Efficient solver for time-dependent Schrodinger equation with interaction between atoms and strong laser field

We present a parallel numerical method of simulating the interaction of atoms with a strong laser field by solving the time-depending Schrodinger equation(TDSE)in spherical coordinates.This method is realized by combining constructing block diagonal matrices through using the real space product formula(RSPF)with splitting out diagonal sub-matrices for short iterative Lanczos(SIL)propagator.The numerical implementation of the solver guarantees efficient parallel computing for the simulation of real physical problems such as high harmonic generation(HHG)in these interaction systems.

Simulation of Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation in the Position and Momentum Domains

The paper outlines the development of a new, spectral method of simulating the Schrödinger equation in the momentum domain. The kinetic energy operator is approximated in the momentum domain by exploiting the derivative property of the Fourier transform. These results are compared to a position-domain simulation generated by a fourth-order, centered-space, finite-difference formula. The time derivative is approximated by a four-step predictor-corrector in both domains. Free-particle and square-well simulations of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are run in both domains to demonstrate agreement between the new, spectral methods and established, finite-difference methods. The spectral methods are shown to be accurate and precise.

A GENERALIZED SCALAR AUXILIARY VARIABLE METHOD FOR THE TIME-DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATIONS

This paper develops a generalized scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.The backward Euler method is used for discretizing the temporal derivative of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.In this method,the system is decoupled and linearized to avoid solving the non-linear equation at each step.The theoretical analysis proves that the generalized SAV method can preserve the maximum bound principle and energy stability,and this is confirmed by the numerical result,and also shows that the numerical algorithm is stable.

Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) and Bifurcation-Integration Solutions in Nonlinear Differential Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

The new independent solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC) are discussed, for the first time, by employing experimental device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-forth motion develops into water drinking motion. The solution to a drinking bird equation of motion manifests itself the transition from thermodynamic equilibrium to nonequilibrium irreversible states. The independent solution signifying a nonequilibrium thermal state seems to be constructed as if two independent bifurcation solutions are synthesized, and so, the solution is tentatively termed as the bifurcation-integration solution. The bifurcation-integration solution expresses the transition from mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium to a nonequilibrium irreversible state, which is explicitly shown by the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC). The analysis established a new theoretical approach to nonequilibrium irreversible states, thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The TMD method enables one to obtain thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent progresses of thermodynamic quantities, by employing the bifurcation-integration solutions of NDE-TC. We hope that the basic properties of bifurcation-integration solutions will be studied and investigated further in mathematics, physics, chemistry and nonlinear sciences in general.

Two-Grid Finite-Element Method for the Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation

In this paper,we construct semi-discrete two-grid finite element schemes and full-discrete two-grid finite element schemes for the two-dimensional timedependent Schrodinger equation.The semi-discrete schemes are proved to be convergent with an optimal convergence order and the full-discrete schemes,verified by a numerical example,work well and are more efficient than the standard finite element method.

A Generalized FDTD Method with Absorbing Boundary Condition for Solving a Time-Dependent Linear Schrodinger Equation

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is a well-known technique for the analysis of quantum devices. It solves a discretized Schrodinger equation in an iterative process. However, the method provides only a second-order accurate numerical solution and requires that the spatial grid size and time step should satisfy a very restricted condition in order to prevent the numerical solution from diverging. In this article, we present a generalized FDTD method with absorbing boundary condition for solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schr?dinger equation and obtain a more relaxed condition for stability. The generalized FDTD scheme is tested by simulating a particle moving in free space and then hitting an energy potential. Numerical results coincide with those obtained based on the theoretical analysis.

From Generalized Hamilton Principle to Generalized Schrodinger Equation

The Hamilton principle is a variation principle describing the isolated and conservative systems, its Lagrange function is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy. By Feynman path integration, we can obtain the standard Schrodinger equation. In this paper, we have given the generalized Hamilton principle, which can describe the heat exchange system, and the nonconservative force system. On this basis, we have further given their generalized Lagrange functions and Hamilton functions. With the Feynman path integration, we have given the generalized Schrodinger equation of nonconservative force system and the heat exchange system.

Blowup of Solutions to the Non-Isentropic Compressible Euler Equations with Time-Dependent Damping and Vacuum

This paper mainly studies the blowup phenomenon of solutions to the compressible Euler equations with general time-dependent damping for non-isentropic fluids in two and three space dimensions. When the initial data is assumed to be radially symmetric and the initial density contains vacuum, we obtain that classical solution, especially the density, will blow up on finite time. The results also reveal that damping can really delay the singularity formation.

Comparative study of photoionization of atomic hydrogen by solving the one-and three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equations

We develop a numerical scheme for solving the one-dimensional(1D)time-dependent Schrödinger equation(TDSE),and use it to study the strong-field photoionization of the atomic hydrogen.The photoelectron energy spectra obtained for pulses ranging from XUV to near infrared are compared in detail to the spectra calculated with our well-developed code for accurately solving the three-dimensional(3D)TDSE.For XUV pulses,our discussions cover intensities at which the ionization is in the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes.For pulses of 400 nm or longer wavelengths,we distinguish the multiphoton and tunneling regimes.Similarities and discrepancies between the 1D and 3D calculations in each regime are discussed.The observed discrepancies mainly originate from the differences in the transition matrix elements and the energy level structures created in the 1D and 3D calculations.

求解耦合非线性Schrodinger-Boussinesq方程的三角标量辅助变量方法

采用三角标量辅助变量(TSAV)方法,构造求解耦合非线性Schrodinger-Boussinesq方程初边值问题的高效数值格式。基于方程非线性势能的三角函数形式,提出求解方程的TSAV格式;对方程在时间和空间上分别采用二阶Crank-Nicolson格式和傅里叶谱方法进行离散,并证明时间半离散格式的修正能量守恒律。最后,通过数值算例对文中格式进行验证。结果表明:文中格式具有有效性,修正能量具有守恒性。

Memory effect in time fractional Schrödinger equation

A significant obstacle impeding the advancement of the time fractional Schrodinger equation lies in the challenge of determining its precise mathematical formulation.In order to address this,we undertake an exploration of the time fractional Schrodinger equation within the context of a non-Markovian environment.By leveraging a two-level atom as an illustrative case,we find that the choice to raise i to the order of the time derivative is inappropriate.In contrast to the conventional approach used to depict the dynamic evolution of quantum states in a non-Markovian environment,the time fractional Schrodinger equation,when devoid of fractional-order operations on the imaginary unit i,emerges as a more intuitively comprehensible framework in physics and offers greater simplicity in computational aspects.Meanwhile,we also prove that it is meaningless to study the memory of time fractional Schrodinger equation with time derivative 1<α≤2.It should be noted that we have not yet constructed an open system that can be fully described by the time fractional Schrodinger equation.This will be the focus of future research.Our study might provide a new perspective on the role of time fractional Schrodinger equation.

Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger方程的几种差分格式及比较

探究在特定的初值和边界条件下一维Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger方程的几种差分格式并进行比较。利用经典的向前差分算子、中心差分算子、Crank-Nicolson方法和紧差分算子分别为Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger方程构造向前Euler式、Crank-Nicolson格式及紧差分格式。结果表明:Crank-Nicolson格式及紧差分格式能够精确地保持离散电荷和能量守恒。数值实验验证了理论结果的正确性。

Conservation laws of the generalized nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation

The derivations of several conservation laws of the generalized nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation are presented. These invaxiants are the number of particles, the momentum, the angular momentum and the Hamiltonian in the quantum mechanical analogy. The Lagrangian is also presented.

THE FINITE DIFFERENCE STREAMLINE DIFFUSION METHODS FOR TIME-DEPENDENT CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

In this paper, two finite difference streamline diffusion (FDSD) schemes for solving two-dimensional time-dependent convection-diffusion equations are constructed. Stability and optimal order error estimati-ions for considered schemes are derived in the norm stronger than L^2-norm.

THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF FULLY DISCRETE SPECTRAL METHOD FOR NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER EQUATION WITH WEAKLY DAMPED

Nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) arises in many physical problems. It is a very important equation. A lot of works studied the wellposed, the existence of solution of NSE etc. And there are many works studied the numerical methods for it. Recently, since the development of infinite dimensional dynamic system the dynamical behavior of NSE has been investigated. The paper [1] studied the long time wellposedness, the existence of universal attractor and the estimate of Lyapunov exponent for NSE with weakly damped. At the same time it was need to study the large time new computational methods and to discuss its convergence error estimate, the existence of approximate attractors etc. In this pape we study the NSE with weakly damped (1.1). We assume,where 0【λ【2 is a constant. If we wish to construct the higher accuracy computational scheme, it will be difficult that staigh from the equation (1.1). Therefore we start with (1. 4) and use fully discrete Fourier spectral method with time difference to

Asymptotical solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with perturbations

In this paper Lou＇s direct perturbation method is applied to the perturbed coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations to obtain their asymptotical solutions, which include not only the zero-order solutions but also the first-order modifications. Based on the asymptotical solutions, the effects of perturbations on soliton parameters and the collision between two solitons are then discussed in brief. Furthermore, we directly simulate the perturbed coupled nonlinear SchrSdinger equations by split-step Fourier method to check the validity of the direct perturbation method. It turns out that our analytical results are well supported by the numerical calculations.

GROUND STATES FOR FRACTIONAL SCHRODINGER EQUATIONS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND CRITICAL GROWTH

In this article,we study the following fractional Schrodinger equation with electromagnetic fields and critical growth(-Δ)^sAu+V(x)u=|u|^2^*s-2)u+λf(x,|u|^2)u,x∈R^n,where(-Δ)^sA is the fractional magnetic operator with 0<s<1,N>2s,λ>0,2^*s=2N/(N-2s),f is a continuous function,V∈C(R^n,R)and A∈C(R^n,R^n)are the electric and magnetic potentials,respectively.When V and f are asymptotically periodic in x,we prove that the equation has a ground state solution for largeλby Nehari method.

Approximate solution to the time-dependent Kratzer plus screened Coulomb potential in the Feinberg–Horodecki equation

We obtain the quantized momentum eigenvalues Pn together with space-like coherent eigenstates for the space-like counterpart of the Schr¨odinger equation,the Feinberg–Horodecki equation,with a combined Kratzer potential plus screened coulomb potential which is constructed by temporal counterpart of the spatial form of these potentials.The present work is illustrated with two special cases of the general form:the time-dependent modified Kratzer potential and the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.

Explanation of Pressure Effect for High Temperature Superconductors Using Pressure Dependent Schrodinger Equation and String Theory

A pressure dependent Schrodinger equation is used to find the conditions that lead to superconductivity. When no pressure is exerted, the superconductor resistance vanishes beyond a critical temperature related to the repulsive force potential of the electron gass, where one assuming the electron total energy to be thermal, where applying mechanical pressure destroys Sc when it exceeds a certain critical value. However when the electron total energy is an assumed to be that of the free electron model and that the pressure is thermal and mechanical, the situation is different. The quantum expression for resistance shows that the increase of mechanical pressure increases the critical temperature. Such phenomenon is observed in high temperature cupper group.

A Finite-Difference Approach to the Time-Dependent Mild-Slope Equation

A finite-difference approach is used to develop a time-dependent mild-slope equation incorporating the effects of bottom dissipation and nonlinearity. The Enler predietor-corrector method and the three-point finite-difference method with varying spatial steps are adopted to discretize the time derivatives and the two-dimensional horizontal ones, respectively, thus leading both the time and spatial derivatives to the second-order accuracy. The boundary conditions for the present model are treated on the basis of the general conditions for open and fixed boundaries with an arbitrary reflection coefficient and phase shift. Both the linear and nonlinear versions of the numerical model are applied to the wave propagation and transformation over an elliptic shoal on a sloping beach, respectively, and the linear version is applied to the simulation of wave propagation in a fully open rectangular harbor. From comparison of numerical results with theoretical or experimental ones, it is found that they are in reasonable agreement.