A time-space network-based model for transportation service optimization of China Railway Express

This paper describes the development and optimization plans for the China Railway Express(CR Express).As a new type of international land transport organization,CR Express has emerged with the continuous expansion of China toward European investment and trade,and in particular,has expanded with the continuous progress of the One Belt and One Road(OBOR)initiative.In addition to improving the service quality of CR Express,the operating costs must be reduced for developing“smart railways”that serve“smart cities”.We propose a dualobjective-based function mathematical optimization model;the satisfaction of the cargo owner is considered,and the timeliness,transportation capacity,and goods category constraints of CR Express transportation are designed.Moreover,we present the normalized equivalent method of the two-objective function of the model.Finally,a case study is conducted against the background of certain trains in the western corridor of CR Express to validate the effectiveness of the model and research methods proposed in this study.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

A "TIME-SPACE" RELATED DESIGN METHOD OF FREEZING WALL

Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used for designing freezing wall thickness. However, it can not ensure the stability of freezing wall, nor guarantee the safety of shaft construction as frozen depth increases in unstable water bearing strata. F A. Auld (1985, 1988)[1,2] presented a design method of freezing wall, which is on the basis of strength and stability, together with deformation of freezing wall. This paper, according to the practice in China, describes a "time -space" related design method for deep freezing wall. The method is based on "time-space" concept, which includes influence of excavation rate of advance, unsupported length of freezing wall and the sump state on inward deformation of freezing wall, and the allowable pipe deformation caused by inward deformation of freezing wall. Finally, successful application of this method to the large scale coal mine-Jining No. 2 Mine[3] in Shandong Province of China is presented. It saved much investment compared with F. A. Auld’s design for the same mine.

A traffic model of optical networks based on time-space complexity and traffic grooming

This paper researched the traffic of optical networks in time-space complexity,proposed a novel traf-fic model for complex optical networks based on traffic grooming,designed a traffic generator GTS(gener-ator based on time and space)with 'centralized+distributed' idea,and then made a simulation in Clanguage.Experiments results show that GTS can produce the virtual network topology which can changedynamically with the characteristic of scaling-free network.GTS can also groom the different traffic andtrigger them under real-time or scheduling mechanisms,generating different optical connections.Thistraffic model is convenient for the simulation of optical networks considering the traffic complexity.

Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

Earthquake-Affected Time-Space Domain, Recurrence Interval and Effective Preparation Time of Earthquakes

The study shows that earthquake-affected time-space domain (ETSD), i.e. a time-space range in which strong earthquakes are unable to occur owing to the influence of a prior earthquake occurring, shows a hyperbolic margin curve in the t(time)-r(distance) coordinate plane, which has a maximum affected radius r 0 at t=0 and a maximum influence time t 0 (i.e. the in-situ recurrence interval of earthquakes) at r=0. Based on the time-distance distributions of posterior earthquakes relative to prior ones in the regions of North China, Northwest China, Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau and Southwest China, the optimized and 90%-confidence margin curves are estimated using optimization and statistical analysis methods. This indicates that the concept and method of ETSD with 3-dimension (time-distance-magnitudes) instead of those of “recurrence interval" with 1-dimension (time) or 2-dimension (time-magnitude) provides a new approach to understanding the fluctuation of seismic activities, estimating the effective earthquake-preparation time of potential hypocenters, and therefore improving the medium- and long-term prediction of strong earthquakes.

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.

英语修辞手法metonymy与synecdoche用法辨析

metonymy与synecdoche是两种常用也难以区分的修辞手法。两者既有联系,也有区别。在英语专业高年级阶段,特别是在高级英语学习过程中,学生很容易将它们搞混淆。笔者查阅了大量英语修辞资料发现,很多学者也未能就二者的具体差异达成一致。

Metonymy:借代与转喻

Metonymy在汉语中有两种译法:一是"借代",二是"转喻、换喻"。本文用认知语言学的观点探讨metonymy的译法问题,认为metonymy有的有"喻",有的无"喻;"有的有指代性,有的无指代性。因此,metonymy有的可译为"借代",有的则可译为"转喻、换喻"。我们试图得出这样的结论:无"喻"有"代"的metonymy(如"The pot is boiling)"是"借代",有"喻"无"代"的metonymy(如"Mary is just a pretty face)"是"转喻",有"喻"又有"代"的metonymy(如"The crown has notwithheld its assent to a Bill since 1707.)"则译为"借代"或"转喻"皆可。此外,从原意、非原意无喻借代、非原意有喻转喻到隐喻,实际上是一个连续体,它们定义清楚,但边界模糊,有许多问题还值得进一步深入探讨。

Metaphor，Personification，Metonymy的辨析

Ｍｅｔａｐｈｏｒ，Ｐｅｒｓｏｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，Ｍｅｔｏｎｙｍｙ的辨析徐莉娜每个辞格都是特定内容、特定表达效果、特定结构方式的统一体。作为这三者的统一体，辞格与辞格之间应是界限分明的。因此，特定内容、特定表达效果、特定结构方式应是区别辞格的标准和依...

汉语借代和英语Metonymy的对比与翻译

汉语修辞格借代不仅与英语Metonymy相似,而且还包含英语修辞格Synecdoche和Antonomasia。它们在结构上和修辞作用上都彼此十分相似,而在相似之中又存在一些差异,因此,把它们加以对比,进行分析,有利于我们的英汉翻译工作。

Metonymy和Metaphor的英汉修辞比较

借代和借喻是英汉语中两种重要的修辞格,由于二者均涉及词义的转化,因此两种辞格容易混淆。本文指出了借代和借喻是两个不同的概念,阐述了借代和借喻的不同类型,在此基础上,本文从两者所构成的客观基础,两者中本体和借体喻体的关系,两者的转换方法和表达效果四个方面分析了两者的不同之处。

区别Metaphor和Metonymy的一种方法

由于隐喻和借代均涉及词义的物化，因此这两种辞格容易混淆，修辞学界对这两种辞格的区刑亦尚无定论。笔者依据人类心理相似联想和相邻联想的思维模式，提出一种区别隐喻和借代的方法，即看ＸｉｓＹ是否成立（其中Ｘ是被代物，Ｙ是用来替代的物体）。成立就是隐喻，否则就是借代。

英语Metonymy和汉语“借代”之比较

英语Metonymy和汉语的"借代"都是在这两种语言中使用非常普遍的修辞格之一。本文通过对英语Metonymy和汉语"借代"这两种修辞格在定义、表现形式及修辞功能上所进行的比较研究,旨在表现二者之间存在许多的相似的特点,以及其不同之处。同时也希望通过对二者之间的比较,以便更好地区别二者异同,正确地判断和应用这种修辞格。

汉语修辞的借代与英语的Metonymy & Synecdoche

大学的英语教学如果徘徊在扩大词汇量和加强语法概念的巩固和进一步深入上 ,学生无疑会走入歧途。学习英语的学生 ,不论是专业的或非专业的 ,高分低能现象的出现就是一个很好的例子。在与外国人的交流中 ,学生们往往会感到自己所要表达的思想和感情常常是不到“火候”,说不到或写不到“点子”上。这并非是因为学生的词汇量小 ,抑或是因为学生的语法知识欠缺 ,而是因为我们忽视了语言中更深一层的内容——即语言中的修辞。我们不是常说“话有三说 ,巧说为妙”吗 ?要想巧说 ,学习一点修辞知识则是必不可少的。

汉语修辞格中的“借喻”和“借代”与英语中的Metonymy, Antonomasia and Synecdoche

通过对汉语修辞格中的借喻和借代与英语语言学中的Metonymy,Antonomasia和Synecdoche的比较和对比,阐明几者之间的关系,即:英语中的Metonymy并不等同于汉语的"借喻",而是在修辞层面上与汉语的"借代"相对应;英语中的Antonomasia只是Metonymy的一种,即以专名代泛称,英语中的Synecdoche同样也只是Metonymy的一种类型,即以部分代整体或整体代部分。