Application of coupled analysis methods for prediction of blast-induced dominant vibration frequency

Blast-induced dominant vibration frequency （DVF） involves a complex, nonlinear and small sample system considering rock properties, blasting parameters and topography. In this study, a combination of grey relational analysis and dimensional analysis procedures for prediction of dominant vibration frequency are presented. Six factors are selected from extensive effect factor sequences based on grey relational analysis, and then a novel blast-induced dominant vibration frequency prediction is obtained by dimensional analysis. In addition, the prediction is simplified by sensitivity analysis with 195 experimental blast records. Validation is carried out for the proposed formula based on the site test database of the first- period blasting excavation in the Guangdong Lufeng Nuclear Power Plant （GLNPP）. The results show the proposed approach has a higher fitting degree and smaller mean error when compared with traditional predictions.

Comparison of dominant frequency attenuation of blasting vibration for different charge structures

Dominant frequency attenuation is a significant concern for frequency-based criteria of blasting vibration control.It is necessary to develop a concise and practical prediction equation describing dominant frequency attenuation.In this paper,a prediction equation of dominant frequency that accounts for primary parameters influencing the dominant frequency was proposed based on theoretical and dimensional analyses.Three blasting experiments were carried out in the Chiwan parking lot for collecting blasting vibration data used to conduct regression analysis of the proposed prediction equation.The fitting equations were further adopted to compare the reliability of three different types of dominant frequencies in the proposed equation and to explore the effects of different charge structures on the dominant frequency attenuation.The apparent frequency proved to be more reliable to express the attenuation law of the dominant frequency.The reliability and superiority of the proposed equation employing the apparent frequency were verified by comparison with the other five prediction equations.The smaller blasthole diameter or decoupling ratio leads to the higher initial value and corresponding faster attenuation of the dominant frequency.The blasthole diameter has a greater influence on the dominant frequency attenuation than the decoupling ratio does.Among the charge structures applied in the experiments,the charge structure with decoupling ratio of 1.5 and blasthole diameter of 48 mm results in the greatest initial value and corresponding fastest attenuation of the dominant frequency.

Nonparametric Spectral Estimation Technique to Estimate Dominant Frequency for Atrial Fibrillation Detection

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is related with heart failure, stroke, and high mortality rates. In frequency domain analysis, pre-requisite for Afib detection has been the estimation of reliable dominant frequency (DF) of atrial signals via different spectral estimation techniques. DF further characterizes Afib, and helps in its treatment. This paper aims at finding the most appropriate nonparametric FFT-based spectral estimation technique to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection. In this work, real-time intra-atrial electrograms have been acquired and pre-processed for frequency analysis. DF is estimated via Bartlett using Hanning window, and Welch methods. Regularity index (RI), a parameter to ensure reliability of DF, is calculated using Simpson 3/8 and Trapezoidal rules. The best method is declared based upon high accuracy of Afib detection using reliable DF. On comparison, Welch method is found to be more appropriate to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection with 98% accuracy.

A fast space-time-domain Gaussian beam migration approach using the dominant frequency approximation

The Gaussian beam migration(GBM) is a steady imaging approach, which has high accuracy and efficiency. Its implementation mainly includes the traditional frequency domain and the recent popular space-time domain. Firstly, we use the upward ray tracing strategy to get the backward wavefields. Then,we use the dominant frequency of the seismic data to simplify the imaginary traveltime calculation of the wavefields, which can cut down the Fourier transform number compared with the traditional GBM in the space-time domain. In addition, we choose an optimized parameter for the take-off angle increment of the up-going and down-going rays. These optimizations help us get an efficient space-time-domain acoustic GBM approach. Typical four examples show that the proposed method can significantly improve the computational efficiency up to one or even two orders of magnitude in different models with different model parameters and produce good imaging results with comparable accuracy and resolution with the traditional GBM in the space-time domain.

Estimating rock properties using sound signal dominant frequencies during diamond core drilling operations

In many engineering applications such as mining,geotechnical and petroleum industries,drilling operation is widely used.The drilling operation produces sound by-product,which could be helpful for preliminary estimation of the rock properties.Nevertheless,determination of rock properties is very difficult by the conventional methods in terms of high accuracy,and thus it is expensive and timeconsuming.In this context,a new technique was developed based on the estimation of rock properties using dominant frequencies from sound pressure level generated during diamond core drilling operations.First,sound pressure level was recorded and sound signals of these sound frequencies were analyzed using fast Fourier transform (FFT).Rock drilling experiments were performed on five different types of rock samples using computer numerical control (CNC) drilling machine BMV 45 T20.Using simple linear regression analysis,mathematical equations were developed for various rock properties,i.e.uniaxial compressive strength,Brazilian tensile strength,density,and dominant frequencies of sound pressure level.The developed models can be utilized at early stage of design to predict rock properties.

Microwave frequency downshift in the time-varying collision plasma

Microwave frequency downshift in the time-varying collision plasma has been demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulations.The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis,and the preconditions for microwave frequency downshift are that the collision frequency needs to be greater than the incident wave frequency,and the plasma frequency is two times greater than the incident wave frequency.Finally,the simulation results are compared with the reported experimental results indicating good agreement.

损伤岩石声发射演化特征及响应机制试验研究

岩石内部损伤演化是导致岩土工程灾害的原因之一,揭示岩石破裂过程中的关键参数响应特征可为岩石破坏后失稳状态识别提供依据,对于岩体工程灾害预警防控至关重要。通过循环加载-卸载(加卸载)试验制备不同损伤程度粉砂岩试样,利用损伤试样开展单轴加载试验,分析试样损伤程度与波速关系及声发射演化规律,探讨不同损伤程度岩石的声发射响应机制。结果表明:(1)损伤试样纵波波速随着损伤程度增加呈线性减小趋势,但声发射振铃计数由阶段性递增转变为加载全过程迅速增加,声发射能量在屈服阶段由小幅度突增转变为快速增加。(2)反映岩石内部不同尺度裂隙发展趋势的声发射b值峰值区由峰后破坏阶段向压密阶段转移,造成峰后破坏阶段失稳特征不明显,反映岩体内部声发射源集中程度和能量尺度的S值在压密至屈服阶段由低位中幅度波动转变为高位小幅度波动,表明岩石在峰前阶段产生非稳定破坏。(3)损伤试样破裂过程随着损伤程度增加由晶间滑移主导型转变为裂隙发育主导型,导致声发射高频低能(400~800 kHz、0~250 aJ)信号由零星出现转变为加载全过程密集分布,以及高频信号带变宽。(4)损伤岩石内部裂隙发育程度不同是导致声发射响应机制差异化的根本原因,岩石内部裂隙密度随着损伤程度增加而增大,造成其在受载过程中由渐进式稳定破坏模式向突发式非稳定破坏模式转变,同时加载过程中声发射信号活跃度及强度增强。研究获得了不同损伤程度岩石的声发射参数特征,可为工程岩体损伤程度识别提供理论依据。

球形传声器阵列下基于主导声源检测MUSIC群时延算法的多声源定位

针对混响环境中,多径效应、散射、衍射等原因导致声源定位失败或分辨能力不足的现象,提出一种基于主导声源检测MUSIC群时延的邻近多声源定位方法。该方法采用球形传声器阵列,相比平面阵列可以捕获3D声场信息,利用球谐域下信号的频率分量与角度分量解耦的优势,从而可直接利用频率平滑技术处理宽带语声信号而不需要构造聚焦矩阵,并在球谐域下通过设置阈值对一组时频段进行主导声源检测,从而选择出包含直达声的一组时频块来构造MUSIC群时延空间谱。上述举措在提升波达方向估计在高混响环境下定位鲁棒性的同时,也提高了多个邻近声源的分辨能力。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的主导声源检测MUSIC群时延算法,在高混响和低信噪比条件下,仍具有更好的定位精度与更优的邻近多声源分辨效果。

构网型直驱风机的小信号建模及动态频率支撑策略

针对传统构网型直驱风机在大扰动下的频率和功率振荡较大的问题,提出一种动态频率支撑策略。首先对构网型直驱风机进行了详细的小信号建模。其次,通过主导特征根轨迹分析有功频率控制以及交流电压控制环节中参数对频率变化特性的影响,进而提出一种灵活改变控制参数的动态频率支撑策略。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建仿真模型,验证了小信号建模的正确性和所提策略的有效性,表明所提策略能有效减小动态过程中的频率和功率振荡。

白鹤滩水电站坝肩边坡开挖爆破振动概率分布研究

为科学准确判定岩石高边坡开挖爆破振动的概率分布形式,为岩石高边坡爆破振动幅值和频率的不确定性预测提供科学理论基础,以白鹤滩水电站右岸坝肩岩石高边坡开挖工程为研究背景,对典型开挖程序和爆破方案下的岩石高边坡爆破振动幅值和主频实测数据进行了概率统计分析,研究了岩石高边坡开挖爆破振动幅值和主频的概率分布及其主要特征。研究结果表明:正态分布和Gamma分布模型对岩石高边坡开挖预裂和主爆破质点峰值振速概率分布的拟合效果均较好,岩石高边坡开挖预裂和主爆破质点峰值振速的概率分布较好地服从正态或Gamma分布;Gamma分布模型相较于正态分布模型对岩石高边坡开挖预裂和主爆破振动视主频的概率分布存在明显拟合优势,岩石高边坡开挖预裂和主爆破振动视主频概率分布较好地服从Gamma分布。岩石高边坡预裂爆破质点峰值振速和视主频的平均值大于对应主爆破质点峰值振速和视主频的平均值,预裂爆破质点峰值振速和视主频下四分位~上四分位量值范围分别为5.4~11.6 cm/s和36.7~97.6 Hz,主爆破质点峰值振速和视主频下四分位~上四分位量值范围分别为3.8~8.9 cm/s和26.7~97.6 Hz。研究结果显示,经常采用的正态分布并不一定是岩石高边坡开挖爆破振动幅值或主频的最佳概率分布形式,其他典型岩石高边坡工程爆破振动幅值和主频的概率分布有待进一步研究。

高压气体双孔浸没射流振荡频率特性研究

在沸水堆或小型堆中一般将抑压水池作为气体排放的热阱以实现安全壳压力的有效控制。基于这一背景,本文在不同过冷度下对高压气体双孔浸没射流振荡主频特性进行了一系列实验研究,其中不凝性气体份额为0.0~0.4,孔间距范围为1.5 d~3 d。实验结果表明,无论是纯蒸汽还是混合气,在双孔射流时两股气羽均表现出向中间汇聚的形态,甚至汇聚到一起形成联合射流,相较单孔射流而言双孔射流气羽尺度增大冷凝时间延长,所以其振荡主频更低。分析射流参数影响发现,纯蒸汽射流振荡主频随过冷度和孔间距的增加而增加。同时本文总结振荡主频影响规律提出了纯蒸汽射流主频的预测关系式,预测精度在-15%~20%之间。混合气体射流时(纯蒸汽+不凝性气体)振荡主频随过冷度和孔间距的增加而增加,与纯蒸汽射流主频变化规律一致。值得注意的是,混合气射流相较纯蒸汽而言振荡主频更低,并且主频随不凝气份额增加而降低。

花岗岩内幕储层温度预测技术及效果——以共和盆地干热岩为例

青海省共和盆地印支期花岗岩是有利的干热岩资源,但花岗岩内幕地震反射杂乱、非均质性强,目前基于地震资料的温度预测方法少见,制约了干热岩资源的开发。为此,提出花岗岩内幕储层温度预测技术。重构不同频段地震数据,优选花岗岩内幕横向反射连续性好的优势频带(10~20 Hz)数据开展构造解释,并结合地层岩性、电性纵向变化特征,将花岗岩内幕纵向分为四层;依据实验室结果,利用测井资料建立温度与地震速度的关系,然后开展高精度纵波速度反演,从而预测温度空间变化规律。该方法在共和盆地取得了较好的效果,可为类似地区提供参考。

基于灵敏度分析的新能源电力系统同步机组调差系数优化方法

随着新能源的持续并网以及特高压交直流互联电网的形成,电力系统暂态频率稳定事件风险增加。在高渗透率新能源场景下,充分挖掘同步发电机组的调频能力成为提升电力系统频率响应能力的重要手段。针对同步机组的调速器参数,文章利用轨迹灵敏度分析影响最大频率偏差的主导参数,进而通过优化主导参数来提高电力系统的暂态稳定性。通过建立主导参数优化问题的数学模型,解析分析了主导参数对最大频率偏差的影响程度,采用灵敏度分析方法,将非线性优化问题转化为线性规划问题,以减少计算量。在此基础上,文章提出了适用于多机系统的调差系数优化方法,最后通过仿真算例验证了方法的有效性。

软土地区施工现场重载车辆对基坑周围环境振动实测分析

以杭州某软土基坑为背景,通过在基坑周边地表布置加速度传感器,对重载车辆行驶引起的软土地区表层土体振动进行测试,得到软土地区临时施工道路的振动响应。通过统计各测点的加速度平均峰值、加速度振级以及振动主频,分析了软弱土体的振动响应,获取不同车速、测点方位等对土体振动响应的影响,根据重载车辆荷载对土体振动加速度以及振级随着离振源距离变化趋势最终划分基坑周围受重载车辆行驶振动的影响范围,得到软土地区基坑安全施工的范围。通过本次对杭州某软土基坑周边振动测试有助于全面认识重载车辆行驶振动对土体振动的传播规律,并对软土地区的基坑工程设计、安全施工及防灾减灾等提供依据。

Dynamic Characteristics of Double-Helical Planetary Gear Sets Under Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness

Internal and external meshes are two of primary excitation sources which induce vibration while double-helical planetary gear sets are in transmission. Based on the analysis of tooth movement principle,three cases of mesh stiffness are derived via investigating the length of action lines,and catalogued in terms of β < β0,β = β0and β > β_0. The simulation demonstrates mesh stiffness between gear pairs performs as a trapezoid waveform( TW) and changes along with the line of action simultaneously,total mesh stiffness comes from the superposition of each engaged gear. While governing equations of motion contained 16 DOFs( degree of freedom) are constructed and effectively solved through the combination of numerical approaches. Comparing with sinusoidal waveform mesh stiffness( SW),the results show that dynamical factors and perturbation under the excitation of TW( β < β_0) are greater and remarkable than that from SW,with respect to the mean dynamic factors about 1. 51 and 1. 28,respectively. The fluctuation response between ring- planet( R- P) is stronger than sun-planet( S-P) which is also validated by both approach studies,frequency spectra analyses identifies larger distinct rotational resonance and more frequencies under TW excitation.

Analysis of microwave propagation in a time-varying plasma slab with particle-in-cell simulations

Continuous microwave propagation through a time-varying plasma and frequency up-conversion has been demonstrated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. In principle, it is possible to transform a 2.45 GHz source radiation to an arbitrary larger frequency radiation. The energy conversion is also obtained by the theoretical analysis and has been testified by PIC simulation. The source wave was propagating in a parallel plate waveguide locally filled with the ionized gas. In this paper we would discuss the effects of the rise time, the plasma length, the switching time and the collision frequency on the energy conversion, and the methods to improve the upshift wave energy are proposed. We also put forward the new concept of the critical values of the rise time and the source wave amplitude to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of parameters in the experiments.

Sparse Recovery of Linear Time-Varying Channel in OFDM System

In order to improve the performance of linear time-varying（LTV）channel estimation,based on the sparsity of channel taps in time domain,a sparse recovery method of LTV channel in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）system is proposed.Firstly,based on the compressive sensing theory,the average of the channel taps over one symbol duration in the LTV channel model is estimated.Secondly,in order to deal with the inter-carrier interference（ICI）,the group-pilot design criterion is used based on the minimization of mutual coherence of the measurement.Finally,an efficient pilot pattern optimization algorithm is proposed by a dual layer loops iteration.The simulation results show that the new method uses less pilots,has a smaller bit error ratio（BER）,and greater ability to deal with Doppler frequency shift than the traditional method does.

Methods to Improve the Long Distance Time-Varying Channel Transmission Performance of Expendable Profiler

To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 k Hz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal.Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.

分频高阶扩展AVO技术在低孔低渗储层中的应用——以准噶尔盆地前哨地区三工河组二段为例

以叠前角道集、测井和试油资料为基础,利用广义S变换时频分析技术确定储层优势频带,在优势频带的约束下,利用高阶Aki-Richards近似方程拟合AVO曲线,求取更准确的截距和梯度;利用扩展弹性阻抗技术的坐标旋转方法,获得流体区分能力最优的AVO属性,结合试油结果进行有利区预测。结果表明:前哨地区三工河组二段储层的优势频段为33~68 Hz,进行AVO分析可以提高有利储层的预测精度。经分频高阶扩展AVO技术处理,有利储层的符合率由69%提高到94%。气层有利区主要集中于QS2—QS4、QS7井区及未钻探的QS1井西区域,其中未钻探面积为6.5 km^(2),是前哨地区天然气增储上产的重点潜力区。该结果为前哨地区天然气勘探部署提供技术支持。

Three-dimensional Dominant Frequency Mapping Using Autoregressive Spectral Analysis of Atrial Electrograms of Patients in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Areas with high frequency activity within the atrium are thought to be 'drivers' of the rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ablation of these areas seems to be an effective therapy in e-liminating DF gradient and restoring sinus rhythm. Clinical groups have applied the traditional FFT-based approach to generate the three-dimensional dominant frequency (3D DF) maps during electro-physiology (EP) procedures but literature is restricted on using alternative spectral estimation tech-niques that can have a better frequency resolution that FFT-based spectral estimation.