A configuration point consists of the position and orientation of a rigid body which are fully described by the position of the frame’s origin and the orientation of its axes, relative to the reference frame. We desc...A configuration point consists of the position and orientation of a rigid body which are fully described by the position of the frame’s origin and the orientation of its axes, relative to the reference frame. We describe an algorithm to robustly predict futuristic configurations of a moving target in a time-varying environment. We use the Kalman filter for tracking and motion prediction purposes because it is a very effective and useful estimator. It implements a predictor-corrector type estimator that is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the estimated error covariance. The target motion is unconstrained. The proposed algorithm may be viewed as a seed for a range of applications, one of which is robot motion planning in a time-changing environment. A significant feature of the proposed algorithm (when compared to similar ones) is its ability to embark the prediction process from the first time step;no need to wait for few time steps as in the autoregressive-based systems. Simulation results supports our claims and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.展开更多
Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This...Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
With the rapid development of rail transit,effectively developing urban underground space(UUS)in the metro zone has become an important approach to expanding urban space.However,UUS is currently facing problems,such a...With the rapid development of rail transit,effectively developing urban underground space(UUS)in the metro zone has become an important approach to expanding urban space.However,UUS is currently facing problems,such as an uneven distribution or even loss of vitality,which restricts the utilization efficiency of the space.Thus,we established a UUS environmental assessment system based on the‘‘comfort-aesthetic-function-traffic-structure”using space syntax,instrumental measurement,and questionnaire surveys.By constructing a partial-least-square structural equation model,the internal relationships between the UUS environment and corresponding space vitality and space perception under different study areas,namely the underground transportation-oriented space(transportation space for short)and the underground commercial-oriented space(commercial space for short),were studied in detail throughout the working day.Results indicate the following:(1)the UUS in the metro zone environment influences spatial vitality.The vitality distribution of transportation space is significantly affected by the spatial traffic and structure.The vitality distribution of commercial space is significantly affected by the spatial function and traffic.(2)The environment of UUSs in the metro zone influences users’s perception.The perception of transportation space is significantly affected by aesthetics and comfort.The perception of commercial space is significantly affected by aesthetic,comfort,and spatial functions.(3)The user’s perception affects vitality,and the effect is more significant in commercial space.This study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the complex environment and its spatial vitality as well as the spatial perception of the UUS in metro zones.Our research results provide a novel approach and theoretical basis for the development and application of UUS vitality in various cities.展开更多
The underground utility tunnel(UUT)is one of the typical urban underground structures,which usually requires mechanical ventilation systems for forced ventilation.In addition to the ventilation scheme for accident sce...The underground utility tunnel(UUT)is one of the typical urban underground structures,which usually requires mechanical ventilation systems for forced ventilation.In addition to the ventilation scheme for accident scenarios,the normal operating ventilation scheme deserves equal attention as it has a great impact on the air quality as well as the thermal and humidity environment inside the UUT.In this study,a UUT located in southern China is taken as the research object,and the effect of ventilation on its internal thermal and humidity distribution is explored with a combined use of field measurements and numerical simulations.The results of field measurements show that the average temperature inside the closed UUT is 20.5℃and the average humidity ratio is 14.1 g/kgdry;both are lower than those of the external environment.In the plum rain season,if the tunnel is ventilated without any treatment of the external airflows,surface condensation tends to occur near the air inlet while the region with high relative humidity would be distributed on both sides far from the air inlet.The study also discusses the effect of different temperatures and humidity ratios of the inflow air on the humidity inside the UUT,and on this basis,the humidity control strategy for UUT in the plum rain season is proposed.展开更多
文摘A configuration point consists of the position and orientation of a rigid body which are fully described by the position of the frame’s origin and the orientation of its axes, relative to the reference frame. We describe an algorithm to robustly predict futuristic configurations of a moving target in a time-varying environment. We use the Kalman filter for tracking and motion prediction purposes because it is a very effective and useful estimator. It implements a predictor-corrector type estimator that is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the estimated error covariance. The target motion is unconstrained. The proposed algorithm may be viewed as a seed for a range of applications, one of which is robot motion planning in a time-changing environment. A significant feature of the proposed algorithm (when compared to similar ones) is its ability to embark the prediction process from the first time step;no need to wait for few time steps as in the autoregressive-based systems. Simulation results supports our claims and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.
文摘Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(Grant No.2022AH050845)Major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52090080)+6 种基金Special project of Chinese Academy of Engineering and National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924061)Teaching Research Project in Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2020jyxm1819)Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2022yjrc83)Humanity and Social Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(Grant No.SK2021A0211)Anhui Province Science and Technology Plan Project of Housing Urban-rural Construction,China(Grant Nos.2020-YF12 and 2020-YF14)Major Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.192019071811500001)the Research Project of Huainan Science and Technology Bureau,China(Grant No.2020141).
文摘With the rapid development of rail transit,effectively developing urban underground space(UUS)in the metro zone has become an important approach to expanding urban space.However,UUS is currently facing problems,such as an uneven distribution or even loss of vitality,which restricts the utilization efficiency of the space.Thus,we established a UUS environmental assessment system based on the‘‘comfort-aesthetic-function-traffic-structure”using space syntax,instrumental measurement,and questionnaire surveys.By constructing a partial-least-square structural equation model,the internal relationships between the UUS environment and corresponding space vitality and space perception under different study areas,namely the underground transportation-oriented space(transportation space for short)and the underground commercial-oriented space(commercial space for short),were studied in detail throughout the working day.Results indicate the following:(1)the UUS in the metro zone environment influences spatial vitality.The vitality distribution of transportation space is significantly affected by the spatial traffic and structure.The vitality distribution of commercial space is significantly affected by the spatial function and traffic.(2)The environment of UUSs in the metro zone influences users’s perception.The perception of transportation space is significantly affected by aesthetics and comfort.The perception of commercial space is significantly affected by aesthetic,comfort,and spatial functions.(3)The user’s perception affects vitality,and the effect is more significant in commercial space.This study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the complex environment and its spatial vitality as well as the spatial perception of the UUS in metro zones.Our research results provide a novel approach and theoretical basis for the development and application of UUS vitality in various cities.
基金supported by the Sponsored Shanghai Rising-Star Program,China(Grant No.20QB1404900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078380)+3 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.SLDRCE19-B-14)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC0805000 and 2016YFC0802400)the Construction Program of Shanghai Engineering Research Center,China(Grant No.17DZ2251800)which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The underground utility tunnel(UUT)is one of the typical urban underground structures,which usually requires mechanical ventilation systems for forced ventilation.In addition to the ventilation scheme for accident scenarios,the normal operating ventilation scheme deserves equal attention as it has a great impact on the air quality as well as the thermal and humidity environment inside the UUT.In this study,a UUT located in southern China is taken as the research object,and the effect of ventilation on its internal thermal and humidity distribution is explored with a combined use of field measurements and numerical simulations.The results of field measurements show that the average temperature inside the closed UUT is 20.5℃and the average humidity ratio is 14.1 g/kgdry;both are lower than those of the external environment.In the plum rain season,if the tunnel is ventilated without any treatment of the external airflows,surface condensation tends to occur near the air inlet while the region with high relative humidity would be distributed on both sides far from the air inlet.The study also discusses the effect of different temperatures and humidity ratios of the inflow air on the humidity inside the UUT,and on this basis,the humidity control strategy for UUT in the plum rain season is proposed.
