Resistance development,cross-resistance,and fitness costs associated with Aphis gossypii resistance towards sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in different geographical regions

Aphis gossypii has become increasingly difficult to manage due to its strong insecticide resistance.In the laboratory,we established sulfoxaflor-resistant and acetamiprid-resistant strains in two A.gossypii populations with different basal insecticide resistance levels,and evaluated the effects of basal insecticide resistance on the resistance development and cross-resistance,as well as differences in fitness.Under the same selection pressure,Yarkant A.gossypii(with low basal insecticide resistance)evolved resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid more quickly than Jinghe A.gossypii(with high basal insecticide resistance),and the evolution of A.gossypii resistance to sulfoxaflor developed faster than acetamiprid in both Yarkant and Jinghe,Xingjiang,China.The sulfoxaflor-resistant strains selected from Yarkant and Jinghe developed significant cross-resistance to acetamiprid,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam and pymetrozine;while the acetamiprid-resistant strains developed significant cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,pymetrozine,and chlorpyrifos.The relative fitness of A.gossypii decreased as the resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid developed.The relative fitness levels of the sulfoxaflor-resistant strains(Yarkant-SulR and Jinghe-SulR)were lower than those of the acetamipridresistant strains(Yarkant-AceR and Jinghe-AceR).In addition,the relative fitness levels of sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant strains were lower in Jinghe than in Yarkant.In summary,basal insecticide resistance of A.gossypii and insecticide type affected the evolution of resistance to insecticides in A.gossypii,as well as cross-resistance to other insecticides.The sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant A.gossypii strains had obvious fitness costs.The results of this work will contribute to the insecticide resistance management and integrated management of A.gossypii.

Irregular surface seismic forward modeling by a body-fitted rotated–staggered-grid finite-difference method

Finite-difference(FD) methods are widely used in seismic forward modeling owing to their computational efficiency but are not readily applicable to irregular topographies. Thus, several FD methods based on the transformation to curvilinear coordinates using body-fitted grids have been proposed, e.g., stand staggered grid(SSG) with interpolation, nonstaggered grid, rotated staggered grid(RSG), and fully staggered. The FD based on the RSG is somewhat superior to others because it satisfies the spatial distribution of the wave equation without additional memory and computational requirements; furthermore, it is simpler to implement. We use the RSG FD method to transform the firstorder stress–velocity equation in the curvilinear coordinates system and introduce the highprecision adaptive, unilateral mimetic finite-difference(UMFD) method to process the freeboundary conditions of an irregular surface. The numerical results suggest that the precision of the solution is higher than that of the vacuum formalism. When the minimum wavelength is low, UMFD avoids the surface wave dispersion. We compare FD methods based on RSG, SEM, and nonstaggered grid and infer that all simulation results are consistent but the computational efficiency of the RSG FD method is higher than the rest.

AN EXPONENTIALLY FITTED DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR THE HYPERBOLIC-HYPERBOLIC SINGULARLY PERTURBED INITIAL-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM

In this paper we discuss, an initial-boundary value problem of hyperbolic type with first derivative with respect to x. The asymptotic solution is constructed and its uniform validity is proved under weader compatibility conditions. Then we develop an exponentially fitted difference scheme and establish discrete energy inequality. Finally, we prove that the solution of difference problem uniformly converges to the solution of the original problem.

DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR AN INITIAL-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR LINEAR COEFFICIENT-VARIED PARABOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH A NONSMOOTH BOUNDARY LAYER FUNCTION

In this paper, using nonuniform mesh and exponentially fitted difference method, a uniformly convergent difference scheme for an initial-boundary value problem of linear parabolic differential equation with the nonsmooth boundary layer function with respect to small parameter e is given, and error estimate and numerical result are also given.

Fixed-Time Adaptive Time-Varying Matrix Projective Synchronization of Time-Delayed Chaotic Systems with Different Dimensions

This paper deals with the fixed-time adaptive time-varying matrix projective synchronization(ATVMPS)of different dimensional chaotic systems(DDCSs)with time delays and unknown parameters.Firstly,to estimate the unknown parameters,adaptive parameter updated laws are designed.Secondly,to realize the fixed-time ATVMPS of the time-delayed DDCSs,an adaptive delay-unrelated controller is designed,where time delays of chaotic systems are known or unknown.Thirdly,some simple fixed-time ATVMPS criteria are deduced,and the rigorous proof is provided by employing the inequality technique and Lyapunov theory.Furthermore,the settling time of fixed-time synchronization(Fix-TS)is obtained,which depends only on controller parameters and system parameters and is independent of the system’s initial states.Finally,simulation examples are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.

Time-dependent model for two-phase flow in ultra-high water-cut reservoirs:Time-varying permeability and relative permeability

For the ultra-high water-cut reservoirs,after long-term water injection exploitation,the physical properties of the reservoir change and the heterogeneity of the reservoir becomes increasingly severe,which further aggravates the spatial difference of the flow field.In this study,the displacement experiments were employed to investigate the variations in core permeability,porosity,and relative permeability after a large amount of water injection.A relative permeability endpoint model was proposed by utilizing the alternating conditional expectation(ACE)transformation to describe the variation in relative permeability based on the experimental data.Based on the time dependent models for permeability and relative permeability,the traditional oil-water two-phase model was improved and discretized using the mimetic finite difference method(MFD).The two cases were launched to confirm the validation of the proposed model.The impact of time-varying physical features on reservoir production performance was studied in a real water flooding reservoir.The experimental results indicate that the overall relative permeability curve shifts to the right as water injection increases.This shift corresponds to a transition towards a more hydrophilic wettability and a decrease in residual oil saturation.The endpoint model demonstrates excellent accuracy and can be applied to time-varying simulations of reservoir physics.The impact of variations in permeability and relative permeability on the reservoir production performance yields two distinct outcomes.The time-varying permeability of the reservoir results in intensified water channeling and poor development effects.On the other hand,the time-varying relative permeability enhances the oil phase seepage capacity,facilitating oil displacement.The comprehensive time-varying behavior is the result of the combined influence of these two parameters,which closely resemble the actual conditions observed in oil field exploitation.The time-varying simulation technique of reservoir physical properties proposed in this paper can continuously and stably characterize the dynamic changes of reservoir physical properties during water drive development.This approach ensures the reliability of the simulation results regarding residual oil distribution.

采用曲面拟合算法的超声波流量计研究

为提高超声波流量计的精度,在传统时差法流量测量理论的基础上,提出并实现了一种基于时差法和温度补偿算法的高精度超声波液体流量计。流量计以ARM为内核的STM32F103主控芯片为控制计算中心,并且采用高精度低功耗时间数字转换器计时芯片TDC-GP22进行超声波传输时间的测量。并在传统的查表法温度补偿的基础上,提出了基于流速分段补偿的最小二乘曲面拟合算法,该算法基于温度和流速的关系拟合得到曲面模型,对瞬时流量进行补偿。实验结果表明,与查表法相比,在小流量区最小二乘曲面拟合算法的测量精度更高,其误差小于±2%,温度补偿效果更稳定。

Fish-Eye Image Distortion Correction Based on Adaptive Partition Fitting

The acquisition of images with a fish-eye lens can cause serious image distortion because of the short focal length of the lens.As a result,it is difficult to use the obtained image information.To make use of the effective information in the image,these distorted imagesmust first be corrected into the perspective of projection images in accordance with the human eye’s observation abilities.To solve this problem,this study presents an adaptive classification fitting method for fish-eye image correction.The degree of distortion in the image is represented by the difference value of the distances fromthe distorted point and undistorted point to the center of the image.The target points selected in the image are classified by the difference value.In the areas classified by different distortion differences,different parameter curves were used for fitting and correction.The algorithm was verified through experiments.The results showed that this method has a substantial correction effect on fish-eye images taken by different fish-eye lenses.

EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF FUNCTIONAL-COEFFICIENT REGRESSION MODELS WITH DIFFERENT SMOOTHING VARIABLES

In this article,a procedure for estimating the coefficient functions on the functional-coefficient regression models with different smoothing variables in different coefficient functions is defined.First step,by the local linear technique and the averaged method,the initial estimates of the coefficient functions are given.Second step,based on the initial estimates,the efficient estimates of the coefficient functions are proposed by a one-step back-fitting procedure.The efficient estimators share the same asymptotic normalities as the local linear estimators for the functional-coefficient models with a single smoothing variable in different functions.Two simulated examples show that the procedure is effective.

A study on the characterization of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source positions

In this study,experimental and numerical simulation methods were combined to simulate the changing course of the temperature and velocity fields in nine different fire scenes. The characteristics of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source position factors(h/H) were quantitatively investigated,and the non-dimensional fitting function between the fire source position factors and the maximum temperature was deduced. The results showed that the location of the neutral plane moved upward as the fire source rose,and all the generated smoke spread to the upper areas;however,there was barely any smoke in the lower areas. The maximum temperature was inversely proportional to the fire source position factor;the higher the source position is,i.e. the higher the ratio factor is,the lower the maximum temperature is in the shaft. The experimental verification of the fire dynamics simulator(FDS) showed good results.

基于包装材料数字图像的RGB颜色空间色差评价方法研究

目的解决包装材料复杂颜色区域色差评价,目测检验方法存在判定标准复杂、结果一致性差等问题。方法提出一种基于包装材料高清数字图像的RGB颜色空间色差评价方法。通过搭建高清数字图像采集装置,获取包装材料标准样(上限、中限、下限)的全幅数字图像。通过采用RGB颜色空间降维的方法,对标准样测试区域的颜色空间进行离散边界拟合,构建标准样品测试区域的三限样RGB色差模型,与测试样对应测试区域的颜色空间进行对比;根据颜色空间模型的一致性判定测试样色差是否合格。结果对比多种离散边界拟合模型,采用滚球法边缘拟合模型的包含率和多出率分别达到100%、78.9%,模型拟合效果最佳。通过对包装材料色差缺陷样验证测试,采用上述色差评价方法准确率达到100%。结论本文提出的滚球法颜色空间边缘拟合模型和色差评价方法,可实现对包装材料复杂颜色区域的色差合格性判定,有利于提高企业生产的智能化检测水平。

深度学习的大高差高海拔地区高程拟合方法

大高差高海拔地区的地形复杂多变,传统的高程拟合方法,如多项式拟合、曲面拟合、BP神经网络和遗传算法改进的神经网络等方法,拟合精度都有待提高。本文构建了一种基于深度学习的高程拟合方法,利用西部某铁路控制网的2020年一期二等水准测量数据,采用多层感知器(MLP)作为核心模型,通过结合RAdam优化器和GELU激活函数进行优化,该方法能够有效捕捉该地区的地形特征和高程变化规律,实现高精度的高程拟合。研究分析了不同优化器和激活函数组合对模型性能的影响,结果表明,深度学习模型在大高差高海拔地区高程拟合中表现出较佳性能,其均方误差(MSE)最低,平均绝对误差(MAE)最小,决定系数R 2最接近1,显著优于BP神经网络和遗传算法改进的神经网络方法。特别是RAdam优化器和GELU激活函数的组合,在模型性能上表现最佳。本文所构建出的深度学习大高差高程拟合方法,不仅精度较高且具有良好的泛化能力,能够适应大高差高海拔地区复杂多变的地形特征。

西藏不同地区藏族大学生身体素质状况及影响因素研究

目的:比较西藏不同地区藏族大学生身体素质状况并分析影响因素。方法:按国家学生体质健康标准进行测试,采用卡方检验和二元Logistic模型对西藏民族大学3428名藏族大学生身体素质合格率及影响因素进行统计学分析。结果:共测试藏族大学生3428名,身体素质总合格率为83.34%,其中山南市大学生身体素质合格率为95.53%,林芝为92.05%,日喀则为84.70%,昌都为82.33%,拉萨为78.34%,那曲为75.57%。山南、林芝大学生身体素质合格率显著高于日喀则、昌都、拉萨和那曲,日喀则合格率显著高于拉萨和那曲。藏族大学生低体重、超重和肥胖者身体素质合格率显著低于体重正常者,肥胖者合格率显著低于低体重和超重者。单项指标合格率比较发现,立定跳远合格率最高为昌都(60.5%),最低为山南(46.8%);坐位体前屈合格率最高为山南(95.0%),最低为那曲(87.4%);800m/1000m合格率最高为山南(93.9%),最低为日喀则(76.7%)。BMI、地区均为身体素质测试是否合格的影响因素,低体重、超重、肥胖是藏族大学生身体素质合格的危险因素,而山南是藏族大学生身体素质合格的保护因素。结论:BMI和地区是藏族大学生身体素质的影响因素。

高水平运动员体能水平的群间差异

通过比较不同运动项目高水平运动员的体能差异,一方面明确不同运动项目高水平运动员的体能要求;另一方面为体能测试指标完善与改进提供理论支撑。检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库,筛检多项目高水平运动员体能测试实验;基于Cochrance5.3系统评价手册运用Review Manager5.3软件进行方法学质量评价,运用Stata MP14软件进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析。结果表明:最终纳入17篇文献,18种运动项目;依照最大摄氧能力和肌肉自主收缩的二维项目分类,主要体能指标对应的最佳项目类别为hIlA的柔韧性、力量耐力和最大摄氧能力,hIhA的速度和相对力量,lImA的爆发力,lIhA的相对力量;并计算得出了各类项目上述体能指标的群类值。鉴于不同群类项目的竞技特异性,高水平运动员的体能水平存在明显的群间差异,且同一指标在不同测试环境下会产生偏差。建议针对不同群类项目选择各异的测试指标,设置相应的等级标准以及相对中立的测试手段。

0~6岁儿童真耳-耦合腔差值的特征研究

目的探索儿童真耳-耦合腔差值(real-ear-to-coupler difference,RECD)的变化规律,与西方儿童标准值进行对比,为国内儿童RECD标准值的建立提供基础。方法120例儿童按测试年龄划分为8组,3~月龄组(组1)11例,6~月龄组(组2)15例,12~月龄组(组3)10例,18~月龄组(组4)10例,24~月龄组(组5)18例,36~月龄组(组6)18例,48~月龄组(组7)18例,60~83月龄组(组8)20例。分别对各组进行各频率双耳RECD测试,并与基于西方儿童标准值进行对比,分析其变化规律。结果本组儿童总体RECD平均值低于西方儿童标准值;3~6与7~11月龄,18~23与24~35月龄RECD值无显著差异;RECD总体上随着儿童年龄的增长逐渐减小;儿童左右耳间的RECD值无统计学差异。结论助听器验配时应尽量测得儿童个体RECD值,难以配合完成双耳测试的儿童可将一侧耳数值用于双耳。

福建仙游震群的应力场及其成因分析

利用双差定位法对2010年8月1日至2014年12月31日福建仙游地区中国地震台网中心记录到的地震群进行重定位,并采用P波初动的方法求解出该震群的159个震源机制解,显示该震群的震源机制解结果与背景构造应力场表现明显不一致。为了进一步探究差异性存在的原因,将得到的震群震源机制解结果分区域和分深度求解应力场,结果显示:金钟水库的东南部附近应力方向更远离背景构造应力方向,并且应力形因子小于0.5,中间轴呈现为拉张应力;随着深度的增加,应力场的方向也更接近背景构造应力场的方向。此外,根据前人研究推断该区域应力方向发生偏转是由于太平洋板块在深部的低角度俯冲挤压导致浅部张开,应力呈现为东西向拉张所致。在上述两原因的共同作用下,使得经震源机制解反演出的应力场结果与背景应力场差别较大。

幼儿体质健康水平与工作记忆加工的差异特征:来自fNIRS的证据

目的:探讨幼儿体质健康发展水平与工作记忆加工的大脑神经关联,为幼儿体质健康促进与认知发展提供依据。方法:选取98名4~6岁学龄前儿童,按照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的内容评估幼儿体质健康发展水平,采用功能性近红外光谱脑成像(fNIRS)技术,监测幼儿执行工作记忆任务时的大脑前额叶皮层血氧动力学信号,采用4(体质健康,分为优秀、良好、合格、不合格)×2(记忆难度,分为低记忆难度、高记忆难度)的混合实验设计探讨幼儿体质健康水平与大脑工作记忆时的行为学和前额叶氧合血红蛋白浓度差异。结果:1)在低记忆难度条件下,体质健康优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在右侧背外侧前额叶皮层(R-DLPFC)显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、右侧三角部布罗卡氏区(R-PTBA)、右侧额极区(R-FPA)及左侧背外侧前额叶皮层(L-DLPFC)显著大于合格组,在L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组;2)在高记忆难度条件下,优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于合格组和不合格组;良好组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在L-DLPFC和R-PTBA显著大于合格组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组,合格组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC、R-FPA及L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于不合格组;3)优秀组和良好组在高记忆难度条件下的R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于低记忆难度条件下;4)合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-FPA和L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下;5)不合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-PTBA的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下。结论:幼儿的体质健康发展水平与工作记忆存在密切关联,表现为体质健康发展水平越高,大脑在执行工作记忆任务时的前额叶相关皮层激活程度越高。

中国全民健身公共服务供给水平的区域差异及收敛性研究——基于更高水平的全民健身公共服务视角

为推进全民健身公共服务均等化发展,提升人民群众参与体育运动的“幸福感”“获得感”。文章在熵权法对全民健身公共服务供给水平进行量化评估的基础上,运用核密度非参数估计法、Dagum基尼系数及其分解法探析全国及东、中、西部供给水平的区域差异,并运用计量经济模型分析β收敛特征。研究认为:(1)从绝对差异看,全国及东、中、西部区域全民健身公共服务均表现出供给水平提升和绝对差异减小的趋同特征;(2)从相对差异看,全国及东、中、西部区域全民健身公共服务供给水平的均等化程度均有显著提高,各区域内的均等化程度依次为西部>东部>中部区域,各区域间的均等化程度依次为中-西部>东-西部>东-中部区域。(3)全国及东、中、西部区域均存在显著的β收敛特征,供给弱势地区呈现明显的“追赶”态势,各区域全民健身公共服务供给水平会随时间的推移逐步趋于同一稳态水平。

基于紧致差分格式的风电叶片抗弯刚度分布辨识

针对叶片抗弯刚度分布难以辨识的实际问题,提出一种基于单点静载挠度拟合和紧致差分格式的叶片抗弯刚度辨识方法,建立叶片静态标定工况弯曲变形数学模型,进一步推导出各截面挠度和抗弯刚度表达式。通过对多支不同型号叶片的分析结果表明,叶中部分抗弯刚度辨识误差均小于5%,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于信号拟合和图像对比的有源配电网故障时刻检测方法

为了解决传统故障时刻检测方法较依赖采样频率且易受谐波和衰减振荡影响的问题,提出了一种信号拟合和图像对比相结合的故障时刻检测方法。首先,该方法将衰减因子引入傅里叶级数拟合模型,可精确拟合并扩展信号中的谐波和衰减振荡分量。然后,利用差异哈希对扩展信号和原始故障信号进行分段对比,使用中值滤波去除由拟合误差带来的零散像素点。最后,逐列检测故障时刻。仿真表明,该方法将检测误差控制在像素级,对采样频率较低或具有谐波和衰减振荡的信号也可准确地检测故障时刻,适用多种复杂的故障场景。