Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system...Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system resilience,the consequences would be catastrophic,and eventually lead the ecosystem to complete collapse.We capture the collapse process of ecosystems represented by plant-pollinator networks with the k-core nested structural method,and find that a sufficiently weak interaction strength or a sufficiently large competition weight can cause the structure of the ecosystem to collapse from its smallest k-core towards its largest k-core.Then we give the tipping points of structure and dynamic collapse of the entire system from the one-dimensional dynamic function of the ecosystem.Our work provides an intuitive and precise description of the dynamic process of ecosystem collapse under multiple interactions,and provides theoretical insights into further avoiding the occurrence of ecosystem collapse.展开更多
The Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in extent,area,and thickness over the last six decades.Most global climate models project that the summer sea-ice extent(SIE)will decline to less than 1 million(mill.)km^(2) in t...The Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in extent,area,and thickness over the last six decades.Most global climate models project that the summer sea-ice extent(SIE)will decline to less than 1 million(mill.)km^(2) in this century,ranging from 2030 to the end of the century,indicating large uncertainty.However,some models,using the same emission scenarios as required by the Paris Agreement to keep the global temperature below 2°C,indicate that the SIE could be about 2 mill.km^(2) in 2100 but with a large uncertainty of±1.5 mill.km^(2).Here,the authors take another approach by exploring the direct relationship between the SIE and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration for the summer-fall months.The authors correlate the SIE and In(CO_(2)/CO_(2)r)during the period 1979-2022,where CO_(2)r is the reference value in 1979.Using these transient regression equations with an R2 between 0.78 and 0.87,the authors calculate the value that the CO_(2) concentration needs to reach for zero SIE.The results are that,for July,the CO_(2) concentration needs to reach 691±16.5 ppm,for August 604±16.5 ppm,for September 563±17.5 ppm,and for October 620±21 ppm.These values of CO_(2)for an ice-free Arctic are much higher than the targets of the Paris Agreement,which are 450 ppm in 2060 and 425 ppm in 2100,under the IPCC SSP1-2.6 scenario.If these targets can be reached or even almost reached,the "no tipping point"hypothesis for the summer SIE may be valid.展开更多
Zhuge Liang,a well-known figure with rich cultural implications in Chinese history,has exerted profound influences on the spiritual life of the Chinese nation.In the ACGN context,new cultural implications have been at...Zhuge Liang,a well-known figure with rich cultural implications in Chinese history,has exerted profound influences on the spiritual life of the Chinese nation.In the ACGN context,new cultural implications have been attached to him,which offset some of the classic implications of the character forged over a long history.Meanwhile,the inherent traditional cultural spirit embodied by him is being reconstructed.In terms of content design,the ACGN games based on traditional realism tend to refresh people’s collective memories of Zhuge Liang to enhance the stickiness factor of the games,thus creating a sense of familiarity to make the transmitted information easier for the game players to accept.The modern fashionable games,however,are good at leveraging the advantages of technologies to form a tipping point and incorporating fashion elements into the traditional image of Zhuge Liang to attract players,thus enhancing the communication effect.In terms of environmental construction,the ACGN games have created a new industrial environment featuring“ACGN+traditional culture,”which changes the traditional image of Zhuge Liang by means of ACGN game technology while retaining its basic cultural characteristics to provide players with a better immersive and interactive experience.展开更多
Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combinat...Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combination of the text analysis and feminine writing put forward by Helene Cixous.Narrating the female body in a novel is a way to deconstruct the patriarchal society and to awaken women to fight against it.It is still of significance in 21st society where gender inequality and discrimination exist everywhere.展开更多
LIBYA is rapidly joining the ranks of Africa＇s better-known failed states： the Central African Re- public, Somalia and South Sudan. The North African country, once boasting one of the continent＇s highest per-capita...LIBYA is rapidly joining the ranks of Africa＇s better-known failed states： the Central African Re- public, Somalia and South Sudan. The North African country, once boasting one of the continent＇s highest per-capita GDPs, is a shadow of its former self： torn apart by armed conflict and now felled by falling oil prices and declining production.展开更多
A MAFIA-LIKE criminal order inspired by a totalitarian ideology threatens North Africa and the Sahel, with Libya now as its centerpiece. As this radical, obscurantist and brutal form of Islam spreads and displaces tr...A MAFIA-LIKE criminal order inspired by a totalitarian ideology threatens North Africa and the Sahel, with Libya now as its centerpiece. As this radical, obscurantist and brutal form of Islam spreads and displaces traditional Islam in Libya, the emergence of the Benghazi Defense Brigades （BDB）, formed in June 2016 to oppose the Libyan national army, has plunged the coun- try into further chaos. The BDB is locked in con- flict with the Libyan army led by Major General Khalifa Haftar.展开更多
THE worst year on record for rhino poaching in South Africa＇s history makes 2013 a dismal period for the endangered animal. Figures released by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs in January show th...THE worst year on record for rhino poaching in South Africa＇s history makes 2013 a dismal period for the endangered animal. Figures released by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs in January show that in 2013, just over 1,000 rhinos were illegally killed in South Africa - the equivalent of nearly three animals a day. The figure is more than 1.5 times the official figure of 668 rhinos killed for their horns in 2012. This brings South Africa＇s white rhino population ever closer to the tipping point, where deaths outnumber births and the population begins a serious decline.展开更多
Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes.Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution,but they ignored the micr...Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes.Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution,but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart,though microeukaryotes are functionally important(e.g.,predators and saprophytes)in microbial ecology.Herein,we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet(control)and across the outlet sites along a shrimpwastewater discharge channel.The structures of sedimentmicroeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions,whichwere primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium(−0.645 and 0.507,respectively).In addition,tetracyclines exerted a large effect(0.209),including direct effect(0.326)and indirect effect(−0.117),on the microeukaryotic assembly.On the contrary,the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution.Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient,as supported by the significant tipping points.We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes,which can quantitatively and accurately predict(98.7%accuracy)the in-situ antibiotic concentration.Sediment microeukaryotic(except fungal)community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution,and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.展开更多
Tipping points of about 16 elements have been identified in Earth system,yet cryospheric tipping point of specific Alpine region has not been studied.Here we analyzed three tipping elements(mountain glacier,snow cover...Tipping points of about 16 elements have been identified in Earth system,yet cryospheric tipping point of specific Alpine region has not been studied.Here we analyzed three tipping elements(mountain glacier,snow cover,and permafrost)identified in recent years,evidenced by the facts of frequent occurrence of abrupt massive collapse of glacier mass and the widespread thermakarst of permafrost.Since 2015,strikingly abrupt cryosphere events(ACEs)have been consistently observed over a large range of High Mountain Asia(HMA).Those events were un-precedentedly significant in history,leading to collapses of glaciers following by disconnection of glacier tongue from accumulation basin and recession of thermakarst towards higher elevation.Strong decreasing of snow depth in 2022 was also observed since 2021/2022 winter,coinciding with extreme warming of the year.The widespread high warming rates in the last two decades over HMA might have triggered above ACEs.The dynamic thresholds of ACEs depend largely on high temperature,especially extreme heat wave,for both glaciers and permafrost,closely related to meltwater as a key factor for reaching initial conditions of abrupt changes,suggesting HMA cryosphere is a tipping element under the global warming level of 1.1℃.The ACEs can cause tremendous damage to local ecosystem and socioeconomy,measures to mitigate risks should be taken when the tipping points are reached.展开更多
Acquired drug resistance is the major reason why patients fail to respond to cancer therapies.It is a challenging task to deter.mine the tipping point of endocrine resistance and detect the associated molecules.Derive...Acquired drug resistance is the major reason why patients fail to respond to cancer therapies.It is a challenging task to deter.mine the tipping point of endocrine resistance and detect the associated molecules.Derived from new systems biology theory, the dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method is designed to quantitatively identify the tipping point of a drastic system transition and can theoretically identify DNB genes that play key roles in acquiring drug resistance.We analyzed time-course mRNA sequence data generated from the tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line, and identified the tipping point of endocrine resistance with its leading molecules.The results show that there is interplay between gene mutations and DNB genes, in which the accumulated mutations eventually affect the DNB genes that subsequently cause the change of transcriptional landscape, enabling full-blown drug resistance. Survival analyses based on clinical datasets validated that the DNB genes were associated with the poor survival of breast cancer patients.The results provided the detection for the pre-resistance state or early signs of endocrine resistance.Our predictive method may greatly benefit the scheduling of treatments for complex diseases in which patients are exposed to considerably different drugs and may become drug resistant.展开更多
Skin,as the outmost layer of human body,is frequently exposed to environmental stressors including pollutants and ultraviolet(UV),which could lead to skin disorders.Generally,skin response process to ultraviolet B(UVB...Skin,as the outmost layer of human body,is frequently exposed to environmental stressors including pollutants and ultraviolet(UV),which could lead to skin disorders.Generally,skin response process to ultraviolet B(UVB)irradiation is a nonlinear dynamic process,with unknown underlying molecular mechanism of critical transition.Here,the landscape dynamic network biomarker(lDNB)analysis of time series transcriptome data on 3D skin model was conducted to reveal the complicated process of skin response to UV irradiation at both molecular and network levels.The advanced l-DNB analysis approach showed that:(i)there was a tipping point before critical transition state during pigmentation process,validated by 3D skin model;(ii)13 core DNB genes were identified to detect the tipping point as a network biomarker,supported by computational assessment;(iii)core DNB genes such as COL7A1 and CTNNB1 can effectively predict skin lightening,validated by independent human skin data.Overall,this study provides new insights for skin response to repetitive UVB irradiation,including dynamic pathway pattern,biphasic response,and DNBs for skin lightening change,and enables us to further understand the skin resilience process after external stress.展开更多
Background:Phase transition and phase separation as well as their tipping points are penetrating phenomena in biology and are intrinsic properties of biological systems ranging from basic molecule complexes to cells a...Background:Phase transition and phase separation as well as their tipping points are penetrating phenomena in biology and are intrinsic properties of biological systems ranging from basic molecule complexes to cells and all way up to entire ecosystems.Results:For example,phase separation has been established as a key mechanism for biological molecules such as protein or RNA to form membraneless organelles to perform complex biological functions.Phase transitions are commonly observed during cellular differentiation,and generally,there are the tipping points or critical states just before the phase transitions.And the stability of ecosystem and extinction of species are systematic manifestation of phase transitions.All phase transition and phase separation phenomena display switch-like behavior and critical transitions.Conclusion:Here we summarize the concepts regarding the epithelial-to・mesenchymal transition(EMT)as a type of phase changes and the implication of critical transitions in EMT,and discuss open questions and challenges in this fast-moving field.展开更多
Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this...Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72071153 and 72231008)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020JM-486)the Fund of the Key Laboratory of Equipment Integrated Support Technology(Grant No.6142003190102)。
文摘Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system resilience,the consequences would be catastrophic,and eventually lead the ecosystem to complete collapse.We capture the collapse process of ecosystems represented by plant-pollinator networks with the k-core nested structural method,and find that a sufficiently weak interaction strength or a sufficiently large competition weight can cause the structure of the ecosystem to collapse from its smallest k-core towards its largest k-core.Then we give the tipping points of structure and dynamic collapse of the entire system from the one-dimensional dynamic function of the ecosystem.Our work provides an intuitive and precise description of the dynamic process of ecosystem collapse under multiple interactions,and provides theoretical insights into further avoiding the occurrence of ecosystem collapse.
基金funding support from the Nansen Scientific Society.
文摘The Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in extent,area,and thickness over the last six decades.Most global climate models project that the summer sea-ice extent(SIE)will decline to less than 1 million(mill.)km^(2) in this century,ranging from 2030 to the end of the century,indicating large uncertainty.However,some models,using the same emission scenarios as required by the Paris Agreement to keep the global temperature below 2°C,indicate that the SIE could be about 2 mill.km^(2) in 2100 but with a large uncertainty of±1.5 mill.km^(2).Here,the authors take another approach by exploring the direct relationship between the SIE and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration for the summer-fall months.The authors correlate the SIE and In(CO_(2)/CO_(2)r)during the period 1979-2022,where CO_(2)r is the reference value in 1979.Using these transient regression equations with an R2 between 0.78 and 0.87,the authors calculate the value that the CO_(2) concentration needs to reach for zero SIE.The results are that,for July,the CO_(2) concentration needs to reach 691±16.5 ppm,for August 604±16.5 ppm,for September 563±17.5 ppm,and for October 620±21 ppm.These values of CO_(2)for an ice-free Arctic are much higher than the targets of the Paris Agreement,which are 450 ppm in 2060 and 425 ppm in 2100,under the IPCC SSP1-2.6 scenario.If these targets can be reached or even almost reached,the "no tipping point"hypothesis for the summer SIE may be valid.
基金The paper is a phased finding of the projects“Zhuge Liang and Studies of Shu-Han Classics”(20ZGL05)“Research on the Role of Domestic Online Games in Innovating and Communicating the Three Kingdoms Culture”(22ZGL02)granted by Zhuge Liang Research Center,a key research base of social sciences in Sichuan province。
文摘Zhuge Liang,a well-known figure with rich cultural implications in Chinese history,has exerted profound influences on the spiritual life of the Chinese nation.In the ACGN context,new cultural implications have been attached to him,which offset some of the classic implications of the character forged over a long history.Meanwhile,the inherent traditional cultural spirit embodied by him is being reconstructed.In terms of content design,the ACGN games based on traditional realism tend to refresh people’s collective memories of Zhuge Liang to enhance the stickiness factor of the games,thus creating a sense of familiarity to make the transmitted information easier for the game players to accept.The modern fashionable games,however,are good at leveraging the advantages of technologies to form a tipping point and incorporating fashion elements into the traditional image of Zhuge Liang to attract players,thus enhancing the communication effect.In terms of environmental construction,the ACGN games have created a new industrial environment featuring“ACGN+traditional culture,”which changes the traditional image of Zhuge Liang by means of ACGN game technology while retaining its basic cultural characteristics to provide players with a better immersive and interactive experience.
文摘Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combination of the text analysis and feminine writing put forward by Helene Cixous.Narrating the female body in a novel is a way to deconstruct the patriarchal society and to awaken women to fight against it.It is still of significance in 21st society where gender inequality and discrimination exist everywhere.
文摘LIBYA is rapidly joining the ranks of Africa＇s better-known failed states： the Central African Re- public, Somalia and South Sudan. The North African country, once boasting one of the continent＇s highest per-capita GDPs, is a shadow of its former self： torn apart by armed conflict and now felled by falling oil prices and declining production.
文摘A MAFIA-LIKE criminal order inspired by a totalitarian ideology threatens North Africa and the Sahel, with Libya now as its centerpiece. As this radical, obscurantist and brutal form of Islam spreads and displaces traditional Islam in Libya, the emergence of the Benghazi Defense Brigades （BDB）, formed in June 2016 to oppose the Libyan national army, has plunged the coun- try into further chaos. The BDB is locked in con- flict with the Libyan army led by Major General Khalifa Haftar.
文摘THE worst year on record for rhino poaching in South Africa＇s history makes 2013 a dismal period for the endangered animal. Figures released by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs in January show that in 2013, just over 1,000 rhinos were illegally killed in South Africa - the equivalent of nearly three animals a day. The figure is more than 1.5 times the official figure of 668 rhinos killed for their horns in 2012. This brings South Africa＇s white rhino population ever closer to the tipping point, where deaths outnumber births and the population begins a serious decline.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province (No. LR19C030001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31872693, 32071549)+1 种基金the Key Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of Ningbo (No. 202002N3032)the K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes.Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution,but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart,though microeukaryotes are functionally important(e.g.,predators and saprophytes)in microbial ecology.Herein,we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet(control)and across the outlet sites along a shrimpwastewater discharge channel.The structures of sedimentmicroeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions,whichwere primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium(−0.645 and 0.507,respectively).In addition,tetracyclines exerted a large effect(0.209),including direct effect(0.326)and indirect effect(−0.117),on the microeukaryotic assembly.On the contrary,the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution.Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient,as supported by the significant tipping points.We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes,which can quantitatively and accurately predict(98.7%accuracy)the in-situ antibiotic concentration.Sediment microeukaryotic(except fungal)community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution,and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0801903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41690145,42125604)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (2021-TS-06,2021-KF-06,and 2022-ZD-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021NTST16)the Beijing Normal University Talent Introduction Project of China (12807-312232101)Basic Research Fund of CAMS (2023Z004).
文摘Tipping points of about 16 elements have been identified in Earth system,yet cryospheric tipping point of specific Alpine region has not been studied.Here we analyzed three tipping elements(mountain glacier,snow cover,and permafrost)identified in recent years,evidenced by the facts of frequent occurrence of abrupt massive collapse of glacier mass and the widespread thermakarst of permafrost.Since 2015,strikingly abrupt cryosphere events(ACEs)have been consistently observed over a large range of High Mountain Asia(HMA).Those events were un-precedentedly significant in history,leading to collapses of glaciers following by disconnection of glacier tongue from accumulation basin and recession of thermakarst towards higher elevation.Strong decreasing of snow depth in 2022 was also observed since 2021/2022 winter,coinciding with extreme warming of the year.The widespread high warming rates in the last two decades over HMA might have triggered above ACEs.The dynamic thresholds of ACEs depend largely on high temperature,especially extreme heat wave,for both glaciers and permafrost,closely related to meltwater as a key factor for reaching initial conditions of abrupt changes,suggesting HMA cryosphere is a tipping element under the global warming level of 1.1℃.The ACEs can cause tremendous damage to local ecosystem and socioeconomy,measures to mitigate risks should be taken when the tipping points are reached.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0505500)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDBl3040700)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11771152,91529303,31771476,31571363,31771469,91530320,61134013,81573023,81501203,and 11326035)Pearl River Science and Technology Nova Program of Guangzhou (201610010029)FISRT,Aihara Innovative Mathematical Modeling Project from Cabinet Office,JapanFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017ZD095)JSPS KAKENHI (15H05707)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (3901) and SPS KAKENHI (15KT0084,17H06299,17H06302,and 18H04031)RIKEN Epigenome and Single Cell Project Grants to M.O.-H.This work was performed in part under the International Cooperative Research Program of Institute for Protein Research,Osaka University (ICRa-17-01 to L.C.and M.O.-H.).
文摘Acquired drug resistance is the major reason why patients fail to respond to cancer therapies.It is a challenging task to deter.mine the tipping point of endocrine resistance and detect the associated molecules.Derived from new systems biology theory, the dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method is designed to quantitatively identify the tipping point of a drastic system transition and can theoretically identify DNB genes that play key roles in acquiring drug resistance.We analyzed time-course mRNA sequence data generated from the tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line, and identified the tipping point of endocrine resistance with its leading molecules.The results show that there is interplay between gene mutations and DNB genes, in which the accumulated mutations eventually affect the DNB genes that subsequently cause the change of transcriptional landscape, enabling full-blown drug resistance. Survival analyses based on clinical datasets validated that the DNB genes were associated with the poor survival of breast cancer patients.The results provided the detection for the pre-resistance state or early signs of endocrine resistance.Our predictive method may greatly benefit the scheduling of treatments for complex diseases in which patients are exposed to considerably different drugs and may become drug resistant.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930022,31771476,12026608,12042104,and 11871456)the Strategic Priority Project of CAS(XDB38040400)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0505500)JST Moonshot R&D program(JP MJMS2021 to L.C.).
文摘Skin,as the outmost layer of human body,is frequently exposed to environmental stressors including pollutants and ultraviolet(UV),which could lead to skin disorders.Generally,skin response process to ultraviolet B(UVB)irradiation is a nonlinear dynamic process,with unknown underlying molecular mechanism of critical transition.Here,the landscape dynamic network biomarker(lDNB)analysis of time series transcriptome data on 3D skin model was conducted to reveal the complicated process of skin response to UV irradiation at both molecular and network levels.The advanced l-DNB analysis approach showed that:(i)there was a tipping point before critical transition state during pigmentation process,validated by 3D skin model;(ii)13 core DNB genes were identified to detect the tipping point as a network biomarker,supported by computational assessment;(iii)core DNB genes such as COL7A1 and CTNNB1 can effectively predict skin lightening,validated by independent human skin data.Overall,this study provides new insights for skin response to repetitive UVB irradiation,including dynamic pathway pattern,biphasic response,and DNBs for skin lightening change,and enables us to further understand the skin resilience process after external stress.
基金The authors apologize to those colleagues whose relevant studies were not cited owing to space limitations.This work was supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB38040400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31930022,31671380 and 31771476)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Background:Phase transition and phase separation as well as their tipping points are penetrating phenomena in biology and are intrinsic properties of biological systems ranging from basic molecule complexes to cells and all way up to entire ecosystems.Results:For example,phase separation has been established as a key mechanism for biological molecules such as protein or RNA to form membraneless organelles to perform complex biological functions.Phase transitions are commonly observed during cellular differentiation,and generally,there are the tipping points or critical states just before the phase transitions.And the stability of ecosystem and extinction of species are systematic manifestation of phase transitions.All phase transition and phase separation phenomena display switch-like behavior and critical transitions.Conclusion:Here we summarize the concepts regarding the epithelial-to・mesenchymal transition(EMT)as a type of phase changes and the implication of critical transitions in EMT,and discuss open questions and challenges in this fast-moving field.
基金This work was supported by grants from the construction and operation of the Food Nutrition and Health Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(XTXM 202205)the earmarked fund for CARS-10Sweetpotato,and the Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(2022KJ111).
文摘Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.
