Factor-graph-based iterative channel estimation and signal detection algorithm over time-varying frequency-selective fading channels

The problem of soft-input so,output （ SISO ） detection for time-varying frequency-selec- tive fading channels is considered. Based on a suitably-designed factor graph and the sum-product al- gorithm, a low-complexity iterative message passing scheme is proposed for joint channel estima- tion, equalization and decoding. Two kinds of schedules （parallel and serial） are adopted in message updates to produce two algorithms with different latency. The computational complexity per iteration of the proposed algorithms grows only linearly with the channel length, which is a significantly de- crease compared to the optimal maximum a posteriori （MAP） detection with the exponential com- plexity. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of bit error rate performance.

Identification of time-varying system and energy-based optimization of adaptive control in seismically excited structure

The combination of structural health monitoring and vibration control is of great importance to provide components of smart structures.While synthetic algorithms have been proposed,adaptive control that is compatible with changing conditions still needs to be used,and time-varying systems are required to be simultaneously estimated with the application of adaptive control.In this research,the identification of structural time-varying dynamic characteristics and optimized simple adaptive control are integrated.First,reduced variations of physical parameters are estimated online using the multiple forgetting factor recursive least squares(MFRLS)method.Then,the energy from the structural vibration is simultaneously specified to optimize the control force with the identified parameters to be operational.Optimization is also performed based on the probability density function of the energy under the seismic excitation at any time.Finally,the optimal control force is obtained by the simple adaptive control(SAC)algorithm and energy coefficient.A numerical example and benchmark structure are employed to investigate the efficiency of the proposed approach.The simulation results revealed the effectiveness of the integrated online identification and optimal adaptive control in systems.

复杂环境下无人机组合导航自适应滤波算法

在复杂环境中,无人机(UAW)组合导航系统可能会因量测噪声过大导致定位精度下降。为解决这一问题,提出了一种改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法。首先,采用一种含权重因子的滑动窗口残差卡方检验方法识别故障信号,将系统区分为有/无故障两种状态;然后,在检测出系统故障时,引入可动态调节的遗忘因子估计量测噪声,提高系统的自适应能力;最后,在系统无故障时,引入多重渐消因子修正预测均方误差矩阵,减小陈旧信息对当前滤波的影响。仿真结果表明:改进后的滤波算法可以有效提高故障信号识别准确性以及定位精度。相较于传统Sage-Husa自适应滤波,改进后的算法在东、北、天向定位精度分别提高了46.54%、18.59%及46.24%。

Comparison of Two Fading Filters anc Adaptively Robust Filter

Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling the influences of the kinematic model errors are analyzed. A practical example is given. The results of the fading filter and adaptively robust filter are compared and analyzed.

Dynamic Characteristics of Double-Helical Planetary Gear Sets Under Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness

Internal and external meshes are two of primary excitation sources which induce vibration while double-helical planetary gear sets are in transmission. Based on the analysis of tooth movement principle,three cases of mesh stiffness are derived via investigating the length of action lines,and catalogued in terms of β < β0,β = β0and β > β_0. The simulation demonstrates mesh stiffness between gear pairs performs as a trapezoid waveform( TW) and changes along with the line of action simultaneously,total mesh stiffness comes from the superposition of each engaged gear. While governing equations of motion contained 16 DOFs( degree of freedom) are constructed and effectively solved through the combination of numerical approaches. Comparing with sinusoidal waveform mesh stiffness( SW),the results show that dynamical factors and perturbation under the excitation of TW( β < β_0) are greater and remarkable than that from SW,with respect to the mean dynamic factors about 1. 51 and 1. 28,respectively. The fluctuation response between ring- planet( R- P) is stronger than sun-planet( S-P) which is also validated by both approach studies,frequency spectra analyses identifies larger distinct rotational resonance and more frequencies under TW excitation.

Stochastic Modeling and Power Control of Time-Varying Wireless Communication Networks

Wireless networks are characterized by nodes mobility, which makes the propagation environment time-varying and subject to fading. As a consequence, the statistical characteristics of the received signal vary continuously, giving rise to a Doppler power spectral density (DPSD) that varies from one observation instant to the next. This paper is concerned with dynamical modeling of time-varying wireless fading channels, their estimation and parameter identification, and optimal power control from received signal measurement data. The wireless channel is characterized using a stochastic state-space form and derived by approximating the time-varying DPSD of the channel. The expected maximization and Kalman filter are employed to recursively identify and estimate the channel parameters and states, respectively, from online received signal strength measured data. Moreover, we investigate a centralized optimal power control algorithm based on predictable strategies and employing the estimated channel parameters and states. The proposed models together with the estimation and power control algorithms are tested using experimental measurement data and the results are presented.

基于强跟踪的自适应PHD-SLAM算法

同时定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)技术使移动机器人在缺乏先验环境信息的条件下,能够在估计自身位姿的同时构建环境地图。然而,在海洋、矿洞等复杂环境中,移动机器人容易受到随机突变噪声的干扰,进而导致SLAM性能下降。现有的概率假设密度(Probability Hypothesis Density,PHD)SLAM算法未考虑随机突变噪声,受到干扰时在线自适应调整能力较弱。为解决移动机器人因随机突变噪声导致状态估计和建图精度降低的问题,本文结合强跟踪滤波器(Strong Tracking Filter,STF)与PHD滤波器,提出了一种基于强跟踪的自适应PHD-SLAM滤波算法(Strong Tracking Probability Hypothesis Density Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,STPHD-SLAM)。该算法以PHD-SLAM为框架,针对过程噪声协方差和量测噪声协方差随机突变问题,本文通过在特征预测协方差中引入STF中的渐消因子,实现了对特征预测的自适应修正和卡尔曼增益的动态调整,从而增强了算法的自适应能力。其中渐消因子根据量测新息递归更新,确保噪声突变时每个时刻的量测新息保持正交,从而充分利用量测信息,准确并且快速地跟踪突变噪声。针对渐消因子激增导致的滤波器发散问题,本文对渐消因子进行边界约束,提高算法的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,在量测噪声协方差和过程噪声协方差随机突变的情况下,所提算法相较于PHD-SLAM 1.0和PHD-SLAM 2.0的定位和建图精度都得到了提高,同时保证了计算效率。

锂电池自适应无迹H∞滤波SOC估计研究

荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)作为表征锂电池剩余电量的关键指标,其精确估计对于合理使用电池电量、保障电池安全具有重要意义。本文针对基于H∞滤波(H infinity filter,HIF)估计SOC时鲁棒性好但估计精度低的问题,提出一种自适应无迹H∞滤波(adaptive unscented H infinity filter,AU_HIF)SOC估计方法,以提高SOC估计精度。首先,选择能够在精度和复杂度间取得良好平衡的双极化(dual polarization,DP)等效电路模型进行新型估计算法的设计;其次,结合无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)算法相比于传统扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)算法更适用于非线性系统状态估计的特点,文章基于先验误差协方差矩阵设计新型渐消因子,实现自适应无迹H∞滤波算法的设计,以减小陈旧测量值对估计结果的影响,提高滤波算法的跟踪能力及估计精度。最后,通过搭建自主实验平台获取实际模拟工况数据,验证了文章所提自适应无迹H∞滤波算法相比于传统H∞滤波算法、传统UKF算法和其他类型改进H∞滤波算法具有更高的估计精度及更好的鲁棒性。文章研究内容对提高新能源汽车、储能电站等电池系统的SOC估计精度具有重要意义。

基于卡尔曼滤波的慕课学习行为智能预测方法

为了降低慕课退课率,提升慕课教学质量,研究基于卡尔曼滤波的慕课学习行为智能预测方法。利用华为nova 5 pro的IMX582型摄像头,采集慕课环境中的学习行为数据;利用自回归积分滑动平均模型,依据采集的学习行为数据,建立慕课学习行为观测模型,并转换成状态空间模型;以状态空间模型的计算结果为卡尔曼滤波的初始状态向量;通过卡尔曼滤波更新初始状态向量,获取慕课学习行为的智能预测结果;在卡尔曼滤波内引入渐消因子,以及协方差匹配判据的方法,补偿卡尔曼滤波内后验协方差矩阵的不确定性,修正卡尔曼滤波输出的慕课学习行为智能预测结果。实验证明,该方法智能预测精度较高,应用该方法后可有效降低慕课退课率,提升学习者的学习活跃度。

Non-uniform thermal behavior of single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures considering time-variant environmental factors: analysis and design

Contrary to conventional design methods that assume uniform and slow temperature changes tied to atmospheric conditions,single-layer spherical reticulated shells undergo significant non-uniform and time-variant temperature variations due to dynamic environmental coupling.These differences can affect structural performance and pose safety risks.Here,a systematic numerical method was developed and applied to simulate long-term temperature variations in such a structure under real environmental conditions,revealing its non-uniform distribution characteristics and time-variant regularity.A simplified design method for non-uniform thermal loads,accounting for time-variant environmental factors,was theoretically derived and validated through experiments and simulations.The maximum deviation and mean error rate between calculated and tested results were 6.1℃ and 3.7%,respectively.Calculated temperature fields aligned with simulated ones,with deviations under 6.0℃.Using the design method,non-uniform thermal effects of the structure are analyzed.Maximum member stress and nodal displacement under non-uniform thermal loads reached 119.3 MPa and 19.7 mm,representing increases of 167.5%and 169.9%,respectively,compared to uniform thermal loads.The impacts of healing construction time on non-uniform thermal effects were evaluated,resulting in construction recommendations.The methodologies and conclusions presented here can serve as valuable references for the thermal design,construction,and control of single-layer spherical reticulated shells or similar structures.

自适应渐消无迹卡尔曼滤波锂电池SoC估计

精确的荷电状态(SoC)是锂电池安全高效运行的重要保障,文章针对传统无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)对非线性系统突变状态跟踪能力差,导致SoC估计精度低的问题,提出一种新型自适应渐消无迹卡尔曼滤波(AFUKF)SoC估计方法。首先,通过设计新型衰减因子对UKF误差协方差矩阵进行加权,并基于新型衰减因子完成AFUKF的设计,减小陈旧量测值对估计结果的影响,提高传统UKF的估计精度和跟踪能力。其次,基于自主实验平台测试数据,验证了本文所提AFUKF算法存在初始误差时,相较于传统UKF算法,ECE工况下平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别下降了47.95%和33.92%,DST工况下分别下降了36.40%和27.73%;相较于同类改进的AUKF算法,ECE工况下平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别下降了43.36%和33.51%,DST工况下分别下降了39.01%和25.63%。模型结果表明,相比于传统UKF算法以及同类型改进的AUKF算法,AFUKF具有更高的估计精度,且在相同初始SoC误差条件下具有更好的鲁棒性。

基于渐消因子的ECEF-GLS估计算法

传统的误差配准算法假设系统偏差恒定或缓慢变化,当系统误差发生突变或快速变化时,这一假设不再成立。针对这一问题,研究了时变条件下的误差配准算法,引入渐消因子,对常规的基于地心地固坐标系的广义最小二乘算法(generalized least squares algorithm based on the earth-centered earth-fixed coordinate system,ECEF-GLS)进行了修正,弱化历史量测对配准的影响,并对渐消因子的选取问题进行了研究,给出了合理的设计方法。算法验证表明,基于渐消因子的ECEF-GLS估计算法能够对时变的系统偏差进行有效估计,精度满足配准要求。

基于自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波的GNSS跟踪环路设计

为提高GNSS接收机跟踪环路在复杂环境下的跟踪性能,提出一种基于自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波(ASTKF)的跟踪环路,在传统跟踪环路的基础上,以鉴相器输出为观测量进行自适应强跟踪Kalman滤波,滤波结果用于计算导航滤波器的观测量,同时将伪码频率和载波多普勒频率反馈到码NCO和载波NCO,在ASTKF中使用基于卡方分布的渐消因子计算方法,提升跟踪环路鲁棒性。半物理仿真实验表明,相比于基于Kalman滤波的跟踪环路和基于强跟踪Kalman滤波(STKF)的跟踪环路,所提出方法在水平方向上的位置误差和速度误差减小20%以上,有效提高了卫星导航接收机的定位性能。

单站水下方位频率机动目标运动分析方法

水下方位频率机动目标运动分析常需已知中心频率先验信息且存在机动检测错误等,因此提出了一种基于方位与多线谱信息融合的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法将方位与多线谱频率信息融合处理,重新构建了方位−多线谱目标运动分析模型。将中心频率信息引入状态向量中构建实时迭代估计,同时引入了自适应时变渐消因子,实时调整过程噪声协方差矩阵使其适应机动目标。仿真与海试数据处理结果表明,所提方法的机动目标运动分析性能最优,其目标运动分析结果能以最快的速度逼近克拉美罗下界。

基于强跟踪的移动机器人CQKF-SLAM方法

针对容积正交卡尔曼滤波(CQKF)在同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)中系统状态驱动模型与观测数据存在突变,以及协方差分解引起系统不稳定,导致移动机器人定位精度降低的问题,提出一种基于多重渐消因子强跟踪的SVDCQKF-SLAM方法。采用奇异值分解(SVD)代替CQKF算法中的乔列斯基分解,抑制状态误差协方差矩阵负定性;引入多重渐消因子强跟踪滤波器调节状态预测协方差矩阵。通过仿真实验,将所提SLAM方法与其它SLAM方法进行对比,其结果表明,该方法能够有效降低SLAM过程中的定位误差,对移动机器人同时定位与地图构建有一定参考价值。

高超目标强跟踪CKF自适应交互多模型跟踪算法

高超目标运动状态复杂且具有高机动性,传统的交互多模型(IMM)跟踪精度低、收敛速度慢,基于此,提出了一种基于多重渐消因子的强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)自适应交互多模型(AIMM)跟踪算法。以IMM-CKF算法为基础,通过对CKF算法的结构进行分析,在时间更新和量测更新的协方差矩阵中引入强跟踪算法的渐消因子,在线实时调整滤波增益,减小模型不匹配导致的滤波精度下降;在IMM的模型集中选择Singer模型、“当前”统计模型和Jerk模型,并针对模型扩维导致CKF算法中无法Cholesky分解的问题引入奇异值分解(SVD)算法;对IMM算法中马尔可夫矩阵提出自适应算法,通过模型似然函数值对转移概率进行自适应修正,增强匹配模型所占比例。仿真结果表明:所提算法跟踪收敛速度提高了约37.5%,跟踪精度提高了16.51%。

Robust Parameter Identification Method of Adhesion Model for Heavy Haul Trains

A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy-duty trains. Firstly, a Kiencke stick-creep identification model was constructed, and the parameter identification task was transformed into a quadratic programming problem. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was constructed to solve the problem, into which a time-varying forgetting factor was added to track the change of the rail environment, and to solve the uncertainty problem of the wheel-rail environment. The Granger causality test was adopted to detect the interference, and then the weights of the current data were redistributed to solve the problem of noise interference in parameter identification. Finally, simulations were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method could track the change of the track environment in time, reduce the noise interference in the identification process, and effectively identify the adhesion performance parameters.

基于Allan方差的改进自适应滤波SINS/GNSS导航算法

针对系统噪声和量测噪声均发生变化时,现有自适应卡尔曼滤波容易发散导致SINS/GNSS导航精度下降的问题,提出了一种基于Allan方差的改进自适应滤波SINS/GNSS导航算法。该方法在对自适应滤波进行改进的基础上,结合Allan方差估计法计算量测噪声协方差阵,克服了自适应滤波中噪声参数耦合以及高维度系统出现奇异性导致滤波发散问题,并利用残差χ2故障检测法对系统状态进行判断,对遗忘因子进行动态调整,对噪声特性跟踪效果更快速,相比其他改进方法简单易实现。仿真结果表明,与卡尔曼滤波,Sage-Husa自适应滤波相比,所提出的算法对噪声有较好的估计效果,且导航精度更高,滤波稳定性更好,速度均方误差平均可比传统Kalman滤波提高49.06%,较Sage-Husa自适应滤波提高27.19%;位置均方误差平均可比传统Kalman滤波提高41.12%,较Sage-Husa自适应滤波提高19.79%。

基于温变RC模型与SMFEKF算法的电池SOC估计

针对SOC估计精度以及鲁棒性的要求,以锂离子电池单体为研究对象,考虑温度变化对开路电压、极化电阻、极化电容以及容量的影响,建立了温变二阶RC等效电路模型,仿真结果表明该模型比二阶RC模型具有更高的精度.基于该模型,采用了多重次优渐消因子的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行SOC估计,结果表明,在变温工况下,相比EKF算法,基于变温模型和恒温模型的SMFEKF算法的SOC估计均方根误差分别减少了42.7%和48.2%,能够保证估算结果有较强的鲁棒性.在变温环境DST工况下,基于变温模型的SOC估计结果最大相对误差和均方根误差均小于恒温模型,证明该模型的温度适应性较强,在变温条件下能有较高的估计精度.

隧道中UHF窄带无线电波传播信道的特性

本文以在五个不同隧道中的实验数据为基础，分析了窄带ＵＨＦ无线电波在隧道中的传播特性，给出了表征空直隧道传播损耗的距离因子，并讨论了隧道中的行人、车辆及隧道弯曲度对传播特性的影响。研究表明，接收信号的慢衰落基本服从对数正态分布，快衰落在直遂道中满足Ｒｉｃｉａｎ分布，在弯曲隧道中Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ分布并不能很好地模拟快衰落的分布。