Time-domain dynamic constitutive model suitable for mucky soil site seismic response

Soil nonlinear behavior displays noticeable effects on the site seismic response.This study proposes a new functional expression of the skeleton curve to replace the hyperbolic skeleton curve.By integrating shear modulus and combining the dynamic skeleton curve and the damping degradation coefficient,the constitutive equation of the logarithmic dynamic skeleton can be obtained,which considers the damping effect in a soil dynamics problem.Based on the finite difference method and the multi-transmitting boundary condition,a 1D site seismic response analysis program called Soilresp1D has been developed herein and used to analyze the time-domain seismic response in three types of sites.At the same time,this study also provides numerical simulation results based on the hyperbolic constitutive model and the equivalent linear method.The results verify the rationality of the new soil dynamic constitutive model.It can analyze the mucky soil site nonlinear seismic response,reflecting the deformation characteristics and damping effect of the silty soil.The hysteresis loop area is more extensive,and the residual strain is evident.

Tool Condition Monitoring Based on Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions and Multivariate Control Chart

Tool condition monitoring(TCM)is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The objective is to monitor the tool operation status and detect tool breakage so that the tool can be changed in time to avoid significant damage to workpieces and reduce manufacturing costs.Recently,an innovative TCM approach based on sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis has been proposed.Different from traditional signal feature-based monitoring,the data from sensors are utilized to build a dynamic process model.Then,the nonlinear output frequency response functions,a concept which extends the linear system frequency response function to the nonlinear case,over the frequency range of the tooth passing frequency of the machining process are extracted to reveal tool health conditions.In order to extend the novel sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis to unsupervised condition monitoring of cutting tools,in the present study,a multivariate control chart is proposed for TCM based on the frequency domain properties of machining processes derived from the innovative sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis.The feature dimension is reduced by principal component analysis first.Then the moving average strategy is exploited to generate monitoring variables and overcome the effects of noises.The milling experiments of titanium alloys are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting excessive flank wear of solid carbide end mills.The results demonstrate the advantages of the new approach over conventional TCM techniques and its potential in industrial applications.

Numerical analysis of multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method

We calculate the multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method. The methods and models are unsuitable as geoelectric models of conductive surrounding rocks because they are based on regular local targets. We also propose a calculation and analysis scheme based on numerical simulations of the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields. In the modeling of the electromagnetic fields, the forward modeling simulations are performed by using the finite-difference time-domain method and the discrete image method, which combines the Gaver–Stehfest inverse Laplace transform with the Prony method to solve the initial electromagnetic fields. The precision in the iterative computations is ensured by using the transmission boundary conditions. For the response analysis, we customize geoelectric models consisting of near-borehole targets and conductive wall rocks and implement forward modeling simulations. The observed electric fields are converted into induced electromotive force responses using multicomponent observation devices. By comparing the transient electric fields and multicomponent responses under different conditions, we suggest that the multicomponent-induced electromotive force responses are related to the horizontal and vertical gradient variations of the transient electric field at different times. The characteristics of the response are determined by the varying the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields, i.e., diffusion, attenuation and distortion, under different conditions as well as the electromagnetic fields at the observation positions. The calculation and analysis scheme of the response consider the surrounding rocks and the anomalous field of the local targets. It therefore can account for the geological data better than conventional transient field response analysis of local targets.

面向电子航海图分发服务的多级可逆水印算法

针对电子航海图(ENC)分发过程中存在的版权归属不清、泄露责任难以认定的问题,在顾及ENC对数据扰动敏感、精度要求高特点的基础上,以高隐蔽性ENC数据多级分发版权保护为目标,提出了一种面向ENC分发服务的多级可逆水印算法。首先通过精度移位创造独立水印信息嵌入空间确保算法的可逆,其次通过控制水印信息嵌入的坐标位置减小对数据精度的干扰,然后利用极坐标转换的方式隐藏水印信息,最后基于水印信息的提取与再嵌入实现动态多级分发。实验结果表明:该算法具有较好的不可感知性和充足的水印容量,能有效实现ENC多级分发过程中的版权溯源,预防数据盗版。

外圆磨削非线性动力学模型与实验验证

磨削颤振是磨削过程中砂轮与工件之间产生的强烈振动,它的存在降低了被加工工件的表面质量,加速了砂轮磨损,因此研究磨削系统的稳定性是解决颤振现象发生的关键。首先依据外圆磨削动力学宏观结构建立非线性动力学微观模型,并推导出非线性动力学方程,利用Faddeev算法,对非线性动力学方程进行线性化处理计算出系统特征值,并进行稳定性预测,得出影响磨削稳定性的因素;然后以进给速度和砂轮长度为例使用Matlab绘制出各因素不同取值时的稳定区域图,并研究各参数在状态变化转折点所对应的时域响应图和特征值位置图,发现进给速度从10 mm/min提高到12 mm/min时磨削过程从不稳定转变为稳定状态,砂轮长度从12 mm增大到14 mm时磨削过程从稳定转变为不稳定状态;对稳定图、时域响应图和特征值位置图三者进行对比,发现得到的结论一致,证明模型的正确性。

Comparison of the time-domain electromagnetic field from an infinitesimal point charge and dipole source

An electromagnetic field is generated through the accelerating movement of two equal but opposite charges of a single dipole. An electromagnetic field can also be generated by a time-varying infinitesimal point charge. In this study, a comparison between the electromagnetic fields of an infinitesimal point charge and a dipole has been presented. First, the time-domain potential function of a point source in a 3D conductive medium is derived. Then the electric and magnetic fields in a 3D homogeneous lossless space are derived via the relation between the potential and field. The field differences between the infinitesimal point charge and the dipole in the step-off time, far-source, and near-source zones are analyzed, and the accuracy of the solutions from these sources is investigated. It is also shown that the field of the infinitesimal point charge in the near-source zone is different from that of the dipole, whereas the far-source zone fields of these two sources are identical. The comparison of real and simulated data shows that the infinitesimal point charge represents the real source better than the divole source.

基于多相压力波响应图版识别超深井气侵位置

考虑相界面雷诺应力、拖拽力、虚拟质量力、气液物性差异等参数,创建井筒多相压力波速及压力响应数学模型,基于超深井环空多相压力波响应图版唯一性,提出压力波响应图版识别超深井气侵位置的新方法;考虑井口气体溢流量、回压、钻井液密度等边界参数,结合差分数学方法对其求解,该方法在超深井YS1井(8680 m)验证,压力响应误差小于等于1.703 s,计算与实测误差小于等于6.15%。结果表明:随回压增大,井筒流体可压缩性减小,井筒压力波速增大,压力响应时间减小;随井口气体溢流量增大,环空空隙率增大,压力波速减小,井筒压力响应时间延长,井口气体溢流量从0.83 L/min变化至38.33 L/min,井底8680 m处压力响应时间从10.127 s增至36.643 s,增大了261.83%;气侵位置识别结果不仅取决于井口压力及流量传感器准确度,也与压力波响应图版计算准确性有关;实践证明借助压力波响应图版识别超深井气侵溢流位置的方法可行。

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors’ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.

Nonlinear Time-Domain Theory for the Simulation of Moored Floating Body Motion

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.

A HIGH ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN-ADVANCE INTEGRATION METHOD FOR TRANSIENT ELASTODYNAMIC PROBLEMS

All step-by-step integration methods available at present for structural dynamic analysis use the displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors computed at a previous interval for evaluating those at an advanced time step. Hence, an accumulated error will be definitely introduced after such integration. This paper presents a novel time-domain-advance integration method for transient elastodynamic problems in which the exact initial conditions are strictly satisfied for the solutions for each time step. In this way, the accumu- lated error can be eliminated and the approximate solutions will converge to the exact ones uniformly on the whole time domain. Therefore. the new method is more accurate. When applying to a structural dynamic problem, the present mehtod does not have to use the initial acceleration as is required by most other algorithms and the corresponding computation can be avoided. The present method is simple in representation, easy to be programmed, and especially suitable for accurate analyses of long-time problems. The comparison of numerical results with exact ones shows that the present method is much more accurate than some most widely used algorithms.

Truss structural damage identification based on principal component analysis and multivariate control chart

The present paper addresses the subject of truss damage identification using measured frequency response functions (FRF). Damage identification matrix is formed using measured FRFs obtained from truss dynamic test. Then using principal component analysis (PCA),the variable space dimensions of damage identification matrix can be reduced,and original data characters of FRFs can be analyzed and extracted from lower dimension variable space. Thus truss damages can be identified using the multivariate control chart of first several order principal components which contain almost all of original data information. Without the need for modal parameters,the method avoids the errors of modal fitting. In order to validate the reliability of the method,a whole size truss was tested with six types of damage case concerning single or two element damages. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is straightforward and reliable for truss damage identification. Especially,the method has good applicability for the truss under noisy environment and non-linear cases.

Time-Domain Nonlinear Wave-Current Interaction with A Steep Wave Riser Considering Internal Flow Effect

The nonlinear dynamic response induced by the wave-current interaction on a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional(3 D)time-domain finite element method(FEM).The governing equation considering internal flow is established in the global coordinate system.The whole SWR consists of three segments:the decline segment,buoyancy segment and hang-off segment,in which the buoyancy segment is wrapped by several buoyancy modules in the middle section,leading to the arch bend and sag bend.A Newmark-β iterative scheme is adopted for the accurate analysis to solve the governing equation and update the dynamic response at each time step.The proposed method is verified through the published results for the dynamic response of steel catenary riser(SCR)and static configuration of steel lazy wave riser(SLWR).Simulations are executed to study the influence of wave height,current velocity/direction,internal flow density/velocity and top-end pressure on the tension,configuration and bending moment of the SWR.The results indicate that the influence of the current on the configuration and mechanical behavior of the SWR is greater than that of the wave,especially in the middle section.With increasing current velocity,the suspending height of the middle section drops,meanwhile,its bending moment decreases accordingly,but the tension increases significantly.For a fixed external load,the increasing internal flow density induces the amplification of the tension at the hang-off segment and the mitigation at the decline segment,while the opposite trend occurs at the bending moment.

TIME-DOMAIN RESPONSES OF IMMERSING TUNNEL ELEMENT UNDER WAVE ACTIONS

The time domain responses of the tunnel element under wave actions during its immersion are investigated based on the linear wave diffraction theory. The integral equation is derived by using the time-domain Green function that satisfies the free water surface condition in the finite water depth, and is solved by the boundary element method. The motion equations of the tunnel element are solved by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. A comparison between the computed and measured results reveals that the numerical model can effectively simulate the motion responses of the tunnel element and the cable tensions when the motions of the tunnel element are within some limit. Taking the tunnel element of 100 m in length, 15 m in width and 10 m in height as an example, the computational results of the motion responses of the tunnel element and the cable tensions in different immersing depths are obtained under different incident wave conditions.

基于ADAMS的纵轴式掘进机模态分析

为了分析纵轴式掘进机的振动特性,利用ProE/ADAMS联合仿真方法建立了纵轴式掘进机整机多刚体动力学模型,采用ADAMS/vibration振动模块对掘进机整机进行模态分析,在PostProcessing中绘制各阶模态坐标图、二维和三维频响图,得到了前19阶整机动态响应特性和模态振型。分析表明,各阶模态下机器不会发生共振,但第6阶模态对模型振动影响较大,主要是机身带动回转台及履带机构振动;在0.8 Hz左右悬臂和伸缩油缸振动较明显,截割头、悬臂及伸缩油缸的振动在超过4.0 Hz后趋于稳定。在5.0 Hz左右,机身、回转油缸、履带振动明显。超过5.0 Hz以后,升降油缸以及履带机构的振动变得明显。所得结果为改进纵轴式掘进机设计、改善机器工作性能提供了依据。

烟农专业合作社风险管理机制构建

在实地调研的基础上对湖南省烟农专业合作社服务经营过程中存在的风险进行识别,对政策、法律、自然、市场、经营、财务等风险进行分析,通过风险评估图来评估风险的概率和影响程度,提出风险规避、风险控制、风险转移和风险补偿等应对策略加强我国烟农专业合作社的风险管理水平,构建一套识别、分析、评估、应对风险的管理机制。

AR参数灵敏度及结构损伤控制图识别

推导了时间序列模型的自回归参数对结构单元刚度损伤系数的灵敏度方程,并对该方程的正确性进行了验证。分析了自回归参数的灵敏度特性,在此基础上采用控制图进行结构损伤识别。该方法首先以结构在随机作用下的时域响应进行主成分分析;然后以第一主元建立适用阶的时序模型;最后以自回归参数建立休哈特控制图,通过自回归参数的统计性变化判断结构是否发生损伤。针对一梁结构,试验验证了控制图用于损伤识别的有效性和可行性。

基于实测频响函数主成分的在役网架损伤识别方法

鉴于从实际网架动测中得到的频响函数已受到噪声的污染,会使模态分析出现较大的误差,提出了基于实测频响函数和主成分分析的网架损伤识别方法:用网架实测的频响函数数据作为损伤识别的基本变量,建立损伤识别矩阵,通过主成分分析和变量重构对频响函数进行减消噪处理,利用重构的频响函数前几阶主成分,在低维空间中对损伤信息进行分析、提取,并通过多元控制图,来识别网架的损伤。该方法不需要模态参数,避开了模态参数误差所引起的损伤识别不准问题,不需建立力学模型,对网架边界约束条件和结构型式没有特别的限制。为了验证该方法的可靠性,在试验室完成了足尺网架模型在不同损伤情况下动测试验。结果表明,所提出的损伤识别方法简便可行,结果可靠,尤其对噪声环境下和具有一定非线性网架的损伤识别有良好的适应性。

补偿密度测井仪器刻度对测井响应的影响分析

测井过程中,补偿密度测井曲线容易出现测量值偏高的问题,这种现象与仪器刻度有很大关系。基于补偿密度测井仪器的刻度原理,阐述了刻度图版双脊双肋图的成因。给出了补偿密度测井和刻度的基本方程,通过3组现场刻度数据,对4点刻度进行了理论计算。分析了刻度过程中长、短源距计数率变化对脊肋图的影响及计数率变化对密度测井值的影响。指出低密度镁块中计数率增加时,对应的脊角增加;而高密度铝块中计数率增加时,对应的脊角减小;且在铝块中计数率的微小增加,对脊角的影响很大。理论计算可知,铝块中长源距计数率增加1个,灰岩中密度测井值偏大0.032g/cm3。仪器的历史刻度都具有关联性和可对比性,仪器工程师应关注仪器所有的历史刻度,以获得准确的刻度值。

双感应资料识别水平井段井眼附近的泥质夹层

水平井射孔井段的井眼附近若有泥质夹层，无疑对水平井提高采收率是很不利的。在忽略井眼的侵入影响并将发射线圈近似为点状磁偶极子的条件下，可用水平层状的三层介质模型来模拟井眼附近存在泥质夹层时双感应仪器的响应特性。通过分析响应曲线制作出一整套确定夹层位置和厚度的解释图版。在已知夹层和目的层电阻率的条件下，通过解释图版可用双感应资料求出夹层的位置和厚度；若井眼附近无泥质夹层，解释图版将退化为一点。

基于Web的数据可视化图表渲染优化方法

在数据可视化场景中,Web页面作为数据可视化图表的承载主体,其性能的好坏直接影响可视化图表的加载速度和渲染效果,而目前基于Web技术的优化手段不能很好地缓解图表获取大规模复杂数据并进行渲染重绘所造成的网络数据传输压力。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于Web的数据可视化图表渲染方法。首先,将缓存机制与增量更新算法相融合,并从图表样式及交互配置信息和图表绑定数据两个方面对HTTP请求响应体进行深度优化。然后,通过减小HTTP请求响应体的大小来降低网络数据传输量,缩短数据资源的下载时间,进而提升图表加载速度,缩短页面渲染时长。最后,针对该方法进行充分的对比实验,实验结果表明,单个图表HTTP的总响应时间由75 ms缩短至28 ms,Web页面展示多个图表的总渲染时长由1546 ms缩短至1337 ms,从而验证了该方法的有效性。