Effect of novel surface treatment on corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of a titanium alloy

A new surface treatment process is presented that improves the properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.This process is based on thermal oxidation,in which the surface properties of the titanium alloy are improved via simultaneous nitriding and oxidation.The test results indicate that the resulting surface layer consists of TiO 2 and TiN.The sample with the best mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was sintered at a temperature of 800℃.

Effects of surface nanocrystallization on corrosion resistance of β-type titanium alloy

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was performed on biomedicalβ-type TiNbZrFe alloy for 60 min at room temperature to study the effect of surface nanocrystallization on the corrosion resistance of TiNbZrFe alloy in physiological environment. The surface nanostructure was characterized by TEM, and the electrochemical behaviors of the samples with nanocrystalline layer and coarse grain were comparatively investigated in 0.9% NaCl and 0.2% NaF solutions, respectively. The results indicate that nanocrystallines with the size of 10-30 nm are formed within the surface layer of 30 μm in depth. The nanocrystallized surface behaves higher impedance, more positive corrosion potential and lower corrosion current density in 0.9%NaCl and 0.2%NaF solutions as compared with the coarse grain surface. The improvement of the corrosion resistance is attributed to the rapid formation of stable and dense passive film on the nanocrystallized surface of TiNbZrFe alloy.

Corrosion behavior and surface treatment of superlight Mg-Li alloys

Mg-Li alloy,as a superlight metallic engineering material,shows great potential in the fields of aerospace and militarydue to its high specific strength,better formability,and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance.The research process ofMg-Li alloys is reviewed and three main problems are pointed out.Aimed at the poor corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloys,thecorrosion behavior is mainly summarized.The surface treatment technologies,including electroplating,electroless plating,plasmaspraying,molten salt replacement,conversion coating,anodizing,micro-arc oxidation,organic coating,and organic-inorganic hybridcoating,are introduced in detail.Finally,the future development of corrosion and protection of Mg?Li alloys is discussed.

Effect of nitriding-sulfurizing composite treatment on the tribological behavior of titanium alloys

A composite layer was prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by nitriding-sulfurizing composite treatment,and its microstructure and phase structure were examined by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）,respectively.The tribological performance was measured to investigate its dependence on the nitriding-sulfurizing composite treatment process.The results indicated that the composite layer was mainly comprised of Ti2N,TiN,and TiS2.It was found that the composite layer exhibited superior tribological properties under dry friction and absolute sliding conditions due to the formation of sulfides with self-lubricating function.

Improvement of titanium alloy TA19 fatigue life by submerged abrasive waterjet peening:Correlation of its process parameters with surface integrity and fatigue performance

Submerged abrasive waterjet peening(SAWJP)is an effective anti-fatigue manufacturing technology that is widely used to strengthen aeroengine components.This study investigated the correlation of SAWJP process parameters on surface integrity and fatigue life of titanium alloy TA19.SAWJP with different water pressures and standoff distances(SoDs)was conducted on the TA19 specimens.The surface integrity of the specimens before and after SAWJP with different process parameters was experimentally studied,including microstructure,surface roughness,microhardness,and compressive residual stress(CRS).Finally,fatigue tests of the specimens before and after SAWJP treatment with different process parameters were carried out at room temperature.The results highlighted that the fatigue life of the TA19 specimen can be increased by 5.46,5.98,and 6.28 times under relatively optimal process parameters,which is mainly due to the improved surface integrity of the specimen after SAWJP treatment.However,the fatigue life of specimens treated with improper process parameters is decreased by 0.55 to 0.69 times owing to the terrible surface roughness caused by the material erosion.This work verifies that SAWJP can effectively improve the surface integrity and fatigue life of workpieces,and reveals the relationship between process parameters,surface integrity,and fatigue life,which provides support for the promotion of SAWJP in the manufacturing fields.

Surface Top Graphology,Corrosion and Microhardness of Oxygen Diffusion Hardened Pure Titanium Alloy TA4 after Laser Surface Melting

In the oxygen diffusion hardened condition,untreated and laser surface melted pure titanium alloy (TA4) by Nd:YAG pulsed laser,are hardened at temperatures of 650 to 700℃ with the end result being a passive,mechanically stable,abrasion resistant oxide ceramic rutile surface layer.The thickness of this surface layer depends on the time,temperature,and the microstructure of the Ti substrate.This paper describes the results of x-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscope (SEM),microhardness measurements,and corrosion resistance measurements of hardened pure and laser treated Ti substrate.The oxygen diffusion hardened titanium alloy after laser surface melted samples (L-TA4) had a more pronounced grain structure and significantly higher roughness values than the untreated pure TA4 (U-TA4)samples.The L-TA4 samples also exhibited at least equivalent corrosion behavior and a definite increase in surface hardness compared to the U-TA4 samples.The results of this work suggest that laser surface melting plays a key role for effective oxygen diffusion hardening at 650-700℃ for pure and laser treated pure Ti alloys.

Stress corrosion cracking of magnesium alloys:A review

Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been widely used in automobile,aviation,computer,and other fields due to their lightweight,high specific strength and stiffness,low pollution,and good electromagnetic shielding performance.However,the chemical stability of Mg alloys is poor,especially in the corrosive medium environment with high stress corrosion sensitivity,which causes sudden damage to structural components and restricts their application field.In recent years,owing to the increasing failure rate of engineering structures caused by stress corrosion of Mg alloys,it has become necessary to understand and pay more attention to the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior of Mg alloys.In this paper,the SCC mechanisms and test methods of Mg alloys have been summarized.The recent research progress on SCC of Mg alloys has been reviewed from the aspects of alloying,preparation process,surface modification,corrosive medium,and strain rate.More importantly,future research trends in the field of SCC of Mg alloys have also been proposed.

Effect of fluoride treatment on corrosion behavior of Mg-Ca binary alloy for implant application

The influence of hydrofluoric acid（HF） treatment on the corrosion behavior of the Mg-0.5Ca alloys was investigated by immersion specimen in sodium hydroxide and HF solutions with various concentrations and durations at room temperature.Microstructural evolutions of the specimens were characterized by atomic force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,field-emission scanning electron microscopy.The corrosion resistance was examined through potentiodynamic polarization and immersion test in Kokubo solution.The results revealed that the fluoride treated Mg-0.5Ca alloys produced by immersion in 40% HF provided more uniform,dense and thicker coating layer（12.6 μm） compared with the 35% HF treated specimen.The electrochemical test showed that the corrosion resistance of fluoride treated specimen was 35 times higher compared with the untreated Mg-0.5Ca alloy specimen in Kokubo solution.In vitro degradation rate of the fluoride treated specimens was much lower than untreated Mg-0.5Ca alloy in Kokubo solution.After immersion test the surface of 40% HF treated sample showed a few corrosion dots,while untreated specimens were fully covered by corrosion products and delamination.Fluoride treated Mg-0.5Ca alloy with 40% HF is a promising candidate as biodegradable implants due to its low degradation kinetics and good biocompatibility.

Effects of C,N-Codoped on the Corrosion Resistance of TiO_2 Films Prepared by Plasma Surface Alloying and Thermal Oxidation Duplex Process

C,N-codoped TiO 2 films have been deposited onto stainless steel substrates using plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process.Composition analysis shows that the films shield the substrates entirely.The TiO 2 films are anatase in structure as characterized by X-ray diffraction.The electrochemical measurements show that the equilibrium corrosion potential positively shifts from-0.275 eV for bare stainless steel to-0.267 eV for C,N-codoped TiO 2 coated stainless steel,and the corrosion current density decreases from 1.3×10-5 A/cm2 to 4.1×10-6 A/cm2.The corrosion resistance obtained by electrochemistry noise also reveals that the C,N-codoped TiO 2 films provide good protection for stainless steel against corrosion in stimulated body fluid.The above results indicate that C,N-codoped TiO 2 films deposited by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process are effective in protecting stainless steel from corrosion.

State-of-art on corrosion and protection of magnesium alloys based on patent literatures

The state-of-art of patented technologies for surface treatment of magnesium alloys including chemical conversion electrochemical plating, surface coating, and multiple-step surface treatment technologies was reviewed and analyzed. Some new techniques were introduced. It was found that conversion film technologies account for a large amount of proportion among the patents of surface treatment. These technologies are also the main technologies used in industry. As the structures and service conditions of Mg alloy parts are of variety, a single surface-treatment process can not satisfy all requirements. Combined surface-treatment techniques can meet the needs in different applications. More and more new and environmental friendly techniques were invented. Factors such as capital investment, ease of manufacturing, and coating performances have to be considered when developing a coating technology for the industrial application.

DOUBLE GLOW PLASMA SURFACE ALLOYING OF Ti6A14V AND TiAl

In order to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and high temperature oxidation resistance of intermetallic compound TiAl, the Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique (DG technique) was applied to modify the surface properties of these materials. Mo, Nb, Cr, Ni were diffused into the substrate materials to form alloyed layers with different properties. This paper shows the microstructure, microhardnesses, distributions of the alloy elements on the alloyed layers. Wear and high temperature oxidation tests were carried out. Test results indicate that the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V and the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl were improved significantly.

Improved Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloys AZ31 and AZ91HP by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment

Surface treatment of magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ91HP by a high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) was investigated in the present paper. The corrosion resistance of treated samples was tested in a 5% (wt%) NaCl solution, showing remarkably improvement as manifested by polarization curves. According to EPMA analysis, the intermetallic Mg17Al12 in the surface layer of AZ91HP sample almost disappeared after the treatment of HCPEB, leaving the surface layer in a state of supersaturated solid solution. Both the augmentation of aluminum content and the formation of supersaturated structure in the surface layer are believed to contribute to the improved corrosion resistance of AZ31 and AZ91HP.

Corrosion behavior of Mg−Li alloys:A review

It has been known that the lack of excellent corrosion resistance is the key problem restricting the wide application of Mg−Li alloys.Based on a quantity of literature about corrosion behavior of Mg−Li alloys,this review elaborates the factors affecting the corrosion behavior of Mg−Li alloys and the processing methods for improving corrosion resistance.The corrosion characteristics of Mg−Li alloys are described firstly.Then,it is explained that the grain size,orientation,second phase,and surface film strongly influence corrosion performance,which can be tailored by alloying,plastic deformation,and heat treatment.Further in-depth discussion about the corrosion mechanisms for Mg−Li alloys was also presented.Finally,important points of improving corrosion resistance are suggested.

钛合金表面超疏水膜的制备及其耐蚀性与机械稳定性

采用阳极氧化工艺在Ti6A14V钛合金表面制备阳极氧化膜作为过渡层,然后喷涂SiO_(2)颗粒溶胶烘烤使其固化成膜,再通过正辛基三乙氧基硅烷表面修饰,制备出具有微纳米表面结构、接触角为151.6°的超疏水膜。结果表明:超疏水膜的主要成分为Ti、O、Si和C元素,腐蚀电流密度仅为8.06×10^(-8)A/cm^(2),较裸钛合金降低约一个数量级,并且电荷转移电阻和低频阻抗模值较裸钛合金分别增大约7000Ω·cm^(2)、3000Ω·cm^(2),表现出良好的耐蚀性,可作为耐腐蚀膜层对钛合金起到防护作用。超疏水膜经受80次落砂冲击、50次胶带剥离以及沿砂纸往复摩擦400 cm后,接触角仍然大于150°,保持超疏水状态。蜂窝状多孔结构的阳极氧化膜充当过渡层,使溶胶膜和表面修饰形成的薄膜与钛合金基体牢固结合,从而表现出良好的机械稳定性。

钛合金摩擦磨损性能及减磨方法研究进展

钛合金具有比强度高、抗腐蚀性强、耐高温以及生物相容性好等优点,在汽车制造、生物医疗等众多领域具有重要应用。但钛合金的摩擦磨损性能较差,会影响机械系统的使用寿命和可靠性。首先论述了摩擦磨损过程中摩擦层的形成过程以及摩擦层对钛合金磨损机理的作用,分析了润滑条件、环境温度、滑动速度、载荷等工况条件对钛合金摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。其次,对比总结了钛合金减磨的常见工艺方法及优缺点,指出了当前钛合金磨损机理研究和性能改善方面存在的问题。最后,对今后的研究工作进行了展望:将实验与仿真相结合,阐明钛合金摩擦层和磨损机理的动态变化规律;考虑各种环境因素对钛合金磨损机理的影响,完善钛合金磨损机制图;通过对多种技术协同配合时的工艺参数进行优化,促进钛合金表面强化复合技术的发展,从而提升钛合金的耐磨减摩性能。

AZ31B镁合金钒/硅烷复合转化膜的制备与表征

目的改善钒酸盐转化膜表面形貌,提高单一钒酸盐转化膜的耐蚀性能。方法使用偏钒酸盐和硅烷通过两步法在镁合金表面制备钒/硅烷复合转化膜,比较不同硅烷制备的复合膜的耐蚀性能,从而确定使用硅烷的种类,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)观察转化膜的微观形貌并分析转化膜的组成和结构,通过交流阻抗测试(EIS)、Tafel极化曲线测试和全浸腐蚀实验评价转化膜的耐蚀性能,并采用划格实验和接触角测试评价转化膜的结合力和疏水性。结果确定使用BTEPST(双-[3-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-四硫化物)作为成膜组分,使用偏钒酸钠和BTESPT在镁合金表面成功制备钒/BTESPT复合膜,复合膜表面均匀平整,致密无裂纹,与基体结合力好,具有疏水性,该复合膜的组成元素为Mg、V、C、O、Si和S,且元素分布较均匀,膜层是包含Si—O—S、Si—O—Mg、Si—O—V等共价键的交联结构。交流阻抗测试结果显示,钒/BTESPT复合转化膜的膜层电阻为1.17×10^(5)Ω·cm^(2),电荷转移电阻为1.076×10^(5)Ω·cm^(2)。极化曲线测试结果表明,复合膜的腐蚀电位为-1.4570V,腐蚀电流密度为1.4980×10^(-7)A·cm^(-2),腐蚀电流密度相较于基体降低约2个数量级,对镁合金的保护效率达到99.6%。复合转化膜在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中长期浸泡10d未发生明显腐蚀,全浸实验浸泡14d腐蚀速率为0.0580 g/(m^(2)·h),未处理的镁合金腐蚀速率则为0.5186 g/(m^(2)·h)。结论钒/BTESPT复合膜能进一步提高钒酸盐转化膜对AZ31B镁合金的保护性能。

钛合金气门在高海拔环境中的应用优势与表面处理

在高海拔环境下,低温低压环境会导致柴油发动机的动力下降和燃烧不完全,这也会导致气门组件磨损加剧。虽然几十年来,气门制造技术已经得到了广泛探索,但是气门组件经常面临高温高压、频繁冲击和摩擦的严峻工作条件,导致摩擦磨损机制变得异常复杂,过去的气门制造优化措施并没有完全解决气门组件磨损的问题。为此,提出了一种新的解决方案,即使用铝化钛合金作为气门材料。该材料具有热强度高和重量轻的优点,非常适合用作柴油发动机气门材料。然而,由于钛铝合金的耐磨性存在短板,因此在投入实际使用之前,需要通过表面处理工艺来改善其摩擦学性能和疲劳特性。总结了多种钛铝合金表面处理方法的研究情况,包括超声表面轧制、激光表面熔覆技术、化学热处理工艺、激光表面微织构等。这些表面处理技术可以有效地改善铝化钛合金材料的摩擦学性能和疲劳特性,并消除对材料表面的负面影响。研究者们还通过使用不同的表面处理技术的复合处理来达到更好的效果。指出了未来的研究重点和方向是深入研究铝化钛合金的精确加工参数以及使用多种加工方式的可行性和作用。这将有助于更好地解决气门组件的磨损问题,提高柴油发动机的性能和可靠性。此外,还需要对铝化钛合金在其他领域的应用进行更广泛地研究和探索。

模拟海洋大气环境下钛铝连接件的电偶腐蚀研究

目的探究海洋大气环境下飞机结构用钛铝连接件的电偶腐蚀行为,分析结构件各位置的电偶腐蚀差异,完善钛、铝金属间的电偶腐蚀机理。方法通过动电位极化曲线、零电阻电流(ZRA)及中性盐雾试验等,比较浸泡和薄液膜2种测试条件对腐蚀过程的影响。利用有限元模拟(FEM)表征电偶作用在钛铝表面的影响范围,并预测各位置的腐蚀程度,最后通过腐蚀形貌和失重试验加以验证。结果在模拟海洋大气环境下钛及铝合金的阴极反应速率相较于浸泡条件下有所提高,耦合后两金属间的电偶电流密度由浸泡时的1.52μA/cm^(2)提升至11.00μA/cm^(2),腐蚀形态由局部点蚀凹坑转变为连续网格状腐蚀条纹。另外,钛与铝金属间的电偶电位(Eg=-700 mV,vs.SCE)与阳极铝合金的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr,Al=-680 mV,vs.SCE)接近,两者间较低的电位差使得电偶作用在铝表面的影响距离只有10~15 mm。结论钛铝连接件的电偶腐蚀主要集中在与钛直接接触的铝合金交界处,但不同边界位置的腐蚀深度也可能相差4倍以上,这主要与电偶作用影响范围内的阴/阳极面积比有关。

硬膜缓蚀剂对钛合金紧固件电偶腐蚀的防护作用研究

目的 研究YTF-3硬膜缓蚀剂对由TC4螺栓、不锈钢螺母、7050铝合金及TC4钛合金夹层板组成的组件电偶腐蚀的影响作用。方法 利用硬膜缓蚀剂对钛合金紧固件和夹层板进行整体腐蚀防护处理,并通过盐雾加速腐蚀试验。将齿轮槽螺栓与无耳托板自锁螺母安装连接后,进行自然环境加速腐蚀试验,腐蚀后对螺栓螺母以及夹层板的腐蚀情况进行拍照检查,采用图像处理方式对腐蚀情况进行评价,并通过室温拉伸试验对钛合金螺栓腐蚀前后的力学性能情况进行对比分析。结果 经过腐蚀试验后,TC4螺栓和铝合金组件刷涂缓蚀剂区域比未刷涂缓蚀剂区域的平均腐蚀面积要小。不锈钢螺母与TC4钛合金组件刷涂缓蚀剂区域出现明显褶皱和破损现象。对比了试验前后钛合金螺栓的最大拉断载荷,发现降幅仅为0.5%。结论 铝合金夹层板会遭受电偶腐蚀,而YTF-3缓蚀剂可以有效隔绝腐蚀介质渗入固定间隙,大幅缓解电偶腐蚀,而钛合金螺栓在加速腐蚀试验中并未发生明显的腐蚀,并且力学性能无明显改变。

激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V热处理的研究现状:微观组织演变和耐腐蚀性能

针对激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V热处理问题,对现有文献进行总结,讨论热处理对激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V的组织和腐蚀行为的影响.围绕组织决定材料性能这一观点,通过扫描电子显微镜观察热处理前后激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V微观组织变化,恒电位极化实验分析耐腐蚀性能的差异,将热处理前后激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V的组织和耐腐蚀性能变化相联系,两者相互比较印证.结果发现,细针状α′马氏体相和残余应力是造成激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V耐腐蚀性能变差的主要原因,适当的热处理可以促进细针状α′马氏体分解,增加体心立方β相,消除残余应力,改善激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V的耐蚀性能.同时,过分的热处理会造成激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V晶粒度的增加,影响钝化膜的稳定性.最后,总结现有结论,对激光粉床熔融Ti-6Al-4V热处理未来发展做出展望.