Introduction： Propofol is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. It is included in WHO Model List of Essential medicines and approved b...Introduction： Propofol is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. It is included in WHO Model List of Essential medicines and approved by the FDA （food and drug administration） in 1989. The side effects of Propofol have been studied widely in the last 25 years. They can be easily managed and that is why Propofol has become a fn＇st choice drug for the most of the anesthesiologists worldwide. This paper presents a case report of Propofol induced pulmonary edema and also a review of some of the rarest and unusual manifestations of Propofol side effects. Some of them are urine discoloration, tissue necrosis, rhabdomyolysis and postoperative panereatitis. Methods and materials： A case summary of 18-years old woman with unusual postoperative pulmonary reaction was considered along with other documented cases. Several full-text articles were briefly analyzed for estimating the role of Propofol for a number of strange and potentially life threatening conditions. Results： Despite the low incidence rate, the presented case could be determined as a pulmonary edema due to its clinical features. Furthermore, rare drug reactions such as rhabdomyolysis, tissue necrosis, postoperative pancreatitis etc. may remain unrecognized and create diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Conclusions： Although the officially reported dangerous reaction, Propofol remains one of the best hypnotic and sedative agents. The better knowledge of the full list of drug reactions considered as rare and very rare is a guarantee of an adequate and a better therapeutic behavior.展开更多
Dermal fillers have become increasingly popular as a cosmetic treatment for facial rejuvenation.Although these injections are generally considered to be safe,as the number of injections has increased,so has the rate o...Dermal fillers have become increasingly popular as a cosmetic treatment for facial rejuvenation.Although these injections are generally considered to be safe,as the number of injections has increased,so has the rate of complications.Ischemic complications of fillers include vision loss,ophthalmoplegia,skin necrosis,and cerebral infarction.Knowing the anatomy well is critical to optimally prevent and manage these serious complications.Prevention includes knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the facial area,as well as certain injection techniques such as aspiration,use of a smaller needle,and adoption of a larger cannula.The use of ultrasound has been a recent innovation in preventing and treating filler complications as well.The reversibility of fillers should also be considered when choosing a filler.Some hyaluronic acid(HA)fillers,including the newer ones on the market,are difficult to reverse and non-HA fillers and fat are irreversible.This review aims to discuss facial anatomy,the various ischemic filler complications,the prevention and management of these complications,and the relatively recent use of imaging as an adjunct.展开更多
文摘Introduction： Propofol is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. It is included in WHO Model List of Essential medicines and approved by the FDA （food and drug administration） in 1989. The side effects of Propofol have been studied widely in the last 25 years. They can be easily managed and that is why Propofol has become a fn＇st choice drug for the most of the anesthesiologists worldwide. This paper presents a case report of Propofol induced pulmonary edema and also a review of some of the rarest and unusual manifestations of Propofol side effects. Some of them are urine discoloration, tissue necrosis, rhabdomyolysis and postoperative panereatitis. Methods and materials： A case summary of 18-years old woman with unusual postoperative pulmonary reaction was considered along with other documented cases. Several full-text articles were briefly analyzed for estimating the role of Propofol for a number of strange and potentially life threatening conditions. Results： Despite the low incidence rate, the presented case could be determined as a pulmonary edema due to its clinical features. Furthermore, rare drug reactions such as rhabdomyolysis, tissue necrosis, postoperative pancreatitis etc. may remain unrecognized and create diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Conclusions： Although the officially reported dangerous reaction, Propofol remains one of the best hypnotic and sedative agents. The better knowledge of the full list of drug reactions considered as rare and very rare is a guarantee of an adequate and a better therapeutic behavior.
基金supported by an unrestricted Grant to the Department of Ophthalmology from Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,NYthe Keck School of Medicine Dean’s Research Scholar Award.
文摘Dermal fillers have become increasingly popular as a cosmetic treatment for facial rejuvenation.Although these injections are generally considered to be safe,as the number of injections has increased,so has the rate of complications.Ischemic complications of fillers include vision loss,ophthalmoplegia,skin necrosis,and cerebral infarction.Knowing the anatomy well is critical to optimally prevent and manage these serious complications.Prevention includes knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the facial area,as well as certain injection techniques such as aspiration,use of a smaller needle,and adoption of a larger cannula.The use of ultrasound has been a recent innovation in preventing and treating filler complications as well.The reversibility of fillers should also be considered when choosing a filler.Some hyaluronic acid(HA)fillers,including the newer ones on the market,are difficult to reverse and non-HA fillers and fat are irreversible.This review aims to discuss facial anatomy,the various ischemic filler complications,the prevention and management of these complications,and the relatively recent use of imaging as an adjunct.
