Genetic and Correlation Analysis of Grain Characters in Three-line Hybrid Rice

Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.

Canonical Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Brassica juncea in Western China

[Objective] The study aimed at exploring the relationship among the agronomic characters of B. juncea in western China, in order to provide scientific basis for the breeding of B. juncea in western China. [Method] 39 B. juncea materials from western China were used for the canonical correlation analysis, and canonical correlations between each pair of the four ecological character （containing 18 variables） were verified, including yield characters （5 variables）, caulis characters （6 variables）, branch characters （3 variables） and pod characters （3 variables）. [Result] Yield per plant of B. juncea in western China suffered a tremendous influence from effective pod number per plant while was not significantly affected by the total pod number per plant, seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight; the most important character related with the yield character of B. juncea in western China was caulis character, followed by the branch character and pod character; yield characters, caulis characters, branch characters and pod characters of B. juncea in western China were closely correlated. [Conclusion] In order to improve the yield characters of B. juncea in western China, caulis characters should be focused on, followed by branch characters and pod characters; rapeseed varieties with high performance in total pod number per plant and effective pod number per plant should be chosen through the perspectives of effective branch number, plant height, pod number of main inflorescence, fruit stalk number of main inflorescence and other traits, while rapeseed varieties with high performance in seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight should be chosen through the perspectives of beak length and other traits.

Correlation Analysis on Male Sterile Lines Characters in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the associations of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus L.[Method]10 recessive genetic male sterile（RGMS）lines were used as parents to cross in a half diallel cross method to produce 45 single cross hybrids.These 45 crosses and their 10 parents were evaluated at Guiyang during 2007-2008.[Result]The positive correlations of seed yield with plant height,pods per plant,days to flowering and days to maturity were significant.Their respective correlation coefficients（r）were 0.644,0.583,0.281 and 0.341.Highly significant and negative correlation was observed between seeds per pod and seed size（-0.533）.Direct path coefficients were observed for pods per plant（0.556 2）,seeds per pod（0.407 4）,1 000-seed weight（0.481 3）,and plant height（0.401 7）to seed yield.[Conclusion]Pods per plant,seeds per pod,1 000-seed weight and plant height were positive correlated with seed yield and showed high direct contributions to yield.Other characters including branches per plant,days to flowering,days to maturity and oil content had low contributions to seed yield.

Analysis of the Correlation between Seed-setting Characters and Seed Investigation Time in Rice

With super hybrid rice cultivar Y Liangyou 1 as the experimental material, seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate, empty grain rate and 1 000-seed weight were investigated for continuous 10 days since the first day post-harvest to reveal the correlation between differences in seed-setting characters of rice and seed investiga- tion time. The results indicated that seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate, empty grain rate and 1 000-seed weight varied at different seed investigation time. With the postponement of seed investigation, seed-setting rate and 1 000-seed weight showed downward trends, abortive grain rate showed an upward trend, while empty grain rate exhibited a significant correlation with seed investigation time. Seed-setting rate, abortive grain rate and 1 000-seed weight exhibited no significant differences within the first three days after the harvest; since day 4, seed-setting rate and 1000-seed weight declined remarkably, while abortive grain rate increased signifi- cantly. Based on the correlation between seed-setting characters of rice and seed investigation time, the analysis of seed-setting characters of rice and other cereal crops should be completed within the first three days after the harvest, thereby im- proving the accuracy of relative conclusion.

Analysis on the Essential Characters and Biological Yield Change of Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato Xuzishu 3

Objective] This study was performed to investigate the trait changes and their correlations as wel as the dynamic changes of biological yield of Xuzishu 3, which wil help to enhance the yield and anthocyanin content of sweetpotato by cul-tivation. [Method] We systematical y measured the agronomic traits, qualitative char-acters and biological yield of Xuzishu 3 during six growing periods to investigate the dynamic changes of its essential characters and yield accumulation. [Result] The characters of Xuzishu 3 appeared most prosperous after the 90th d except for an-thocyanin content. Extremely significant positive correlations were found between ev-ery two of the dry matter rates of above-ground parts （including leaf petioles, leaves and stems）, reducing sugar content and potato weight per plant. Assimilated product distributed more in stems and leaves than in storage roots before the 90th d in growing period. Photosynthetic capacity and net assimilation rate gradual y de-creased after the 90th d, but the assimilated product distributing to storage roots in-creased quickly and maximized in the 135th d. [Conclusion] Xuzishu 3 is a late ma-turing variety requiring more fertilizer, and the accumulation of anthocyanin fluctuates during the growth period of Xuzishu 3. So yield of Xuzishu 3 can be increased by applying more fertilizer and extending the growth period reasonably, meanwhile the anthocyanin content can be increased by means of control ing temperature, light, water and phytohormone within 60 d after planting.

Flower Characteristics and Pollination Behavior of <i>Euryale ferox</i>(Salisb.)

The Euryale ferox (Salisb.) or gorgon or makhana is one of the most important non cereal food crops of commerce from wetland ecosystem in India. Flower is cleistogamous (CLS) and predominantly self-pollinated. The variations in floral characters were observed in 10 types of germplasm viz., Manipur-2, Manipur-4, Manipur-7, Manipur-9, Selection-17, Selection-23, Selection-27, Selection-28, Superior Selection-1 and cv. Swarna Vaidehi. In our present study, the number of flowers varied from 8.33 (Manipur-9) to 16.33 (Superior Selection-1) per plant and flowering period was about 40 days. However, peak pollination was observed between 60 - 70 days after transplanting. The weather of August and September were ideal for pollination and fruit set. The temperature and humidity of this period were 29°C - 31°C and 79% - 81%, respectively. Besides cleistogamy (CL), chasmogamy (CH) is also observed after July flowering in Euryale, when crop gets matured, water level considerably goes down, and flowers are generally opened in air. There were rare chances for cross pollination by insect. In later stage, chasmogamous (CHS) flower increases up to 22.50% in October. Seed formation of the CHS flower was very less and seed number varies from July (11.25/fruit) to September (28.33/fruit). Artificial hybridization can be performed in CHS flower. The complete flower development was noticed within 72 - 96 hrs from floral initiation. Therefore, getting of CHS flower outside water is very less. There were strong correlations between number of embryos (r = 0.762), ovary area (longitudinal) (r = 0.681) with the yield of the Euryale plant.

Effects of Drought Stress on Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Soybean at the Flowering Stage under Different Soil Substrates

Soybean is an important legume food crop,and its seeds are rich in nutrients,providing humans and animals with edible oil and protein feed.However,soybean is sensitive to water requirements,and drought is an important factor limiting soybean yield and quality.This study used Heinong 84(drought resistant variety)and Hefeng 46(intermediate variety)as tested varieties planted in chernozem,albic,and black soils.The effects of drought stress on the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean were studied during the flowering stage,most sensitive to water.(1)The activities of SS-1,6PGDH,and G6PDH enzymes in soybean leaves first increased and then decreased under drought stress.The enzyme activity was the highest under moderate drought stress and weakest in the blank group.(2)Drought stress increased Phi2,PhiNO,and Fm in soybean leaves and reached the highest value under severe drought;with the increase in drought stress,PhiNPQ and Fv/Fm of soybean leaves gradually decreased,reaching the lowest under severe drought.(3)With the increase in drought stress,F0 and Fs of soybean leaves showed a single peak curve,and the maximum was at moderate drought.(4)Correlation analysis showed that F0 was greatly affected by varieties and soil types;Fs,F0,and Fm soil varieties had a great influence,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were affected differently under drought stress with different drought degrees.(5)Drought stress changed the agronomic traits and yield of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,plant height,node number of main stem,effective pod number,100-seed weight and total yield decreased continuously.(6)Drought stress affected the dry matter accumulation of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,the dry matter accumulation gradually decreased.Among them,the leaf was most seriously affected by drought,and SD decreased by about 55%compared with CK.Under the condition of black soil,the dry matter accumulation of soybean was least affected by drought.

Application of Grey Correlation Degree Analysis in Broad Bean Strain Screening

[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height,effective length of podding branches,branch number per plant,pod number per plant,grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod 〉 effective length of podding branches 〉 100-grain weight 〉 pod number per plant 〉 branch number per plant 〉 plant height. [Conclusions]In breeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans,under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety,priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches,followed by the pod number per plant,branch number per plant,plant height,which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans.

半干旱地区燕麦种子产量及其相关农艺性状

本研究选取19个燕麦(Avena sativa)品种(系)的产量相关性状指标,采用相关性分析、通径分析、灰色关联度分析以及聚类分析,探讨甘肃中部半干旱地区燕麦种子产量影响因素并筛选综合性状优良的燕麦种质。结果表明:燕麦种子产量为3 283.33~5 833.33 kg·hm^(-2),其中‘Cinskinaly’的产量最高。种子产量与千粒重、成穗数极显著正相关(P <0.01),与单株穗粒重显著正相关(P <0.05),而与株高显著负相关(P <0.05);通径分析结果表明,单株穗粒数、单株穗粒重、千粒重是决定种子产量的重要因素。聚类分析将19份燕麦材料析划分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类可作饲草资源加以筛选利用;第Ⅱ类适合作高产抗倒伏产籽型品种;第Ⅲ类为优选裸燕麦材料;而第Ⅳ类生产适应性和田间表现差,可直接淘汰。筛选出综合表现较佳的两个裸燕麦品系‘201006-01-01-9’‘201003-06-5’和1个皮燕麦品系‘201113-03-05’,可提升到甘肃省区域试验。

干热区紫花苜蓿的生产性能和营养价值评价

在云南省干热河谷区,以不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种(系)作为研究对象,应用方差和灰色关联度的分析方法对其生产性能及营养成分进行综合评价。结果表明,8个品种(系)的一级分枝数和水分有明显差异。所有参试材料在2018年和2020年每年可刈割8次,2019年为9次。6号苜蓿品种‘南苜701-特克拉’的年均干草产量最高,达到29589.96 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于5号‘四季旺’和8号‘德钦’(P<0.05)。在2018年,8个苜蓿品种(系)产量在4个季度中从高到低的排列顺序为第3季度>第2季度>第4季度>第1季度。所有供试材料的粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、全钙、无氮浸出物差异均不显著(P>0.05)。8号品种‘德钦’的粗蛋白含量(21.43%)、粗灰分(10.16%)和全磷含量(0.25%)均最高,粗纤维含量最低(18.36%)。经灰色关联度分析表明,‘热引41号紫花苜蓿’‘德钦’‘多叶’和‘WL525HQ’的综合表现较好,在该地区具有较高的推广利用价值。

蛤蜊岗不同贝龄四角蛤蜊数量性状的通径分析

为研究蛤蜊岗不同贝龄四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)形态性状与质量性状之间的相关性,采用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法,对1~3龄四角蛤蜊的壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、壳高(SH)、活体湿重(BW)和软组织湿重(RW)等参数进行分析,建立形态性状与质量性状之间的回归方程。结果显示,不同生长阶段四角蛤蜊形态性状对质量性状的贡献存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。与1~3龄四角蛤蜊活体湿重最相关的形态性状均为壳宽。对软组织湿重影响最大的形态性状,在1龄贝为壳宽,在2龄和3龄贝为壳长。壳高对2龄四角蛤蜊活体湿重和软组织湿重的直接通径系数均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。以活体湿重为目标性状时,1~3龄贝均应以壳宽为主要选择性状,并以壳长作为辅助选择性状;以软组织湿重为目标性状时,1龄贝应以壳宽为主要选择性状,同时辅以壳长;2龄和3龄贝均应以壳长为主要选择性状,并分别以壳宽和壳高作为2龄贝和3龄贝的辅助选择性状。研究结果可为蛤蜊岗四角蛤蜊良种选育提供基础数据。

生态因子对薄皮甜瓜主要性状的影响

通过6个甜瓜品种在海南露地栽培、吉林露地和大棚栽培模式对比分析,测定叶纵径、叶横径、叶面积、单果重、可溶性固形物和果肉厚度等指标。结果显示,海南露地栽培的甜瓜叶片纵径、叶片横径、叶柄长、叶面积、果肉厚度及单瓜重均小于北方大棚和露地种植,而可溶性固形物相反,品种之间也具有一定差异,其中DG-2014-93、MX10表现较好。表明甜瓜的果肉厚度、可溶性固形物、单果重和叶面积等主要性状受品种遗传和生态环境的影响非常大,这为今后甜瓜品种的跨区引种提供一定的理论依据。

优质强筋小麦新品种新麦58农艺性状及产量相关性分析

[目的]为优质强筋小麦新品种新麦58在黄淮海南片麦区的推广提供科学依据。[方法]利用2019—2022年度国家冬小麦品种试验黄淮海南片水地组区域试验和生产试验数据,对新麦58的农艺性状和品质、产量构成、丰产性、相关性进行分析。[结果]新麦58在国家冬小麦品种黄淮海南片水地组3年试验中成穗率较高,有效穗数为638.59万穗/hm 2,穗粒数33.90粒/穗,千粒重43.44 g,生产试验平均产量9264.6 kg/hm 2,比对照增产5.68%,增产点率100%。品质结果达到强筋小麦品质标准。产量三要素相关性和直接通径系数结果均表明,穗粒数是影响新麦58产量的主要因素。[结论]生产上应保证适量的有效穗数,主攻穗粒数,稳定千粒重,进一步挖掘新麦58的高产潜力。

不同大小蝴蝶兰开花性状的相关性研究

以“16136”为试材,调查8.3和11.6 cm蝴蝶兰催花后的开花性状,并采用Excel 2016进行数据整理,SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。研究不同大小蝴蝶兰开花性状之间的相关性,以期建立一个外观质量鉴定标准。结果表明,8.3和11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花朵数、花纵径、花梗长、花序长间的差异均达极显著水平;11.6 cm蝴蝶兰的花横径与8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花横径、花梗数呈极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.3923^(**)和0.3005^(*);11.6 cm蝴蝶兰的花纵径与8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花横径、花梗数呈极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.5434^(**)和0.3825^(*);且8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花横径和花纵径对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花朵数具有负效应;8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花梗长和花序长对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花纵径具有负效应;8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花梗长和花梗数对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花序长具有负效应;8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花梗长、花序长和花梗数对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花朵数具有正效应;8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花朵数、花横径、花序长和花梗数对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花序长具有正效应,且花朵数对花序长的正效应最大;8.3 cm蝴蝶兰的花朵数和花梗数对11.6 cm蝴蝶兰花梗数具有正效应。

基于主成分和系统聚类分析法对23个观赏向日葵株系农艺性状的综合评价

以质量性状和数量性状为依据对观赏向日葵株系进行评价,为观赏向日葵新品种选育提供参考。以23个具有较高观赏价值的观赏向日葵株系为研究材料,对苗期及花期表型性状进行分析,采用赋值法对质量性状指标进行分级;在表型性状相关性分析基础上,进行主成分分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明,观赏向日葵株系的多样性指数、变异程度均较高,质量性状多样性指数为0.614~1.818,数量性状为1.240~1.794;舌状花宽、舌状花瓣数在各材料中的变异系数较大,分别为60.32%、42.99%。主成分分析发现前5个主成分的特征值分别为4.431、2.447、1.807、1.322、1.054,方差贡献率分别为27.696%、15.293%、11.297%、8.261%、6.585%,累计贡献率为69.132%。系统聚类分析法将该观赏向日葵株系聚为3个类群,幼苗茎色、花瓣类型、舌状花颜色、花药颜色等是进行不同类群区分的主要表型性状。筛选出开花天数最长的株系gsk3014,开花期较早的株系gsk3013、gsk3014、gsk3019、gsk3020。

丽水南酸枣果实表型性状分析评价

以丽水南酸枣为研究材料,测定分析单果质量、纵径、横径、果肉鲜质量等果实表型性状指标。结果表明:南酸枣单果质量为10.38~14.14 g,果形指数为1.14~1.25,变异系数小,果形均匀。果实可食率最高可达63.85%,平均57.36%,可食率53%~62%占比95%,明显高于江西、湖北、贵州、福建等地17%~30%可食率。相关性分析结果表明,可食率与果肉鲜质量呈显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.05),与其他指标无相关性,说明果肉鲜质量是评价果实可食率高低的关键因素。以可食率为指标可以筛选优良果用南酸枣。主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分累积贡献率为96.32%。第1主成分主要反映果实、果核大小;第2主成分主要反映果核形态;第3主成分主要反映果实形态特征;第4主成分反映果皮质量。丽水南酸枣果实属中型果,未来人工培育大果型优质品种是提升南酸枣开发利用水平的有效途径。

2011—2021年东北春谷区谷子选育品种现状分析

【目的】通过对2011—2021年东北春谷区选育品种的产量性状及农艺性状进行分析,明确该区域谷子育种现状及存在的问题,为东北春谷区新品种选育、示范推广及资源利用等方面提供理论指导。【方法】利用SPSS 23.0软件对东北春谷区2011—2021年间国家谷子品种区域试验参试品种及通过国家非主要农作物登记品种的生育期、公顷穗数、株高、穗长、单穗重、单穗粒重、出谷率、千粒重和产量等性状进行相关分析及总体评价。【结果】2011—2021年东北春谷区选育的品种在产量上有增加的趋势,但产量潜力提升不显著;登记的品种中产量最高的是九谷23和九谷25,分别为6498.00和6357.00 kg/hm^(2);与对照品种产量相比,增产幅度最大的品种是豫杂谷1号和豫谷35,分别为12.98%和12.21%;株高低于150 cm的品种有26个,株高低于130 cm的品种有20个;多元逐步回归分析表明,公顷穗数(X_(2))、穗长(X_(4))、单穗粒重(X_(6))、千粒重(X_(8))决定了产量91.20%的变异;相关分析表明,公顷穗数、株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率和千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关,其中单穗重和单穗粒重对产量影响最大。【结论】东北春谷区选育的新品种在产量、株高等方面取得了一定的进展,在今后品种选育过程中,应注意各性状之间的关联性,培育综合性及各性状之间协调性较强的谷子新品种。

张掖耐盐碱亚麻品种筛选与示范研究

为筛选生育期适宜、丰产性好、出麻率高、纤维产量高的亚麻品种,高效开发利用张掖盐碱地;以8个亚麻品种为试验材料,以张掖市龙纺麻业提供的山丹为对照,在山丹县位奇镇进行试验;对不同品种原茎产量、种子产量以及其他农艺性状进行田间鉴定;结果表明:8个参试品种的原茎、纤维产量均较当地对照品种山丹大幅度增产,其中华亚5号产量居首,中亚麻3号稍逊,二者原茎较当地对照品种山丹分别增产94.83%和80.85%,达极显著水平;纤维较当地对照品种增产164.74%和147.32%,达极显著水平;华亚5号、中亚麻3号等2个品种(系)在张掖试点综合经济性状、丰产性表现较好,适应性及抗逆性相对较强,可在张掖作为纤维用亚麻品种示范推广.

红乌杂交天麻栽培及其不同海拔的质量比较

在海拔1800 m处栽培红乌杂交天麻(Gastrodia elata Blvme.)商品麻、麻种,分析红乌杂交天麻箭麻农艺性状相关性。在海拔1800、500 m处栽培红乌杂交天麻商品麻并进行产量、相关性分析。结果表明,在海拔1800 m处栽培红乌杂交天麻商品麻,箭麻的数量少、单个重、产量高,箭麻单个重量与块茎长、块茎形指数呈极显著正相关。与海拔500 m相比,在海拔1800 m处栽培的红乌杂交天麻,箭麻的单个块茎鲜重、干重、对羟基苯甲醇含量、天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总含量均显著较高。在栽培红乌杂交天麻麻种时,麻种数量、产量、市场价格及栽培效益均较高。

大白菜制种幼苗越冬预测模型的建立

以20份越冬大白菜幼苗为试材,采用灰色关联度分析法,对大白菜幼苗形态特征进行分析并筛选适宜的形态特征指标,以期为制种大白菜幼苗越冬形态特征建立预测模型。结果表明:“冬前”大白菜幼苗的地上鲜质量、单株叶面积、叶片数、根茎粗、侧根数等形态特征与越冬率高度关联(关联系数分别为0.7981、0.7506、0.7352、0.7074、0.6769),各个指标充分反映了幼苗越冬能力。以所选“冬前”形态指标相对值为自变量,构建预测模型Y=68.885+0.963X_(1)-0.011X_(2)-0.168X_(3)+10.983X_(5)+0.116X_(7)。经回代检验,模型准确率超过97.00%。利用均方根误差(1.4053)和相对误差(0.0148)对模型评价,其预测值高度精确,能够有效地预测制种大白菜幼苗越冬率。综合各项指标表明,利用灰色关联分析法建立的模型非常可靠,能够用于露地大白菜幼苗越冬率预测模型的建立,为基层技术人员提供有力的技术参考依据。