DR-IS:Dynamic Response Incremental Scheduling in Time-Sensitive Network

Time-Sensitive Network(TSN)with deterministic transmission capability is increasingly used in many emerging fields.It mainly guarantees the Quality of Service(QoS)of applications with strict requirements on time and security.One of the core features of TSN is traffic scheduling with bounded low delay in the network.However,traffic scheduling schemes in TSN are usually synthesized offline and lack dynamism.To implement incremental scheduling of newly arrived traffic in TSN,we propose a Dynamic Response Incremental Scheduling(DR-IS)method for time-sensitive traffic and deploy it on a software-defined time-sensitive network architecture.Under the premise of meeting the traffic scheduling requirements,we adopt two modes,traffic shift and traffic exchange,to dynamically adjust the time slot injection position of the traffic in the original scheme,and determine the sending offset time of the new timesensitive traffic to minimize the global traffic transmission jitter.The evaluation results show that DRIS method can effectively control the large increase of traffic transmission jitter in incremental scheduling without affecting the transmission delay,thus realizing the dynamic incremental scheduling of time-sensitive traffic in TSN.

MEC-Empowered Non-Terrestrial Network for 6G Wide-Area Time-Sensitive Internet of Things

In the upcoming sixth-generation(6G)era,the demand for constructing a wide-area time-sensitive Internet of Things(IoT)continues to increase.As conventional cellular technologies are difficult to directly use for wide-area time-sensitive IoT,it is beneficial to use non-terrestrial infrastructures,including satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Thus,we can build a non-terrestrial network(NTN)using a cell-free architecture.Driven by the time-sensitive requirements and uneven distribution of IoT devices,the NTN must be empowered using mobile edge computing(MEC)while providing oasisoriented on-demand coverage for devices.Nevertheless,communication and MEC systems are coupled with each other under the influence of a complex propagation environment in the MEC-empowered NTN,which makes it difficult to coordinate the resources.In this study,we propose a process-oriented framework to design communication and MEC systems in a time-division manner.In this framework,large-scale channel state information(CSI)is used to characterize the complex propagation environment at an affordable cost,where a nonconvex latency minimization problem is formulated.Subsequently,the approximated problem is provided,and it can be decomposed into sub-problems.These sub-problems are then solved iteratively.The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed process-oriented scheme over other algorithms,implied that the payload deployments of UAVs should be appropriately predesigned to improve the efficiency of using resources,and confirmed that it is advantageous to integrate NTN with MEC for wide-area time-sensitive IoT.

Design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time-sensitive target based on system effectiveness

To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroying TST. Considering the possible operation modes of the system, a waved operation mode and a continuous operation mode are put forward at first. At the same time, some relative formulas are modified. In examples, the influential factors and operation modes are analyzed based on the system effectiveness. From simulation results, some design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time sensitive targets are concluded, which benefit to the improvement of the system effectiveness.

Predictive Scheme for Mixed Transmission in Time-Sensitive Networking

Time-sensitive networking(TSN)is an important research area for updating the infrastructure of industrial Internet of Things.As a product of the integration of the operation technology(OT)and the information technology(IT),it meets the real-time and deterministic nature of industrial control and is compatible with Ethernet to support the mixed transmission of industrial control data and Ethernet data.This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the shortcomings of the current mixed transmission technologies of the bursty flows and the periodic flows.To conquer these shortages,we propose a predictive mixed-transmission scheme of the bursty flows and the periodic flows.The core idea is to use the predictability of timetriggered transmission of TSN to further reduce bandwidth loss of the previous mixed-transmission methods.This paper formalizes the probabilistic model of the predictive mixed transmission mechanism and proves that the proposed mecha⁃nism can effectively reduce the loss of bandwidth.Finally,based on the formalized probabilistic model,we simulate the bandwidth loss of the proposed mechanism.The results demonstrate that compared with the previous mixed-transmission method,the bandwidth loss of the pro⁃posed mechanism achieves a 79.48%reduction on average.

E-CARGO模型在线社会网络研究团队机制

随着在线社交网络的快速发展,用户信息和用户规模呈现爆炸性增长,如何从网络上获取有针对性的信息已非易事,为此各种推荐系统已先后涌现.为各类不同用户以自然的推荐方式向其推荐信息并获得较高的用户采纳度是一件富挑战性的工作,也是本文的主要研究内容.如何在特定专业性拓扑网络中寻找到自然的推荐方式以得到较好的用户采纳度,是本文将要解决的问题.基于此,本文采用对潜在角色和关系预测研究,以E-CARGO模型为理论背景,针对专业性教学科研平台——学者网,通过对用户推荐内容信息,先形成与用户的信息交互,再根据信息交互程度,推荐相应的论文研究团队,推动关系结构的形成.本次调查实验结果体现了普遍用户愿意以3.9785分采纳团队推荐,用户平均满意度达79.57%,充分证明了这样的推荐方式使得用户更容易接受团队推荐信息,增强用户体验,为专业性学术论文网站学者网提供了指引.

基于E-CARGO模型的志愿型偏好平衡性指派

个人偏好与团队执行力的平衡性指派方法,是国内外人力资源管理、决策支持领域重点关注的问题。为寻找兼顾团队与个人利益的指派平衡点,针对员工志愿型偏好平衡性指派问题,结合"基于角色的协作"(role-based collaboration,RBC)工程理论与方法及其E-CARGO模型,提出了一种兼顾个人志愿型偏好与团队执行力的指派方法,并通过实验仿真论证了方法的有效性与可靠性。该方法能使团队效能在考虑个人偏好的情况下尽可能最大化,优化人员生产与管理,支撑行业决策。

E-CARGO模型在CSP问题中的描述

基于角色的协同RBC(Role-Based Collaboration)是一套研究角色及它们之间复杂关系的方法、理论和技术。在RBC中,群组角色分配GRA(Group Role Assignment)既是一个关键问题,也是一个难题。已有许多研究探讨了基于Q(Qualification)矩阵来处理GRA问题,但仅利用Q矩阵难以描述问题中的复杂约束关系。因此,将约束集(Constraint)引进E-CARGO模型,提出了带约束的EC-CARGO模型,研究了RBC、GRA、SAT(SATisfaction)和CSP(Constraint Satisfaction Problem)之间的联系,建立了RBC-GRA-SAT-CSP问题求解转换关系;提出应用EC-CARGO模型求解经典CSP约束满足问题的方法,进而描述了应用GRA求解CSP约束满足问题的通用框架。最后以N皇后问题为例,验证了通过GRA的约束指派求解CSP问题的有效性。

基于E-CARGO模型的多任务分配算法

多任务分配是管理和协同工作中的重要问题。采用E-CARGO建模来解决常规多任务分配问题(GMTAP)与组角色多任务分配问题(GRMTAP)。提出了两种算法:(1)通过把GMTAP质量评估矩阵转置转化为组角色分配问题(GRAP),再利用GRAP算法来完成多任务分配;(2)将GRMTAP分配问题转化为常规分配问题(GAP),利用K-M(亦称匈牙利)算法来实现多任务分配。最后,通过实验验证了GMTAP与GRMTAP算法的有效性,即,算法很好地满足了多任务分配问题的需要,也有效地扩展了GRAP算法与K-M算法的应用范围。

基于E-CARGO的WSN成簇机制研究

在无线传感器网络中,节点的电量十分有限,降低节点的能耗、延长网络寿命是路由协议设计的重点.针对经典分簇路由协议LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)中簇头选取不合理以及节点能耗不均衡的问题,将传感器节点的剩余能量、分布位置等定义为约束,采用带约束的角色协同模型E-CARGO为分簇型无线传感器网络系统建模,在机制上实现对LEACH协议的改进.在传感器节点角色指派过程中,综合考虑节点的约束并结合LEACH算法为传感器节点进行角色指派.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,改进后协议在可扩展性、灵活性、均衡节点能耗以及网络生命周期方面优于LEACH协议.

基于E-CARGO的在线社区多对多好友推荐机制研究

好友推荐机制是繁荣在线社区的有效手段,然而单纯为增加用户数及绑定用户关系的过于频繁的推荐方式会引起用户厌烦.为提升用户体验,本文以大型教学与科研协作平台学者网为研究背景,引入基于角色的协同模型ECARGO对推荐机制进行建模,将好友推荐转化为多对多指派问题,使用带回溯的Kuhn-Munkres算法(KMB)对好友推荐数与接纳数受限情况下最优推荐指派进行了研究与解决.仿真实验表明,该推荐机制友好、高效、精准,能完善在线社区推荐机制,对在线社会健康发展形成助力.

基于E-CARGO模型的开发者推荐方法

针对传统开发者推荐方法侧重于分析开发者的专业能力以及与任务的交互信息,而未考虑开发者间协作性的问题,提出一种基于E-CARGO(Environment-Class,Agent,Role,Group,and Object)模型的开发者推荐方法。首先结合协作开发的特点,将开发者协同开发过程描述为基于角色的协作,并使用E-CARGO模型对其进行建模;然后使用模糊层次分析(FAHP)法来建立模糊判断矩阵,从而求得开发者能力指标权重并进行加权求和,进而得到开发者历史综合能力评价集合;最后针对开发者综合能力评价的不确定和动态特性,利用云模型理论对开发者历史综合能力评价集合进行分析,以求得开发者对于每个任务的胜任能力,并利用cplex优化包对开发者推荐问题进行求解。实验结果表明,所提方法能够在可接受的时间范围内求得最优的开发者推荐结果,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于E-CARGO模型的云ERP建模与演化方法

传统需求建模方法通过形式化的建模语言来对需求进行描述,因其缺乏灵活性及配套的需求解决方案,而难以适配云ERP领域动态演化的需求。针对以上问题,依托E-CARGO模型可灵活对演化需求进行建模的特点,提出一种基于E-CARGO模型的云ERP建模与演化方法。首先,将需求解构为需要和云ERP服务并将二者描述为基于角色的协作问题,进而通过E-CARGO模型对其进行建模;然后,为了更具领域针对性地评估云ERP领域人才能力,建立高质量的云ERP开发团队,使用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)构建模糊互补判断矩阵,度量人才综合能力值;最后,利用E-CARGO模型的组角色分配方法结合CPLEX优化包得到所有演化中的需求最大化满足方案。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅能够对云ERP中演化的需求进行灵活建模,还能在很快的时间内求得需求满足方案,进而迅速响应需求的演化并提供随需而变的云ERP服务。

Extraction Phase Simulation of Cargo Airdrop System

To study the characteristics of cargo extraction, the initial phase of airdrop process, a high fidelity and extendibility simulation model with uniform motion equations for all states during extraction is developed on the basis of dynamics methods and contact models between cargo and aircraft. Simulation results agree well with tests data. Cargo exit parameters, which contribute to cargo pitch after extraction, are studied. Simplified computation model of dimensionless exit time is developed and used to evaluate the relation between extraction phase and landing accuracy. Safe interval model is introduced to evaluate the safety of extraction process. Also, relations between initial parameters, including pull coefficient, aircraft pitch and CG coefficient, etc, and result parameters, including exit time, cargo safety, pitch, etc, are developed to help design of airdrop system, especially the selection of extraction parachute and cargo deployment.

Evacuated tube transport technologies (ET3)^(tm):a maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo

Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.

Aerodynamic Simulation of A Containership to Evaluate Cargo Configuration Effect on Frontal Wind Loads

Fuel consumption has always been a matter of concern for ships propulsion. In this research we aim to develop computer models of several containership cargo stacking configurations and discuss an optimal configuration at a constant front wind speed. The paper presents the simulation results by using ANSYS CFX for a 1:4 scale PostPanamax 9000 TEU containership. The ship is modelled in a cubic domain that contains unstructured mesh with details, in such a way that can demonstrate the influence of the container configuration on wind force. Also the numerical results are verified versus wind tunnel test data. An optimal stack configuration led to about 25%reduction in air resistance. It is proposed that in order to reduce the wind drag force and consequently reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, empty spaces between the cargo containers and unbalanced cargo distribution over the deck should be inhibited. Also, it is advised to make the cargo distribution on the most forward and aftward deck areas more streamlined.

Analysis of Capability Requirement of Dynamic Positioning System for Cargo Transfer Vessel at Sea

In response to the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources,which require a high degree of cooperation by crude oil transportation equipment,a new type of ship known as the cargo transfer vessel(CTV)has been developed.To provide a theoretical reference for the design and equipment of the CTV’s dynamic positioning system,in this paper,we take the new deepwater CTVas the study object and theoretically and numerically analyze its operation,wind load,current load,wave load,and navigational resistance in a range of Brazilian sea conditions with respect to its positioning and towing modes.We confirm that our proposed method can successfully calculate the total environmental load of the CTVand that the CTV is able to operate normally under the designed sea conditions.

基于E-CARGO模型的云制造服务组合方法

云制造是一种网络化协同制造新模式,协同性是云制造的典型特征.本文基于E-CARGO模型,提出一种基于角色的协同云制造服务组合优化方法.首先,研究建立服务组合与E-CARGO模型间的映射关系,构建了云制造服务组合的E-CARGO模型;其次,针对服务质量的不确定性,将动态服务质量转换为云模型中的期望、熵和超熵,并计算QoS云模型间的相似度,进而得到资格评估矩阵;最后,对基于角色的协同云制造服务组合问题进行求解,得到最优云制造服务组合方案.实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效的解决云制造服务组合优化问题.

Enabling a Viable Technique for the Optimization of LNG Carrier Cargo Operations

In this study, we optimize the loading and discharging operations of the Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) carrier. First, we identify the required precautions for LNG carrier cargo operations. Next, we prioritize these precautions using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and experts' judgments, in order to optimize the operational loading and discharging exercises of the LNG carrier, prevent system failure and human error, and reduce the risk of marine accidents. Thus, the objective of our study is to increase the level of safety during cargo operations.

Cargo Airships: International Competition

The advance of transportation technology depends on science and economics. During the 1930s, airships and airplanes competed head-to-head for the Atlantic passenger market. When World War 2 broke out, everything changed. Over the next five years, the combined combatants built over half of a million military airplanes. By the end of the war, four-engine, high-altitude bombers and jet engines were developed. Further investment in airplane technology was stimulated by the Cold War. All this public investment was adapted to civilian passenger jet airplanes. By 1980, dedicated jet airplanes were in use as cargo carriers. Despite the growth of the cargojet market over the past three decades, rising fuel costs and environmental concerns are changing the economics of airships and airplanes again. Investment in large cargo airships is returning. Much of the technology developed for fixed-wing aircraft can be applied to cargo airships. New materials, better engines, control systems and engineering eliminate the need for large ground crews and improve airship reliability and safety. However, two fundamental design issues have yet to be resolved: structural integrity and buoyancy control. A worldwide competition is underway on three continents to develop the dominant design for a cargo airship. This paper examines the alternative design approaches and presents the status of the international competition.

Tianzhou 1 Cargo Spacecraft Leaves Orbit

After the space lab missions and extended experiments were completed,the Tianzhou 1 cargo spacecraft effectively put on its'breaks'twice,thus continuously lowering its altitude before burning-up in the atmosphere around 6p.m.on September 22.Tianzhou 1 was China’s first cargo spacecraft developed by CASC,launched on April 20 from the Hainan Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site.Tianzhou 1,signified the end of