Developing of the EV charging and parking shed of BIPV

Building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) is an important application way of solar photovoltaic power. The electric vehicle(EV) charging and parking shed of BIPV is the regeneration energy intellectual integration demonstration application system collection of photovoltaic(PV) grid power,PV off- grid power,EV charging and parking shed,and any part of the functions and their combination will be engaged in practical application on demand. The paper describes the PV shed system structure and design in detail with the present of its actual photos. The shed is 50 m long and 5.5 m wide and capable of parking 18 cars. Under the control of system intellectual controller,the power produced by PV from sunlight will charge the parking EV car prior to charging the storage battery,charging the storage battery prior to grid power,grid power at last,and charge the EV by utility grid when it is a cloudy or rainy day.

Theoretical investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer in Me_(2)N substituted flavonoid by the time-dependent density functional theory method

Time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)method is used to investigate the details of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)process and the mechanism for temperature effect on the Enol^(*)/Keto^(*)emission ratio for the Me_(2)N-substited flavonoid(MNF)compound.The geometric structures of the S_(0) and S_(1) states are denoted as the Enol,Enol^(*),and Keto*.In addition,the absorption and fluorescence peaks are also calculated.It is noted that the calculated large Stokes shift is in good agreement with the experimental result.Furthermore,our results confirm that the ESIPT process happens upon photoexcitation,which is distinctly monitored by the formation and disappearance of the characteristic peaks of infrared(IR)spectra involved in the proton transfer and in the potential energy curves.Besides,the calculations of highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)reveal that the electronegativity change of proton acceptor due to the intramolecular charge redistribution in the S_(1) state induces the ESIPT.Moreover,the thermodynamic calculation for the MNF shows that the Enol^(*)/Keto^(*)emission ratio decreasing with temperature increasing arises from the barrier lowering of ESIPT.

Optimization of Time-Varying Parking Charges and Parking Supply in Networks with Multiple User Classes and Multiple Parking Facilities

The optimization of parking charges and parking supply over the time of a day is an important problem in the design of transportation networks. This paper presents a bilevel model to determine the optimal time-varying parking charges and parking supply in road networks with multiple user classes and different types of parking facilities. The upper level of the model aims to maximize the network net benefit in response to the parking charges and parking supply, whereas the lower level is a time-dependent network equilibrium problem with elastic demand. A descent-gradient-based solution algorithm is adapted to solve the model. The numerical results show that the implementation of time-varying parking charges and parking supply is useful to effectively cater to the time-varying demand with different parking needs. The model provides a powerful tool for strategically designing parking locations and evaluating various parking policies.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Coupled Charge Transfer Reaction of Baicalein

The excited state intramolecular proton transfer （ESIPT） coupled charge transfer of baicalein has been investigated using steady-state spectroscopic experiment and quantum chemistry calculations. The absence of the absorption peak from S1 excited state both in the experi-mental and calculated absorption spectra indicates that S1 is a dark state. The dark excited state S1 results in the very weak fluorescence of solid baicalein in the experiment. The fron- tier molecular orbital and the charge difference densities of baicalein show clearly that the S1 state is a charge-transfer state whereas the S2 state is a locally excited state. The only one stationary point on the potential energy profile of excited state suggests that the ESIPT reaction of baicalein is a barrierless process.

Charge transfer of He^(2+)with H in a strong magnetic field

By solving a time-dependent Schrodinger equation（TDSE）, we studied the electron capture process in the He^2＋＋ H collision system under a strong magnetic field in a wide projectile energy range. The strong enhancement of the total charge transfer cross section is observed for the projectile energy below 2.0 ke V/u. With the projectile energy increasing, the cross sections will reduce a little and then increase again, compared with those in the field-free case. The cross sections to the states with different magnetic quantum numbers are presented and analyzed where the influence due to Zeeman splitting is obviously found, especially in the low projectile energy region. The comparison with other models is made and the tendency of the cross section varying with the projectile energy is found closer to that from other close coupling models.

Charge Localization Induced by Reorientation of FA Cations Greatly Suppresses Nonradiative Electron-Hole Recombination in FAPbI3 Perovskites:a Time-Domain Ab Initio Study

Recent experiments report the rotation of FA(FA=HC[NH2]2+)cations significantly influence the excited-state lifetime of FAPbI3.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Using ab initio nonadiabatic(NA)molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional simulations,we have demonstrated that reorientation of partial FA cations significantly inhibits nonradiative electron-hole recombination with respect to the pristine FAPbI3 due to the decreased NA coupling by localizing electron and hole in different positions and the suppressed atomic motions.Slow nuclear motions simultaneously increase the decoherence time,which is overcome by the reduced NA coupling,extending electron-hole recombination time scales to several nanoseconds and being about 3.9 times longer than that in pristine FAPbI3,which occurs within sub-nanosecond and agrees with experiment.Our study established the mechanism for the experimentally reported prolonged excited-state lifetime,providing a rational strategy for design of high performance of perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic devices.

Reduction Charge Smaller than the Deposited One in Cathodic Stripping Voltammograms of AgCl

A silver electrode was anodized in lowly concentrated potassium chloride solution almost under the steady state to generate a deposit of silver chloride on the electrode, and the deposit was cathodically stripped by linear potential scan to evaluate the reduction charge. Then the oxidation charge was larger than the reduction one. Since the equality was valid for long term chronocoulometry at the double potential step, the inequality is not due to any irreversibility of electrode reactions, but can be attributed to the process of the cathodic potential scan. A reason for the inequality is the negative charge of the capacitance involved in the electrode reaction, which has been observed in simple, dissolved redox species like a ferrocenyl derivative. The negative capacitive currents are conspicuous for high concentrations of redox species on the electrode because they result from the orientation of the dipoles of the redox species coupled with counterion, of which direction is opposite to that of the solvent dipoles. If a silver chloride film was thin enough to be regarded as a monolayer, we found that half of the cathodic stripping charge should be lost by the negative capacitance.

A Quantum Chemical Screening of Two Imidazole-Chalcone Hybrid Ligands and Their Pd, Pt and Zn Complexes for Charge Transport and Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties: A DFT Study

A quantum chemical screening of two imidazole-based chalcone ligands: 2- [1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-(phenylallyl)]phenol and 2-[1-(3-(1H- imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-4-nitrophenylallyl]phenol (hereinafter referred to as HL1 and HL2 respectively) and their Pd, Pt and Zn chelates for charge transport and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, is reported via dispersion- corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3) and time-dependent DFT (TD- DFT) methods. From our results, Pd and Pt complexes have been observed to show excellent hole-transport properties, owing to their very small reorganization energies. The light extraction efficiency of the HL1-Pt complex was deduced to be particularly impressive, thus suitable for the manufacture of hole transport layer in violet light emitting diodes (LEDs). Moreover, redox potentials and chemical stability studies have enabled us to validate the greater stability in moisture (towards oxidation), of HL2 complexes compared to their HL1 counterparts. The first and second hyperpolarizabilities of both ligands and their complexes have been found to be outstandingly higher than those of the push-pull prototypical, para-nitroaniline by factors of up to 12 in the case of HL2. These compounds, with the exception of the HL2-Pt complex, are thus interesting candidates having wide transparency tradeoffs for NLO efficiency in the manufacture of optoelectronic and photonic devices capable of second and third-order NLO response. Finally, metal chelation has been established to enhance the NLO response of all the chalcone-based imidazole ligands investigated as a result of metal-ligand charge transfer and ligand- metal charge transfer electronic transitions identified in the resulting complexes with the exception of the zinc complexes.

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)普及度的不断提高,工业园区内的EV用户日益增多,其充放电行为给园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)的规划运行带来极大挑战。文中提出考虑EV充放电意愿的PIES双层优化调度。首先,基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的EV充放电模型;然后,以PIES总成本最小和EV充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定地实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的PIES双层优化调度的有效性和可行性。

基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略优化

针对有人驾驶车辆与自动驾驶车辆共存的停车系统,设计基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略,以提升停车系统运行效率.该策略在停车场无可用停车泊位但存在自动驾驶车辆时向有人驾驶车辆提供自动驾驶车辆调度服务,停车系统向有人驾驶车辆收取一定调度费用后,通过在多个停车场间调度若干自动驾驶车辆,为有人驾驶车辆在其目标停车场创造可用停车泊位.各停车场的调度费用会影响有人驾驶车辆用户的停车选择,进而影响停车系统的运行效率,构建基于智能体的停车仿真模型,采用遗传算法差异化地设置系统内各个停车场的停车调度收费方案.仿真结果显示,采用基于自动驾驶车辆调度的差异化收费策略,可以有效地减少有人驾驶车辆用户的行驶时间、步行时间、总出行时间及行驶里程,增加停车系统营收,降低社会成本,有效地缓解停车矛盾.

基于多智体的自动驾驶汽车停车空载收费策略

为了制订自动驾驶车辆(AV)停车需求管理方案,搭建多智能体停车模拟框架,提出2种空载行驶收费策略:基于行驶距离的静态收费和基于道路拥堵水平的动态收费,研究费率计算方法.建立空载行驶收费策略下停车场停车、居住地停车及持续空载巡航3种停车模式的成本函数,使用logit模型描述不同停车模式下的选择行为.利用Simulation of urban mobility(SUMO),以南宁市主城区为例开展大规模路网下的仿真实验,研究2种策略下的AV停车行为及路网运行状态变化.仿真结果表明,静态收费策略和动态收费策略下的AV空载行驶里程分别减少了20.16%和10.85%,车辆总延误分别降低了39.80%和43.52%;动态收费策略能够灵活地根据路况变化进行实时调整,路网运行效率提升更显著.

收费及奖励策略对通勤出行方式选择的影响分析

为研究收费及奖励两种交通需求管理策略对居民通勤出行方式选择的调控作用,以杭州市主城区为例,通过SP(Stated Preference)和RP(Revealed Preference)调查私家车通勤出行者在停车收费及非小汽车出行奖励情景下的方式选择意向,利用非集计理论分别建立停车收费和出行奖励单独实施和共同实施下通勤出行方式选择的巢式Logit(NL)模型,研究停车收费及出行奖励对私家车通勤出行者出行方式选择的单独影响及共同影响效果,并分析两类策略的弹性。研究结果表明:停车收费和非小汽车出行奖励均能减少私家车出行比例,增加公交和地铁等公共交通出行比例;当停车收费达到一定费率时,才能有效减少私家车出行,适当的奖励能有效激励出行者转向其他出行方式,若同时实施收费和奖励策略,将表现为收费为主和奖励为辅的联合作用;在3类场景中,收入均是影响出行方式选择的重要因素,收入越高,继续选择私家车出行的可能性越大;单独收费场景下,停车收费弹性随费率增加而增大,且费率较低时缺乏弹性,出行奖励弹性随奖励金额增加而先增大后减小,小额奖励即有弹性。

Remote Monitoring of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Smart Campus Parking Lot

Smart parking lots are smart places capable of supporting both parking and charging services for electric vehicles(EVs).In order to manage EV charging,the parking lot local controller(PLLC)requires data exchange with EV charging stations(EVCSs)through communication infrastructures.However,data losses and communication delays are unavoidable and may significantly degrade the system performance.This work aims to investigate the underlying communication networks for remote monitoring of EVCSs in a smart campus parking lot.The communication network consists of two subnetworks:parking area network(PAN)and campus area network(CAN).PAN covers communication among EVs,charging stations and PLLC,while CAN enables dedicated communication between PLLCs and a global controller of the university.As one of the major obstacles in EV system is the lack of unified communication architecture to integrate EVCS in the power grid,we develop communication models for the in-vehicle system and EVCSs based on logical node concept of IEC 61850 standard.Furthermore,we implement network models for EVCSs using OPNET modeler.Different communication technologies and configurations are considered in modeling and simulations,and end-toend delay is evaluated and discussed.

基于PLC控制的新能源汽车智能共享车位控制系统设计

针对充电车位共享性差、被燃油车大量占用、充电服务设施利用率低等问题,本文设计了一套新能源汽车智能共享充电车位管理系统。在传统新能源充电车位基础上利用摄像头+车位锁实现新能源汽车充电车位管理,采用PLC作为控制器,利用摄像头识别车牌类型与车牌号,通过RS485协议实现与PLC通讯,无线通讯模块实现与云平台之间数据传输。以解决充电车位被燃油车占用、共享性差及易被恶意破坏等问题,并且通过手机APP可实现充电车位共享设置、查找预约、监控功能,使新能源汽车停车充电过程变得便捷高效。

基于改进蜉蝣优化算法的机器人磁定位方法

针对现有物流机器人自主导航停车充电方案在远距离时停车定位精度差,造成自动回充模式下移动机器人无法对准充电桩的难题,提出一种基于改进蜉蝣优化算法(MA-LM)的物流机器人停车定位方法。本文方法将多个磁传感器阵列的磁钉定位数据融合,提高物流机器人停车定位的定位精度和定向精度。为了量化评估磁钉定位的提升效果,本文方法使用9个磁传感器组成的传感器阵列和两轮差速移动机器人在充电桩场景测试。相较于遗传优化算法和粒子群优化算法,本文提出的MA-LM算法的定位精度具有优势,在停车定位环节使用MA-LM算法的物流机器人达到定位精度±1.65 mm和定向精度0.9°。

Study on time-dependent lattice to alleviate space charge effects in CSNS/RCS

Purpose Tune shift and spread due to the space charge effects and collective instabilities in intense proton synchrotrons,such as the CSNS/RCS,a rapid cycling synchrotron at China Spallation Neutron Source,are the main causes of beam loss.Tune shift/spread is large when the beam kinetic energy is low and will cause particles to cross dangerous resonances,while they will gradually decay with the increase of kinetic energy.Methods An efficient way,which was verified in operational accelerators,is to tune the working point during different acceleration periods:injection,acceleration and extraction.With the newly added function of time-dependent lattice in the ORBIT code,one can simulate the physical performance with different tune patterns to find the best way to reduce beam loss.Results The method to tune the working point by time-dependent lattice to weaken the crossing of dangerous resonances has been exploited,and implemented in the ORBIT code.It is the first of such try to apply the method in CSNS/RCS.Conclusions The results presented in this paper show that the time-dependent lattice method does help reduce beam loss in the injection and early acceleration.

停车场建设的可行性研究及优化方案分析

随着城市化进程的不断推进,停车困难问题已成为现代城市生活中的一大难题。文章通过深入研究滕州市市民公园地下停车场建设的可行性以及设计优化方案,为解决这一问题提供参考。首先,文章对该项目进行了一定介绍;其次,分别从市民需求、社会环境影响以及技术可行性等方面探讨了停车场建设的可行性;最后,结合地下停车场的特点,提出了针对性的优化设计方案,进而为停车场的安全高效施工提供可靠保障。

光储充技术在新型小区停车场的应用

我国新能源汽车市场份额持续增长,停车场与充电设施建设需求不断扩大,由此导致停车场充电桩建设与城市用地面积紧张之间矛盾凸显。光储充停车场作为一种新兴的绿色环保解决方案,可满足电动汽车充电以及小区的持续供电需求。文章介绍了光储充一体化技术的原理及其工作方式,分析了其在新型小区内停车场的应用。在停车场区域顶部采用光伏发电并配置光伏组件自动清洗装置,利用储能技术储存多余的电能,设计立体机械结构并配套智能监视与管控系统、安防系统等,旨在缓解城市“停车难”“充电难”问题,减轻电网压力,提高小区治理效率,助推能源结构转型。

考虑时空分布的电动汽车充电负荷预测方法

提出了一种基于电动汽车驾驶、停放特性的考虑时空分布的电动汽车充电负荷预测方法。采用停车生成率模型预测停车需求,结合不同类型汽车、不同停放目的地的停车特性,建立电动汽车停车需求时空分布模型。从电动汽车日行驶里程、日停放需求时空分布特性入手,分析充电需求。采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,仿真大规模电动汽车不同时间、不同空间的停放、驾驶以及充电行为,预测电动汽车充电负荷的时空分布特性。以深圳市为例,预测结果表明:电动汽车用户充电行为选择以及公共停车场充电设施配建比例不同,充电负荷也将有不同的分布;居民区、工作单位配建充电设施可满足大部分电动汽车的充电需求;同一城市不同区域建设用地类型不同,充电负荷具有明显差异。

城市公共停车收费定价的研究

公共停车收费定价是城市停车管理的重要内容，也是实施停车政策的关键措施。但目前对公共停车收费的目的、定价依据和原则尚未有统一认识，价格制定亦缺乏理论依据，不尽合理。为此，以经济学原理和收费理论为指导，分析了公共停车收费的必要性、目的，提出了定价依据和原则，然后根据平均成本定价理论，并考虑停车需求的时间差异，给出了一种计算公共停车收费价格的两阶段方法。