菘蓝(Isatis tinctoria L.)花药和花粉发育的光镜研究

应用塑料薄切片方法，对菘蓝花药和花粉的发育过程进行了观察，结果表明，１．花药壁发育属双子叶植物型。绒毡层为腺质的，当精子形成后开始解体。２．自减数分裂粗线期至末期Ⅱ，同一药室内相邻的小孢子母细胞之间存在胞质通道。３．小孢子母细胞的胞质分裂为同时型，形成四面体形的四分体，并发现早期四分体的小孢子之间亦存在胞质通道。４．生殖细胞从初期至中期具有呈弱ＰＡＳ正反应的壁，有丝分裂前壁物质消失。成熟花粉粒三细胞型。

Free radical scavenging potential and HPTLC analysis of Indigofera tinctoria linn(Fabaceae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential and high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） fingerprinting of Indigofem tinctoria （I. tinctoria）, Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods, and free radical scavenging activity of the plant was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazy （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO） and superoxide anion （O2-） radical scavenging capacities. HPTLC plate was kept in CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 and the Rf values at fin- gerprint data were recorded by WlNCATS software, Aqueous extract of I. tinctoria reliably showed the total phenolics （267.2 ± 2.42 mg/g）, flavonoids （75.43 ± 3.36 mg/g） and antioxidants （349.11 ±8.04 mg/g）. The extract was found to have DPPH （52.08%）, NO （23.12%） and 02 （26.79%） scavenging activities at the concentration of 250 pg/mL and the results were statistically significant compared with ascorbic acid standard （p 〈 0.05）. HPTLC results confirmed that the extract contained several potential active com- ponents such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids as the slides revealed multi-colored bands of varying intensities. This study confirmed that the plant had multipotential antioxidant and free ra- dicals scavenging activities.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the <i>Isatis tinctoria</i>L. Root Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis in Rats

Objectives: Isatis tinctoria L., clary, is an herbal plant traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. Although it has been primarily used as an antimicrobial and antifungal, there are data on traditional use of I. tinctoria as an agent against antiallergic, anti-thrombocytosis. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the I. tinctoria root extract on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis in rats on osteoclast associated bone resorptive activity, cell death including apoptosis, and inflammation in a rat of disease model of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Periodontitis, acute or chronic inflammatory status in periodontal tissue in rats could be induced by repeated injections of LPS from Escherichia coli into the periodontal pocket area between the first and second right maxillary molars. Eighteen male rats were distributed among the following treatment groups: 1) I. tinctorial root extract (Antifect) 200 mg/kg body weight, 2) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 20 mg/kg body weight and 3) Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) treatment used as a control. After 15 days, maxilla, alveolar bone, molar teeth and associated periodontal tissues were harvested. Inflammatory alveolar bone resorption was analyzed by microcomputerized tomography (μCT) (microcomputer tomography). Tissues fixed with paraformaldehyde and formalin for 2 days, after that paraffin embedded histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H/E) for the assessment of histopathological changes or tested to immunohistochemistry for detecting TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) positive cells and caspase 3. Cell death and Apoptosis were analyzed in the periodontal tissues by tunnel assay. The inflammatory status was assessed by the measurements of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-Iβ (IL-Iβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of gingival tissues and descriptive analysis of histological sections of periodontal. Results: Treatment with Antifect, compared to the control group, significantly diminished the process of inflammation decreasing the levels of IL-Iβ, IL-6 and TNF-α, reducing the gingival tissue lesions and preserving bone alveolar resorption. Considerably a smaller number of inflammatory cells and a larger number of fibroblasts were noticed. Also, μCT analysis showed that only Antifect treated group reduced bone resorption and the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (osteoclasts), also, significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the gingival tissues and of osteocytes in the alveolar bone crest. Conclusion: Antifect manifested anti-inflammatory elect and reducing alveolar bone resorption in LPS-induced periodontitis suggest that it may have a role as a therapeutic agent in periodontal diseases.

两色金鸡菊提取物对四氯化碳诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨两色金鸡菊提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法通过正交试验得到两色金鸡菊的最佳提取工艺,利用LC-MS分析两色金鸡菊提取物的活性成分;应用CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,考察两色金鸡菊提取物对急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用;利用HE染色观察对肝脏组织损伤情况,考察小鼠体内ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、MDA(丙二醛)、TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子-α)、IL-6(白介素-6)及IL-1β(白介素-1β)等指标的变化情况。结果LC-MS分析结果显示,两色金鸡菊提取物中含有32种主要活性成分。动物试验结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组小鼠肝脏有明显病理性改变,两组小鼠ALT、AST、MDA、SOD、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,两色金鸡菊给药组小鼠肝脏病理性改变及生化指标均有所改善,其中,ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),MDA的含量显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),SOD的活力显著上升(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论两色金鸡菊提取物对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,作用机制可能与其抗炎、抗氧化作用相关。

乳酸菌发酵对雪菊体外活性的影响研究

目的:为对比研究乳酸菌发酵前、后雪菊水提取物体外抗氧化活性、XOD抑制活性、抑菌活性的变化情况。方法:运用紫外-可见分光光度法测定发酵前、后水提物清除DPPH·和ABTS+能力、抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶能力;к-B法检测发酵前、后水提物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力。对比研究乳酸菌发酵对雪菊水提物体外活性的影响。结果:乳酸菌发酵后雪菊水提物在0.15mg/ml DPPH·和ABTS+清除率较发酵前有明显增加。发酵前、后0.5mg/mL雪菊水提物对XOD抑制率分别为43.16%,62.19%。发酵前、后雪菊水提物对大肠杆菌的抑制性均强于金黄色葡萄球菌。相同浓度下,发酵后抑菌效果高于发酵前。结论:对乳酸菌发酵前、后雪菊水提物体外活性对比研究显示,经乳酸菌发酵后其体外抗氧化活性、抑制XOD活性、抑菌活性均增强,这为初步筛选治疗痛风的药物奠定理论基础。

两色金鸡菊降血脂活性部位筛选研究

目的:研究两色金鸡菊降血脂活性部位。方法:采用溶剂法通过降血脂活性筛选确定较佳的提取溶剂,并对提取物精制纯化进行降血脂活性考察。结果:两色金鸡菊水提物在高剂量下能显著降低高血脂小鼠血清中TC和LDL-C含量;水提物精制部位在低剂量下可显著降低血清TC和LDL-C含量;水提物和水提物经大孔吸附树脂30%乙醇洗脱部位高剂量下均可显著降低血清TC和LDL-C蛋白含量。结论:两色金鸡菊的最佳提取溶剂为水,大孔吸附树脂30%乙醇洗脱部位为活性部位。

不同水平板蓝根超微粉添加对草鱼幼苗生产性能的影响

为了探究添加不同水平板蓝根(Isatis tinctoria)超微粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生产性能的影响。该试验选择体质健康规格整齐的初始体重为(45.12±1.13)g的草鱼幼鱼240尾,随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别在基础日粮中添加0%(试验1组)、1%(试验2组)、3%(试验3组)、5%(试验4组)板蓝根超微粉。预试验为1周,试验期为8周。结果显示,试验2组、试验3组、试验4组草鱼的增长率、存活率、摄食率均高于试验1组,无显著差异性(P>0.05);试验3组、试验4组草鱼的增长率、特定生长率均显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验3组、试验4组草鱼的饵料系数均显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,不同水平的板蓝根超微粉可以提高草鱼幼鱼的生长性能,以3%板蓝根超微粉添加较适宜。

基于肠道菌群探讨黄诺玛苷对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道功能的影响

目的基于肠道菌群探讨黄诺玛苷对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为空白组和造模组,造模组采用大黄水煎液灌服结合潮湿环境法建立脾虚泄泻模型;随后造模组随机分为模型组、黄诺玛苷组、阳性对照组,空白组和模型组灌服蒸馏水,给药组分别灌服相应药物。观察小鼠一般体征指标和结肠组织病理学变化,测定炎症因子水平,16S基因测序技术分析肠道菌群,利用1H-NMR技术检测小鼠粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFA)水平。结果黄诺玛苷会上调脾虚泄泻小鼠Bacteroidota、Muribaculaceae、Eubacterium-coprostanoligenesgroup等肠道优势有益菌群的丰度及肠道菌群多样性和丰富度,下调Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Campilobacterota、Helicobacter、Ruminococcus-torques-group、Colidextribacter等肠道优势有害菌群的丰度,使肠道优势菌群丰度趋于空白组小鼠。肠道优势有益菌群跟脾虚泄泻小鼠血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)成负相关,与白细胞介素10(IL-10)、胃泌素(GAS)成正相关;肠道优势有害菌群跟之相反。结论黄诺玛苷可能是通过调节脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道微生态平衡,发挥抑制血清和肠道炎症、保护及修复肠黏膜、提升免疫功能、改变肠道SCFA水平作用,有效抑制小鼠脾虚泄泻的发生与恶化。

药桑、两色金鸡菊、刺山柑提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用研究

以三种新疆特色食药两用资源药桑、两色金鸡菊、刺山柑为研究对象,以临床糖尿病常用的药物阿卡波糖为阳性对照,用经典α-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定方法,对其水提物及醇提物进行酶抑制活性筛选,并对其中抑制作用最强的提取物进行了酶促反应动力学分析。药桑、两色金鸡菊、刺山柑提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有明显的抑制作用,药桑醇提物IC_(50)为2.636μg·mL^(-1)、药桑水提物IC50为7.948μg·mL^(-1)、两色金鸡菊醇提物IC_(50)为0.000645μg·mL^(-1)、两色金鸡菊水提物IC_(50)为6.962μg·mL^(-1)、刺山柑醇提物IC_(50)为78.11μg·mL^(-1)、刺山柑水提物IC50为88.5μg·mL^(-1)、阿卡波糖IC_(50)为24.68μg·mL^(-1);由酶动力学实验结果得到,两色金鸡菊醇提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用表现为可逆竞争性抑制。两色金鸡菊及药桑的水及醇提物具有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为潜在的抑制α葡萄糖苷酶、降低餐后血糖的食药两用资源,具有较高的研究价值。

The impact of Gunnera tinctoria(Molina)Mirbel invasions on soil seed bank communities

Aims In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in the impact of invasive alien plant species on the soil seed bank.Soil seed banks play an important role in determining the composition and dynamics of the vegetation through time.Therefore,an ability to form a persistent seed bank and/or a capacity to alter the structure of the seed bank of invaded communities could be important factors in determining the success of many alien plant species.In this study,we report on a detailed assessment of the characteristics of the seed bank community associated with the herbaceous plant invader,Gunnera tinctoria,a newly emerging and potentially globally significant invasive plant species.This species,native to South America,is invasive in a range of wet habitats in Europe,Australasia and the USA.Methods A comprehensive assessment of the seed bank of invaded and comparable uninvaded areas was made at two points in time(May and October),at three sites in western Ireland.The seedling emergence approach was used to assess the structure(diversity,dominance and abundance)of the soil seed bank.Differences between invaded and uninvaded seed bank communities were investigated at the spatial scales of site,plot and depth.Important Findings Gunnera tinctoria formed a large persistent seed bank at the study sites.Approximately 30000 seedlings per square metre emerged from soils collected from invaded areas,of which 30%were found in deep soil layers.Seedlings of this invader represented 53–86%of the total number of seedlings associated with invaded areas.Both the transient and the more persistent component of the seed bank of invaded communities were significantly less diverse and abundant than those of uninvaded areas,and were characterized by higher dominance,even when seedlings of the invader were not included in the analysis.The seed bank of invaded areas was largely composed of seeds of agricultural weeds in addition to those of the invader.These results suggest that G.tinctoria has the capacity to profoundly alter the seed bank of invaded communities.These results have direct relevance for the development of control and management strategies,for this and other comparable invasive species,which should account for both quantitative and qualitative alterations in the seed bank community.Our study also suggests that control measures that result in disturbance of areas colonized by G.tinctoria could promote the germination of undesirable weeds.

Antihypertensive Effects of Extract from Flower Buds of Coreopsis tinctoria on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Objective To provide experimental evidence for the antihypertensive activity of the flavonoids in flower buds of Coreopsis tinctoria（CT-F）and to investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods The spontaneously hypertensive rats（SHRs）were divided into model,captopril（positive control）,and CT-F groups,and the Wistar-Kyoto rats were set as control group,eight in each group.The blood pressure of SHRs,the activity of angiotensin II（Ang-II）in plasma,nitric oxide（NO）,malondialdehyde（MDA）and thoracic aorta media thickness in SHRs were measured by tail-cuff method,radioimmunity method,nitrate reductase method,thibabituric acid（TBA）method,and the hematoxylin-eosin staining method.Q-PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative quantity of angiotensin-converting enzyme（ACE）,ACEII,angiotensin type 1receptor（AT1R）,and TGF-β1 mRNA in left ventricle.Results CT-F could lower the systolic blood pressure of SHRs dramatically（P〈0.01）.The levels of MDA in serum and Ang II in plasma of SHRs treated with CT-F decreased markedly（P〈0.05,0.01）,the level of NO in serum increased significantly（P〈0.01）.In addition,thoracic aorta media thickness in SHRs treated with CT-F was thinner than that of the model group（P〈0.05）.The mRNA expression of ACE,AT1R,and TGF-β1 in left ventricle was markedly decreased（P〈0.05）,while that of ACE II was increased（P〈0.05）.Conclusion CT-F is effective to lower the blood pressure of SHRs,and its antihypertensive effect is probably associated with lowering the oxidative stress by reducing MDA,ameliorating aorta remodeling,dilating vessel by increasing NO and decreasing Ang-II,and regulating the expression of rennin-angiotensin System-related various genes.

Growth,phenology and N-utilization by invasive populations of Gunnera tinctoria

智利大叶草(Gunnera tinctoria)是一种不同寻常的固氮植物,已入侵到了世界各地,通常入侵到低蒸发需求和/或高降雨的环境。在许多可以解释其作为一个成功的引入物种的机制中,差异性的物候特征可能起重要作用,但这可能取决于在次优化条件下生长和利用营养物质的能力。我们研究了智利大叶草在物候和固氮能力方面是否具有优势,并将其与受智利大叶草入侵影响最大的本地物种灯芯草(Juncus effusus)进行了比较。2016-2017年,我们每周或每两周对爱尔兰阿奇尔岛的长期种群进行物候学评估。在测量土壤温度,湿度和氧化还原电位的同时,收集了叶和花序数,叶总面积,光截获和地上生物量的数据。利用δ15N同位素并结合原位乙炔还原测量的方法评估了用于支持季节生长的固氮能力的重要性。研究结果表明,2016-2017年,智利大叶草和灯芯草开始生长的时间不同,智利大叶草叶片出现和展叶的时间较早,水分利用率较高时地上生物量最大。智利大叶草的早期生长依赖于预先形成的结构,5月下旬冠层发育达到最大,并且早于灯芯草。虽然在3月份观察到固氮作用,但这对冠层发育后期的生长有更显著的贡献。基于δ15N同位素分析结果表明,早期生长主要与根状茎的氮转移有关,而幼苗主要依赖于固氮作用。这一发现强调了养分调动对早期生长的重要性,并表明固氮能力的重要性可能在不同的发育过程中有所不同,并且其在入侵过程的不同阶段也是如此。

Identification and Determination of Fructooligosaccharides in Snow Chrysanthemum(Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.)

Objective:Small molecules in snow chrysanthemum such as flavonoids,phenolic compounds and amino acids have been extensively investigated.No study to date has focused on water-soluble oligosaccharides.The objective of this study is identification and determination of water-soluble oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum.Methods:The oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum were identified by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC),liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)combined MS library and methylation analysis for the first time.Subsequently the oligosaccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector(HPLC-CAD).Results:The oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum were identified as inulin-type fructooligosaccharides(FOS).The yield of FOS(DP3~DP13)in the first extraction was over 97.6%.The RSDs of repeatability in three sample amount levels(0.08 g,0.1 g,0.12 g)are lower than 4.8%and the RSDs of stability are less than 3.5%.The recoveries of FOS(DP3~13)were ranging from 96.9%to 105.6%.The contents of FOS(DP3~DP13)in flowers of snow chrysanthemum from different regions of China were greatly variant.Conclusion:This is the first time to identify and quantify FOS in snow chrysanthemum which is helpful for its performance in the in the fields of biomedical,agriculture and functional food industry as well as development of the quality control methods.In addition,the identification approach developed in this work can also be used for screening potential natural sources containing FOS.

Comparative and quantitative analysis of antioxidant and scavenging potential of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. extracts

OBJECTIVE：To compare and elucidate the antioxidant effi cacy of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Indigofera tinctoria Linn.（Fabaceae family）.METHODS：Various in-vitro antioxidant assays and free radical-scavenging assays were done.Quantitative measurements of various phytoconstituents,reductive abilities and chelating potential were carried out along with standard compounds.Half inhibitory concentration（IC50）values for ethanol and hydroethanol extracts were analyzed and compared with respective standards.RESULTS：Hydroethanolic extracts showed considerably more potent antioxidant activity in comparison to ethanol extracts.Hydroethanolic extracts had lower IC50values than ethanol extracts in the case of DPPH,metal chelation and hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity（829,659 and 26.7μg/m L）but had slightly higher values than ethanol in case of SO2-and NO2-scavenging activity（P〈0.001 vs standard）.Quantitative measurements also showed that the abundance of phenolic and fl avonoid bioactive phytoconstituents were signifi cantly（P〈0.001）greater in hydroethanol extracts（212.920 and 149.770 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）than in ethanol extracts（211.691 and 132.603 mg GAE and rutin/g of plant extract respectively）.K arl Pearson’s co rrelation analysis（r2）between various antioxidant parameters and bioactive components also associated the antioxidant potential of I.tinctoria with various phytoconstituents,especially phenolics,fl avonoids,saponins and tannins.CONCLUSION：This study may be helpful to draw the attention of researchers towards the hydroethanol extracts of I.tinctoria,which has a high yield,and great prospects in herbal industries to produce inexpensive and powerful herbal products.

西双版纳热带雨林树种斜叶榕F. tinctoria水分利用方式的季节变化

以斜叶榕F.tinctoria为研究对象,通过测定其木质部与其各种潜在水源的氢氧同位素组成,揭示西双版纳地区斜叶榕在不同季节的水分利用变化.结果表明在干热季时的30 cm土壤处水势达到最低值-30.5kPa,在雾凉季时此深度土壤处出现最大水势,为-14.5 kPa,在各个季节70 cm处的土壤水势几乎没有变化.雨季时的土壤含水量比雾凉季与干热季都高(P<0.001),而雾凉季与干热季的土壤含水量则没有显著差异(P=0.64).通过对雨水、雾水、浅层土壤水、深层土壤水、树干腐殖质水及植物木质部水的稳定同位素分析得出,在雨季,雨水与浅层土壤水是斜叶榕的最主要水源;雾凉季时,斜叶榕主要利用土壤水(包括浅层土壤水与深层土壤水).干热季时,浅层土壤水是斜叶榕的最主要水源.因此,斜叶榕的水分利用存在季节变化.

Disturbance effects on community structure of Ficus tinctoria fig wasps in Xishuangbanna, China： Implications for the fig/fig wasp mutualism

Fig trees are important components of tropical forests, because their fruits are eaten by so many vertebrates, but they depend on pollinating fig wasps to produce mature fruits. Disturbance to habitat structure can have a major impact on insect diversity and com- position, potentially reducing fruit yields. We investigated the impact of habitat disturbance on the fig wasp community associated with male figs ofFicus tinctoria in Xishuangbanna, China. The community comprised one pollinator species Liporrhopalum gibbosae and six non-pollinating wasp species： Sycoscapter sp. 1, Philotrypesis ravii, Philotrypesis sp. 1, Neosycophila omeomorpha, Sycophila sp.1, and Walkerella sp.1. More disturbed areas were characterized by higher temperatures, less shade, and more vehicle noise. The response of the fig wasp community was complex, with no simple relationship between intensity of disturbance and pollinator abundance. However, the sex ratios （proportion of male progeny） of pollinators increased significantly in more disturbed areas. We conclude that potential changes in fig wasp community composition brought about by disturbance, are unpredictable, with unclear consequences for tropical rainforest biodiversity.

发酵型雪菊乳饮料的稳定性研究

以发酵型雪菊乳饮料为研究对象,分别加入黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、卡拉胶、蔗糖酯、果胶5种稳定剂进行单因素试验,以沉淀率为评价指标,筛选出影响较大的因素进行正交试验,以期获得最佳复合稳定剂组合,从而提高其稳定性。结果表明,当稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠的用量为0.10%,蔗糖酯的用量为0.35%,果胶的用量为0.35%时,雪菊乳饮料的稳定性最佳,其沉淀率为0.19%,色泽为黄绿色,未分层,牛奶香与花香和谐,香味浓厚,无异味,无黏稠感。

New iridoid glucoside from Wendlandia tinctoria roots

A new iridoid glucoside,10-O-veratroyleranthemoside（1） was isolated from the roots of Wendlandia tinctoria.The structure was established by spectroscopic（including 2D NMR） and chemical methods.

昆仑雪菊醇提物对不同模拟体系晚期糖基化终产物生成活性的影响

为了探讨昆仑雪菊醇提物对美拉德反应晚期糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)生成的抑制作用,建立乳糖-酪蛋白和葡萄糖-赖氨酸-亚油酸两种模拟体系,以不同浓度昆仑雪菊醇提物作为抑制剂,研究其对AGEs生成的抑制作用。通过分析昆仑雪菊醇提物中总黄酮含量以及反应体系在热处理条件下荧光性AGEs的生成、酪蛋白羰基化程度、赖氨酸相对含量与葡萄糖余量,阐明昆仑雪菊醇提物对AGEs生成的抑制作用程度。结果表明:昆仑雪菊醇提物对AGEs具有显著的抑制作用,0.5 mg/mL醇提物在140℃条件下对AGEs的抑制率可达70.44%;昆仑雪菊醇提物处理后,反应体系中赖氨酸和葡萄糖余量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。该研究证明,昆仑雪菊醇提物在食品加工过程中能够有效减少AGEs的生成,可为开发食品级的AGEs抑制剂提供数据参考和理论依据,使慢性病患者受益。

Anti-microtubule activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herb Northern Ban Lan(Isatis tinctoria)leads to glucobrassicin

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)belongs to the most elaborate and extensive systems of plant-based healing.The herb Northern Ban Lan(Isatis tinctoria)is famous for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.Although numerous components isolated from I.tinctoria have been characterized so far,their modes of action have remained unclear.Here,we show that extracts from I.tinctoria exert antimicrotubular activity.Using time-lapse microscopy in living tobacco BY-2(Nicotiana tabacum L.cvBrightYellow2)cellsexpressing greenfluorescentprotein-tubulin,weuse activity-guided fractionation to screen out the biologically active compounds of I.tinctoria.Among 54 fractions obtained from either leaves or roots of I.tinctoria by methanol(MeOH/H_(2)O 8:2),or ethyl acetate extraction,one specific methanolic root fraction was selected,because it efficiently and rapidly eliminated microtubules.By combination of further purification with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry most of the bioactivity could be assigned to the glucosinolate compound glucobrassicin.Glucobrassicin can also affect microtubules and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells.In the light of these findings,the antiviral activity of Northern Ban Lan is discussed in the context of microtubules being hijacked by many viral pathogens for cell-to-cell spread.