问题,出现道路拥挤的现象和停车难问题。本文首先分析了合肥市停车难现状,接着发现其主要原因在于市区域停车资源失衡、公共泊位未进行统筹管理、停车收费一刀切及公共交通变动性大,最后给出增加停车泊位有效供给、加强全域统筹、实行差别化停车收费及保障绿色出行等措施,以期有效缓解合肥市内停车难问题。