On the Application of Mixed Models of Probability and Convex Set for Time-Variant Reliability Analysis

In time-variant reliability problems,there are a lot of uncertain variables from different sources.Therefore,it is important to consider these uncertainties in engineering.In addition,time-variant reliability problems typically involve a complexmultilevel nested optimization problem,which can result in an enormous amount of computation.To this end,this paper studies the time-variant reliability evaluation of structures with stochastic and bounded uncertainties using a mixed probability and convex set model.In this method,the stochastic process of a limit-state function with mixed uncertain parameters is first discretized and then converted into a timeindependent reliability problem.Further,to solve the double nested optimization problem in hybrid reliability calculation,an efficient iterative scheme is designed in standard uncertainty space to determine the most probable point(MPP).The limit state function is linearized at these points,and an innovative random variable is defined to solve the equivalent static reliability analysis model.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two benchmark numerical examples and a practical engineering problem.

Development of distributed time-variant gain model for nonlinear hydrological systems

In this paper, a rainfall-runoff modeling system is developed based on a nonlinear Volterra functional series and a hydrological conceptual modeling approach. Two models, i.e. the time-variant gain model (TVGM) and the distributed time-variant gain model (DTVGM) that are built on the platform of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Remote Sensing (RS) and Unit Hydro-logical Process were proposed. The developed DTVGM model was applied to two cases in the Heihe River Basin that is located in the arid and semiarid region of northwestern China and the Chaobai River basin located in the semihumid region of northern China. The results indicate that, in addition to the classic dynamic differential approach to describe nonlinear processes in hy-drological systems, it is possible to study such complex processes through the proposed sys-tematic approach to identify prominent hydrological relations. The DTVGM, coupling the advan-tages of both nonlinear and distributed hydrological models, can simulate variant hydrological processes under different environment conditions. Satisfactory results were obtained in fore-casting the time-space variations of hydrological processes and the relationships between land use/cover change and surface runoff variation.

Mechanisms Influencing Learning Gains Under Information Security: Structural Equation Modeling with Mediating Effect

With the expanding enrollments in higher education,the quality of col-lege education and the learning gains of students have attracted much attention.It is important to study the influencing factors and mechanisms of individual stu-dents’acquisition of learning gains to improve the quality of talent cultivation in colleges.However,in the context of information security,the original data of learning situation surveys in various universities involve the security of educa-tional evaluation data and daily privacy of teachers and students.To protect the original data,data feature mining and correlation analyses were performed at the model level.This study selected 12,181 pieces of data from X University,which participated in the Chinese College Student Survey(CCSS)from 2018 to 2021.A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and a structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 24.0.Through hypothesis testing,this study explored the mechanisms that influence learning gains from the per-spectives of student involvement,teacher involvement,and school support.The results indicated that the quality of student involvement has an important mediat-ing effect on learning gains and that a supportive campus environment has the greatest influence on learning gains.Establishing positive emotional communica-tions between teachers and students is a more direct and effective method than improving the teaching level to improve the quality of student involvement.This study discusses the implications of these results on the research and practice of connotative development in higher education.

Robust Parameter Identification Method of Adhesion Model for Heavy Haul Trains

A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy-duty trains. Firstly, a Kiencke stick-creep identification model was constructed, and the parameter identification task was transformed into a quadratic programming problem. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was constructed to solve the problem, into which a time-varying forgetting factor was added to track the change of the rail environment, and to solve the uncertainty problem of the wheel-rail environment. The Granger causality test was adopted to detect the interference, and then the weights of the current data were redistributed to solve the problem of noise interference in parameter identification. Finally, simulations were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method could track the change of the track environment in time, reduce the noise interference in the identification process, and effectively identify the adhesion performance parameters.

Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness Calculation and Dynamic Modeling of Spiral Bevel Gear with Spalling Defects

Time-varying mesh stiffness(TVMS)is a vital internal excitation source for the spiral bevel gear(SBG)transmission system.Spalling defect often causes decrease in gear mesh stiffness and changes the dynamic characteristics of the gear system,which further increases noise and vibration.This paper aims to calculate the TVMS and establish dynamic model of SBG with spalling defect.In this study,a novel analytical model based on slice method is proposed to calculate the TVMS of SBG considering spalling defect.Subsequently,the influence of spalling defect on the TVMS is studied through a numerical simulation,and the proposed analytical model is verified by a finite element model.Besides,an 8-degrees-of-freedom dynamic model is established for SBG transmission system.Incorporating the spalling defect into TVMS,the dynamic responses of spalled SBG are analyzed.The numerical results indicate that spalling defect would cause periodic impact in time domain.Finally,an experiment is designed to verify the proposed dynamic model.The experimental results show that the spalling defect makes the response characterized by periodic impact with the rotating frequency of spalled pinion.

Robust Adaptive Gain Higher Order Sliding Mode Observer Based Control-constrained Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Spacecraft Formation Flying

This work deals with the development of a decentralized optimal control algorithm, along with a robust observer,for the relative motion control of spacecraft in leader-follower based formation. An adaptive gain higher order sliding mode observer has been proposed to estimate the velocity as well as unmeasured disturbances from the noisy position measurements.A differentiator structure containing the Lipschitz constant and Lebesgue measurable control input, is utilized for obtaining the estimates. Adaptive tuning algorithms are derived based on Lyapunov stability theory, for updating the observer gains,which will give enough flexibility in the choice of initial estimates.Moreover, it may help to cope with unexpected state jerks. The trajectory tracking problem is formulated as a finite horizon optimal control problem, which is solved online. The control constraints are incorporated by using a nonquadratic performance functional. An adaptive update law has been derived for tuning the step size in the optimization algorithm, which may help to improve the convergence speed. Moreover, it is an attractive alternative to the heuristic choice of step size for diverse operating conditions. The disturbance as well as state estimates from the higher order sliding mode observer are utilized by the plant output prediction model, which will improve the overall performance of the controller. The nonlinear dynamics defined in leader fixed Euler-Hill frame has been considered for the present work and the reference trajectories are generated using Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations of unperturbed motion. The simulation results based on rigorous perturbation analysis are presented to confirm the robustness of the proposed approach.

A Switching Method for a Model Reference Robust Control with Unknown High Frequency Gain Sign

The problem of controlling a single-input-single-output plant without prior knowledge of high frequency gain sign is addressed by using the model reference robust control approach.A switching method is proposed based on a monitoring function so that after a finite number of swi- tchings the tracking error converges to zero exponentially.Furthermore,it is shown that if some initial states of the closed-loop system are zero,only one switching is needed.

Thermal analytic model of current gain for bipolar junction transistor-bipolar static induction transistor compound device

This paper proposes a thermal analytical model of current gain for bipolar junction transistor-bipolar static induction transistor （BJT-BSIT） compound device in the low current operation. It also proposes a best thermal compensating factor to the compound device that indicates the relationship between the thermal variation rate of current gain and device structure. This is important for the design of compound device to be optimized. Finally, the analytical model is found to be in good agreement with numerical simulation and experimental results. The test results demonstrate that thermal variation rate of current gain is below 10% in 25 ℃-85 ℃ and 20% in -55 ℃-25 ℃.

Band Structure and Optical Gain of InGaAs/GaAsBi Type-Ⅱ Quantum Wells Modeled by the k·p Model

Optical gains of type-Ⅱ In Ga As/Ga As Bi quantum wells（QWs） with W, N, and M shapes are analyzed theoretically for near-infrared laser applications. The bandgap and wave functions are calculated using the self-consistent k·p Hamiltonian, taking into account valence band mixing and the strain effect. Our calculations show that the M-shaped type-Ⅱ QWs are a promising structure for making 1.3 um lasers at room temperature because they can easily be used to obtain 1.3 um for photoluminescence with a proper thickness and have large wave-function overlap for high optical gain.

The estimation of yearly probability gain for seismic statistical model

Based on the calculation method of information gain in the stochastic process presented by Vere-Jones, the rela tion between information gain and probability gain is studied, which is very common in earthquake prediction, and the yearly probability gain for seismic statistical model is proposed. The method is applied to the non stationary Poisson model with whole-process exponential increase and stress release model. In addition, the prediction method of stress release model is obtained based on the inverse function simulation method of stochastic variable.

Nonlinear Modelling of Automatic Gain Control Loops Considering Loop Dynamics and Stability

This work presents modelling aspects of automatic gain control （AGC） loops based on linear-in-dB variable gain amplifiers （VGAs）. In these loops, the VGA control voltage is also an excellent received signal strength indicator （RSSI）. The VGA gain is however nonlinearly related to the control voltage. Moreover, VGAs and detectors undergo nonlinear compression under high input amplitudes during settling transients. The main contribution in this work is a proposed nonlinear model based on simple and readily available components from the ＂analogLib＂ and ＂functional＂ libraries in CADENCE design environment -making it very easy and fast to build and simulate-that captures the nonlinear effects of AGC loops. The model is capable of verifying the AGC loop stability and capturing the loop dynamics with high accuracy compared to time consuming circuit level simulations. This provides insights into system level parameters such as AGC loop bandwidth, phase margin, settling time as well as estimating the AGC range and RSSI voltage vs. input power. Measurement results from a fabricated AGC prototype are in good agreement with simulation and modelling results thus validating the proposed modelling approach.

Analytical Modeling and Mechanism Analysis of Time-Varying Excitation for Surface Defects in Rolling Element Bearings

Surface defects,including dents,spalls,and cracks,for rolling element bearings are the most common faults in rotating machinery.The accurate model for the time-varying excitation is the basis for the vibration mechanism analysis and fault feature extraction.However,in conventional investigations,this issue is not well and fully addressed from the perspective of theoretical analysis and physical derivation.In this study,an improved analytical model for time-varying displacement excitations(TVDEs)caused by surface defects is theoretically formulated.First and foremost,the physical mechanism for the effect of defect sizes on the physical process of rolling element-defect interaction is revealed.According to the physical interaction mechanism between the rolling element and different types of defects,the relationship between time-varying displacement pulse and defect sizes is further analytically derived.With the obtained time-varying displacement pulse,the dynamic model for the deep groove bearings considering the internal excitation caused by the surface defect is established.The nonlinear vibration responses and fault features induced by surface defects are analyzed using the proposed TVDE model.The results suggest that the presence of surface defects may result in the occurrence of the dual-impulse phenomenon,which can serve as indexes for surface-defect fault diagnosis.

Time-varying gravity field model of Sichuan-Yunnan region based on the equivalent mass source model

High-precision time-varying gravity field is an effective way to study the internal mass movement and understanding the spatio-temporal evolution process of the geodynamic system.Compared to the satellite gravity measurement,the repeated terrestrial gravity observation can provide a more high-order signal related to the shallow crust and subsurface.However,the suitable and unified method for gravity model estimation is a key problem for further applications.In this study,we introduce the spherical hexahedron element to simulate the field source mass and forward model the change of gravity field located at the Sichuan-Yunnan region(99—104°E,23—29°N)in the four epochs from 2015 to 2017.Compared to the experimental results based on Slepian or spherical harmonics frequency domain method,this alternative approach is suitable for constructing the equivalent mass source model of regional-scale gravity data,by introducing the first-order smooth prior condition of gravity time-varying signal to suppress the high-frequency component of the signal.The results can provide a higher spatial resolution reference for regional gravity field modeling in the Sichuan-Yunnan region.

基于ESO的永磁同步电机自耦合无模型滑模控制

为了解决基于模型的永磁同步电机调速系统易受外部负载扰动影响的问题,实现转速的高性能控制,提出自耦合无模型滑模级联式统一化控制策略。考虑参数不确定性以及内外扰动,建立了永磁同步电机双环超局部矢量模型。在传统无模型滑模控制器的基础上,通过选取比例双重积分滑模面设计了级联式无模型滑模速度、电流控制器,有效减小了转速的稳态误差。通过设计速度因子解决了控制器比例积分增益整定不合理的问题,同时采用扩张状态观测器对超局部模型中的未知部分进行估计并进行前馈补偿,设计了基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机自耦合无模型滑模控制调速系统。通过与PI控制及传统无模型滑模控制的对比仿真与实验分析,验证了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。

海南自贸港建设进程中人民获得感理论模型与量表编制

目的:旨在构建海南自贸港建设进程中人民获得感的理论模型并编制适合的获得感量表。方法:通过文献分析建构人民获得感的理论模型并通过开放式问卷和专家咨询编制量表初测问卷题项,然后分别进行了初测和正式施测,并对问卷数据进行统计分析,进而验证理论模型的拟合度并确定海南自贸港建设进程中人民获得感的正式量表。结果:(1)本研究进行探索性因子分析得出人民获得感的5个因子:经济获得感、政治获得感、社会获得感、文化获得感、生态获得感,累积解释总变异的65.008%;(2)正式量表包含5个维度30个题项,验证性因子分析表明,人民获得感五因子结构模型拟合良好(χ^(2)/df=2.93,P<0.001,TLI=0.923,CFI=0.930,RMSEA=0.057);(3)量表的Cronbach’s α为0.957,5个维度的Cronbach’s α分别为0.897、0.838、0.896、0.801、0.913,量表具有良好的内部一致性;(4)量表各维度之间相关系数小于维度与总分之间的相关系数,各维度具有一定的独立性又具有一致性,量表具有较好的结构效度。结论:正式量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以用来评估海南自贸港建设进程中人民的获得感,对提升人民获得感有一定的指导意义。

A Distributed Time-Variant Gain Hydrological Model Based on Remote Sensing

提出了一个完全采用遥感数据驱动的分布式时变增益水文模型,该模型通过融雪、产汇流等水文过程计算,给出流量的雪盖、蒸散发、径流等水文要素。在拉萨河流域,该模型采用遥感USGS-SRTM的3秒DEM、遥感TRMM(The Tropical RainfallMeasuring Mission)降水、Modis-LST(Land Surface Temperature)数据,建立分布式水文模型,模拟了2001-2008年日水文过程。模拟结果效率系数接近0.7,相关系数接近0.8,水量平衡误差5%以内。说明完全依靠遥感驱动水文模型进行水文水资源模拟可行。该模型为解决高寒山区无资料或缺资料地区水文水资源问题提供了一个新方法。

汉江上游白河流域洪水类型辨识与模拟

构建多维度洪水行为特征指标刻画洪水过程,结合主成分分析、K均值聚类和水文模型等方法,辨识并模拟白河流域主要洪水类型及其行为特征。结果表明:白河流域主要洪水类型可分为矮胖型中等洪水、剧烈变化型大洪水、尖瘦型中等洪水和单峰突发性小洪水4类;洪水类型的空间分布具有显著的区域差异,干流以矮胖型中等洪水类型为主,支流以单峰突发性小洪水类型为主;时变增益水文模型能够准确捕捉不同类型洪水的行为特征,特别对尖瘦型中等洪水和单峰突发性小洪水的量级、涨落变化等特征模拟效果较好。研究成果可为流域防洪减灾和水资源区域化科学管理等提供科学支撑。

基于机器学习的锆合金在360℃/18.6 MPa溶氧水中腐蚀预测方法研究

锆合金在核反应堆复杂环境中会发生氧化,为进行高温锆合金腐蚀增重研究,以基于机器学习的预测方法为其提供新的辅助手段。数据集来源于实验记录数据,使用7种机器学习算法进行锆合金腐蚀增重模型的建立,通过对比性能指标的差异,进行进一步的超参数优化和交叉验证,最终得到优化的XGBoost-锆合金腐蚀增重预测模型。结果表明,经过验证集进行验证得出预测值的平均绝对百分比误差约为5.3%。通过SHAP解释法进行模型的解释性分析,得出重要性较高的特征为腐蚀时间和温度,为进一步的腐蚀研究提供了关键特征。最终所建立的模型可以从数据驱动的角度准确预测锆合金腐蚀增重情况,辅助和加快锆合金腐蚀研究。

AlGaN/GaN HEMT小信号放大电路设计及放大增益预测

采用计算机辅助设计技术(TCAD)对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件进行了仿真,并利用Multisim设计了AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的低频小信号放大电路.由于GaN材料的宽带隙和高载流子迁移率,HEMT器件可以在空间科学应用中取代Si基MOSFET.TCAD的仿真结果通过与测试结果的比较进行了修正.通过Multisim仿真结果与搭建的AlGaN/GaN HEMT共源共栅放大电路的测试结果对放大电路的放大特性进行了验证.以此为基础,利用TCAD模拟改变了结构参数的器件特性并采用改进了结构参数的AlGaN/GaN HEMT设计共源共栅放大电路.仿真结果表明,该放大电路在低频和室温下的电压放大能力可达6 200倍.

山地城市公交服务感知与出行幸福感关系研究——基于获得感的调节作用

将幸福感理论与城市公共交通出行相结合,基于结构方程模型,实证检验山地城市居民公交服务质量感知与出行幸福感之间的非线性关系,以及公交资源获得感在两者之间的调节效应。结果表明:1)公交服务质量感知与出行幸福感之间存在非线性关系,且出行幸福感呈现出边际递减特征;2)山地城市居民公交资源获得感在公交服务质量感知与出行幸福感之间具有显著负向调节效应,公交服务质量感知对出行幸福感的正向影响随公交资源获得感的增强而减弱;3)山地城市公交资源获得感对出行幸福感具有正向显著影响。研究结论可为促进城市公交“满意度-获得感-幸福感”的制度改革提供启发,利于提高山地城市居民公交出行幸福感。